support protection movement mineral storage blood cell formation (hemopoiesis) triglyceride storage
Post on 21-Dec-2015
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• Support
• Protection
• Movement
• Mineral storage
• Blood cell formation (hemopoiesis)
• Triglyceride storage
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Distal
epiphysis
Proximal
epiphysis
diaphysis
yellow marrow
epiphyseal line
periosteum
compact bone
spongy bone
Endosteum
hyaline cartilage
Sharpey’s fibers
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spongybone
central canal
compact bone
Haversian system
osteocyte
periosteum
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osteocytes osteocytes in lacunaein lacunae
central central canalcanal
canaliculi canaliculi in matrixin matrix
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275 bones12 weeks (6-9 inches long)
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Fig. 06.13
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cartilagecalcified cartilage
bone
epiphyseal plate
epiphyseal line
Endochondral Ossification
2o ossification
center
Fetus: 1st 2 months
AdultChildhood
Just before birth
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Fig. 06.08
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• GH from anterior pituitary, which is regulated by T3 and T4 of the thyroid
• During puberty- sex hormones: estrogen and testosterone
Hyposecretion of GH- dwarfismHypersecretion of GH- gigantism
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• Parathyroid hormoneParathyroid hormone- stimulates - stimulates osteoclastsosteoclasts
• CalcitoninCalcitonin- inhibits osteoclasts- inhibits osteoclasts
• Parathyroid hormoneParathyroid hormone- stimulates - stimulates osteoclastsosteoclasts
• CalcitoninCalcitonin- inhibits osteoclasts- inhibits osteoclasts
Maintains homeostasis
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Osteoblast
Osteocyte
OsteoclastEats bone
Builds new bone
Mature bone cell
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hematomacallus bony callus
bone remodeling
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Usually treated by realignment
• Simple- closed fracture (8-12 wks to heal) bone breaks cleanly; no penetration
• Compound- bone penetrates through skin
• Comminuted- bone fragments into many pieces; aged or brittle bones
• Compression- bone is crushed
• Depressed- broken bone portion is depressed inward
• Impacted- broken bone ends are forced into each other
• Spiral- excessive twisting of bone
• Greenstick- bone breaks incompletely
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Oblique Comminuted Spiral Compound
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1. Electrical stimulation of the fracture site:• Increases speed and completeness of healing• The e- stimulation inhibits PTH and slow osteoclasts
down from reabsorbing bone2. Ultrasound treatment:• Daily treatments reduce healing time of broken bones
by 25-35%3. Free vascular fibular graft technique:• Transplant fibula in arm• Gives good blood supply not available in other
treatments4. Bone substitutes:• Crushed bone from cadaver- but risk of HIV and
hepatitis• Sea bone- coral• Artificial bone- ceramic
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Osteoporosis- bone reabsorption outpaces bone deposit; bones become lighter and fracture easier
Factors: • age, gender (more in women)• estrogen and testosterone decrease• insufficient exercise (or too much)• diet poor in Ca++ and protein• abnormal vitamin D receptors• smoking
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2929 4040 8484 9292
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• Rickets- vitamin D deficiency
• Osteomalacia- soft bones, inadequate mineralization in bones, lack of vitamin D
• Pagets Disease- spotty weakening in the bones, excessive and abnormal bone remodeling
• Rheumatoid arthritis- autoimmune reaction
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INQUIRY
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DSHoonPWwXQ
1. What does the secondary site of ossification produce?
2. What is an epiphyseal line?3. Provide an example of a flat bone?4. How does PTH effect bone development?5. How many bones in the adult skeleton?6. What does an osteoblast do and where are they
primarily found?