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Korea Institute of Nuclear Nonproliferation And Control

Support Plan to Establish Safeguards

Infrastructure in Newcomer Countries

and Challenges of ROK

Jaehwan Park

KINAC

2010 IAEA Safeguards Symposium


OUTLINE

1. Introduction

2. Support Framework

– Safeguards Infrastructure

– Area and Scope of Collaboration

– Support Plan

3. Challenges of the ROK

– Share Experience of Safeguards in the ROK

– Challenges for Advanced Safeguards System

4. Conclusion

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1. Introduction

• Nuclear Renaissance – Global interest in nuclear energy is increasing.

• Substitute for fossil fuel

• Climate change

• Energy security

• Objective – To introduce support framework for establishment of

safeguards infrastructure and challenges of the ROK for providing effective and efficient safeguards implementation

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The significant increase of interest on nuclear energy programs

→ the increase of nuclear proliferation risk



• Definition of Safeguards Infrastructure

– The basic system of

•promoting the understanding of nuclear non-

proliferation and safeguards

•fulfilling the requirements outlined by international

community for peaceful use of atomic energy

– including laws, regulations, structures,

procedures, safeguards technology, nuclear

material management system, and human

resource development

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• Necessity of Safeguards Infrastructure

– Limited experience of newcomer countries on nuclear non-proliferation and control

– Show nuclear transparency and credible assurance to international community

– Effective, efficient management of nuclear material in a state

• Area and Scope of Collaboration

– It is important to know the strategy, needs, and current situation of the newcomer countries.

– After policy decision on safeguards has been taken, support to meet their needs and requirement

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6

Establishment of national safeguards system

•Legal system for safeguards

•Domestic Structure, regulatory body, Organization, and Regulation

•Effective and systematic management system

Human Resource Development

•State’s policy for education and training

•Training safeguards experts for improving safeguards implementation

•Fundamental education for promoting the understanding of safeguards



• Establishment of national safeguards system

– Obligation to follow international rules to nuclear

non-proliferation

• all non-nuclear-weapon State Party undertakes to accept

safeguards, as set forth in an agreement to be negotiated and

concluded with the IAEA in accordance with the Statute of

the IAEA and the Agency’s safeguards system, for the

exclusive purpose of verification of the fulfilment of the

States’ obligations. (article III of the NPT)

• the State shall establish and maintain a system of accounting

for and control of all nuclear material subject to safeguards

under IAEA safeguards agreement.

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• Establishment of national safeguards system – Legislation of laws and regulations

• definition of safeguards and the aim of safeguards in a state

• safeguards organization and implementation

• the duties of nuclear facility operators

• regulations and guidelines for control of nuclear materials

– Criteria and method used to implement safeguards regulation

• Regulatory body

• Procedure and process of implementation

– Effective, efficient management system for accounting for and control of nuclear material

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• Major interest points of newcomers

– Safety

– Efficiency of the operating NPP

– Stabilization of nuclear fuel supply

– Safe disposal of spent fuel

– Nuclear non-proliferation and control

• Recognition of nuclear non-proliferation and control

– Focusing on nuclear security and export control

– Lack of understanding for the importance of safeguards

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• Human resources development

– improve national safeguards and promote the

understanding of the international non-

proliferation regime

– Fundamental education for promotion of

safeguards targeting people in universities,

nuclear industries, and research centre

– Training for regulators and facility operators

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Phase 1

Preparatory work

for the

establishment of

SSAC

Phase 2

Support safeguards

system and training

after a policy

decision on

safeguards has

been taken

Phase 3

Support the first

implementation of

safeguards

Phase 4

Safeguards

infrastructure

improvement

through continuous

cooperation

Pre Project Construction Trial Operation Operation

Milestone 1

Ready to establish a

safeguards system

Milestone 2

Ready to implement

safeguards activities

for the first NPP

Milestone 3

Ready to improve

safeguards system

10-15 years

Policy decision on

safeguards

Establish safeguards

infrastructure

Continuous

cooperation

Sa

feg

ua

rds

Infr

astr

uctu

re

Esta

blis

hm

en

t

1st N

PP

Pro

ject



• History of safeguards in ROK – 1957: joined the IAEA

– 1975: NPT ratification, signed CSA with IAEA

– 1994: Establishment of Technical Center of Nuclear Control

– 1997: Establish the SSAC

– 1999: signed AP

– 2004: AP entered into force, AVLIS experiment, Announce four principles of peaceful use of nuclear energy

– 2006: Establish of KINAC

– 2008: Broader Conclusion by IAEA and application of Integrated Safeguards



• Role of the IAEA – Responsibility for assisting member states to

improve safeguards.

– Through standards, guideline, reviews, assessment, assistance and consultation for establishing SSAC

– Restricted support as regulatory organization

• Experience of the ROK – SSAC establishment and inspection improvement

for effective, efficient safeguards implementation

– Equal position as non-nuclear state

– an amicable settlement of unfavorable event

– Application of Integrated Safeguards

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• Challenges for advanced safeguards system

– Developing Integrated safeguards information

system

• Information of safeguards and accounting record in

state

•Evaluation and review of accounting report

submitted to the IAEA

•Reporting tools for accounting reports

•Management of small quantity nuclear material

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• International training center for nuclear security and non-proliferation – Education and training (International & Domestic) – Test bed for the physical protection experiments

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• Challenges for advanced safeguards system

– Existing education/training system

•Nuclear control education for facility operators and

nuclear fuel cycle researchers

•Training for national safeguards inspectors

– Advanced training system

•E-learning program & E-trading program (3D

simulation and virtual reality)

•All materials will be developed by English and native

language

•Trainee management system

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4. Conclusion

• Support establishment of safeguards infrastructure from international community or nuclear developed countries for effective and systematic implementation of safeguards

– National safeguards system

– Human resource development

• Role of the ROK

– Share experience of safeguards in ROK

– Provide education and training for propagation concept or culture of safeguards and effective, efficient implementation of safeguards

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Thank you !

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