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BIOLOGY—XII

Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks : 70

Unit Title No. of Periods Marks

VI. Reproduction 30 14

VII. Genetics and Evolution 40 18

VIII. Biology and Human Welfare 30 14

IX. Biotechnology and its Applications 30 10

X. Ecology and Environment 30 14

Total 160 70

Unit VI : Reproduction 30 Periods

Chapter 1. Reproduction in Organisms: Reproduction, a characteristic feature of allorganisms for continuation of species; modes of reproduction - asexualand sexual reproduction; asexual reproduction - binary fission,sporulation, budding, gemmule formation, fragmentation; vegetativepropagation in plants.

Chapter 2. Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants: Flower structure;development of male and female gametophytes; pollination - types,agencies and examples; outbreeding devices; pollen-pistil interaction;double fertilization; post fertilization events - development of endospermand embryo, development of seed and formation of fruit; special modes-apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; Significance of seed dispersal andfruit formation.

Chapter 3. Human Reproduction: Male and female reproductive systems;microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; gametogenesis - spermatogenesisand oogenesis; menstrual cycle; fertilisation, embryo development uptoblastocyst formation, implantation; pregnancy and placenta formation(elementary idea); parturition (elementary idea); lactation (elementaryidea).

Chapter 4. Reproductive Health: Need for reproductive health and prevention ofSexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs); birth control - need and methods,contraception and medical termination of pregnancy (MTP);amniocentesis; infertility and assisted reproductive technologies - IVF,ZIFT, GIFT (elementary idea for general awareness).

Syllabus Biology 2015.pmd 7/6/2016, 5:00 PM1

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Unit VII : Genetics and Evolution 40 Periods

Chapter 5. Principles of Inheritance and VariationHeredity and variation: Mendelian inheritance; deviations fromMendelism - incomplete dominance, co-dominance, multiple alleles andinheritance of blood groups, pleiotropy; elementary idea of polygenicinheritance; chromosome theory of inheritance; chromosomes and genes;Sex determination - in humans, birds and honey bee; linkage and crossingover; sex linked inheritance - haemophilia, colour blindness; Mendeliandisorders in humans - thalassemia; chromosomal disorders in humans;Down's syndrome, Turner's and Klinefelter's syndromes.

Chapter 6. Molecular Basis of Inheritance: Search for genetic material and DNA asgenetic material; Structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging; DNAreplication; Central dogma; transcription, genetic code, translation; geneexpression and regulation - lac operon; genome and human and ricegenome projects; DNA fingerprinting.

Chapter 7. Evolution: Origin of life; biological evolution and evidences for biologicalevolution (paleontology, comparative anatomy, embryology and molecularevidences); Darwin's contribution, modern synthetic theory of evolution;mechanism of evolution - variation (mutation and recombination) andnatural selection with examples, types of natural selection; Gene flow andgenetic drift; Hardy - Weinberg's principle; adaptive radiation; humanevolution.

Unit VIII : Biology and Human Welfare 30 Periods

Chapter 8. Human Health and Diseases: Pathogens; parasites causing humandiseases (malaria, dengue, chickengunia, filariasis, ascariasis, typhoid,pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ring worm) and their control; Basicconcepts of immunology - vaccines; cancer, HIV and AIDS; Adolescence-drug and alcohol abuse.

Chapter 9. Strategies for Enhancement in Food ProductionImprovement in food production: Plant breeding, tissue culture, singlecell protein, Biofortification, Apiculture and Animal husbandry.

Chapter 10. Microbes in Human Welfare: In household food processing, industrialproduction, sewage treatment, energy generation and microbes asbiocontrol agents and biofertilizers. Antibiotics; production and judicioususe.

Unit IX : Biotechnology and its Applications 30 Periods

Chapter 11. Biotechnology – Principles and processes: Genetic Engineering(Recombinant DNA Technology).

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Chapter 12. Biotechnology and its ApplicationApplication of biotechnology in health and agriculture: Human insulinand vaccine production, stem cell technology, gene therapy; geneticallymodified organisms - Bt crops; transgenic animals; biosafety issues,bio piracy and patents.

Unit X: Ecology and Environment 30 Periods

Chapter 13. Organisms and PopulationsOrganisms and environment: Habitat and niche, population and ecologicaladaptations; population interactions - mutualism, competition, predation,parasitism; population attributes - growth, birth rate and death rate, agedistribution.

Chapter 14. EcosystemEcosystems: Patterns, components; productivity and decomposition;energy flow; pyramids of number, biomass, energy; nutrient cycles(carbon and phosphorous); ecological succession; ecological services -carbon fixation, pollination, seed dispersal, oxygen release (in brief).

Chapter 15. Biodiversity and its Conservation: Concept of biodiversity; patterns ofbiodiversity; importance of biodiversity; loss of biodiversity; biodiversityconservation; hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction, Red Data Book,biosphere reserves, national parks, sanctuaries and Ramsar sites.

Chapter 16. Environmental Issues: Air pollution and its control; water pollution andits control; agrochemicals and their effects; solid waste management;radioactive waste management; greenhouse effect and climate change;ozone layer depletion; deforestation; any one case study as success storyaddressing environmental issue(s).

Syllabus Biology 2015.pmd 7/6/2016, 5:00 PM3

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Questions Paper Designs 2014-15(Biology-XII).pmd 7/6/2016, 5:06 PM1

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CONTENTS

CBSE Question Papers - 2016 Delhi (Solved) 1 – 14CBSE Question Papers - 2016 Outside (Solved) 15– 30

CBSE Question Papers - 2015 Delhi (Solved) 1 – 18CBSE Question Papers - 2015 Outside (Solved) 19 – 36

CBSE Question Papers - 2014 Delhi (Solved) 1 – 17CBSE Question Papers - 2014 Outside (Solved) 18 – 35

Sample Question Paper–I & II (Solved) S-1 – S-18(Based on the latest guidelines issued by CBSE)

IMPORTANT EXAMINATION STYLE QUESTIONS (SOLVED)

Unit-I : Reproduction

1. Reproduction in Organisms 2 – 13

2. Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants 14 – 35

3. Human Reproduction 36 – 57

4. Reproductive Health 58 – 67

Unit-II : Genetics and Evolution

5. Principles of Inheritance and Variations 68 – 94

6. Molecular Basis of Inheritance 95 – 123

7. Evolution 124 – 146

Unit-III : Biology and Human Welfare

8. Human Health and Disease 147 – 174

9. Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production 175 – 192

10. Microbes in Human Welfare 193– 209

Unit-IV : Biotechnology and its Applications

11. Principles and Processes in Biotechnology 210 – 230

12. Biotechnology and its Applications 231 – 250

Contents.pmd 7/6/2016, 12:06 PM1

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Unit-V : Ecology

13. Organisms and Environment 251 – 273

14. Ecosystem 274 – 293

15. Biodiversity and Conservation 294 – 315

16. Environmental Issues 316 – 336

MODEL QUESTION PAPERS FOR PRACTICE

Model Question Paper–1 M-1 – M-3

Model Question Paper–2 M-4 – M-6

Model Question Paper–3 M-7 – M-9

Model Question Paper–4 M-10 – M-12

Model Question Paper–5 M-13 – M-15

Model Question Paper–6 M-16 – M-18

Model Question Paper–7 M-19 – M-21

Model Question Paper–8 M-22 – M-24

Model Question Paper–9 M-25 – M-26

Model Question Paper–10 M-27 – M-29

Model Question Paper–11 M-30– M-32

Contents.pmd 7/6/2016, 12:06 PM2

1

C.B.S.E. QUESTION PAPERS—2016 (SOLVED)CLASS—XII (DELHI)BIOLOGY (Theory)

* Please check that this question paper contains 11 printed pages.* Code number given on the right hand side of the question paper should be written

on the title page of the answer-book by the candidate.* Please check that this question paper contains 26 questions.* Please write down the Serial Number of the question before attempting it.* 15 minutes time has been allotted to read this question paper. The question paper

will be distributed at 10.15 a.m. From 10.15 a.m. to 10.30 a.m., the students willread the question paper only and will not write any answer on the answer-bookduring this period.

Series : ONS SET—I Code No. 57/1/1Time Allowed : 3 Hours] [Maximum Marks : 70

General Instructions :(i) All questions are compulsory.

(ii) This question paper consists of four sections A, B, C and D. Section A contains8 questions of one mark each, Section B is of 10 questions of two marks each,Section C is of 9 questions of three marks each and Section D is of 3 questions offive marks each.

(iii) There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in onequestion of 2 marks, one question of 3 marks and two questions of 5 marks weightage.A student has to attempt only one of the alternatives in such questions.

(iv) Wherever necessary, the diagrams drawn should be neat and properly labelled.

SECTION–AQ. 1. According to de-Vries what is saltation? 1Ans. Saltation is mutation according to de-Vries. Mutation are inheritable and the raw

material of evolution.Q. 2. Excessive nutrients in a fresh water body cause fish mortality. Give two

reasons. 1Ans. 1. Excessive nutrients in fresh water body causes algal bloom. It is toxic to animals

and human.2. There is drastic decrease in oxygen replenishment inside water. It causes organic loading

of water body.Q. 3. Suggest the breeding method most suitable for animals that are below

average in milk productivity. 1Ans. Outcrossing is best method in such cases.Q. 4. State a difference between a gene and an allele. 1Ans. A gene is a unit of inheritance, present on chromosome carried from parent to

offspring by a gameteAlleles are slightly different form of same gene which are found at a particular place on

locus of homologous chromosome and control same character.

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CBSE Paper 2016y(Delhi).pmd 6/2/2016, 12:30 PM1

MBD Sure Shot CBSE Sample PapersSolved Class 12 Biology 2017

Publisher : MBD GroupPublishers

ISBN : 9789351850922 Author : Panel Of Experts

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