supplementary material zno and ag/zno nanoparticles as ...revathia s.k. ashok kumara* and suban k...
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Supplementary Material
Highly Efficient Performance of Activated Carbon Impregnated with Ag, ZnO and Ag/ZnO nanoparticles as Antimicrobial Materials
Prashantha Kumar T.K.Ma, Triveni R. Mandlimatha, P. Sangeethaa, P.Sakthivela, S.K.
Revathia S.K. Ashok Kumara* and Suban K Sahoob
a Materials Chemistry Division, School of Advanced Science, VIT University, Vellore-
632014, India. Phone and Fax: +914162202352; +91 4162243092
E-mail: [email protected] Department of Applied Chemistry, SV National Institute Technology, Surat, Gujarat, India.
Pore diameter (nm)
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
dV/d
log(
D)
pore
vol
ume
(cm
3 /g.A
)
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
Fig.1S: The pore size distributions for AC (HJ method)
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for RSC Advances.This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015
Fig. 2S: Methylene blue (MB) dye adsorption study
100ppm MB 10mL of 100ppm MB + 0.2g AC After 3 minutes
4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500
AC
% Tra
nsmi
ttanc
e (a.u
.)
Wave Number (cm-1)
ZnO-AC
Ag-AC
Ag/ZnO-AC
500 480 460 440 420
Inte
nsity
(a.u
)
Wavenumber (cm-1)
AC Ag-AC ZnO-AC Ag/ZnO-AC
Fig. 3S: FTIR spectra of AC, Ag-AC, ZnO-AC and Ag/ZnO-AC nanohybrid material
200 300 400 500 600 700 8000.850
0.875
0.900
0.925
0.950
0.975
1.000
1.025
Ag-AC
Ag/ZnO-AC
ZnO-AC
AC
Abs
orba
nce
(a.u
)
Wavelength (nm)
Fig. 4S: DRS spectra of AC, Ag-AC, ZnO-AC and Ag/ZnO-AC nanohybrid material
Fig. 5S: DLS characterization of Ag-AC, ZnO-AC and Ag/ZnO-AC nanohybrid materials
Ag-AC Mean diameter=16.5 nm
ZnO-AC Mean diameter=21.1 nm
Ag/ZnO-AC Mean diameter (Ag)=21.1 nm
Ag/ZnO-AC Mean diameter (ZnO)=31.4 nm
Fig. 6S: Antibacterial test for inhibition zones of 1(AC), 2(Ag-AC), 3(ZnO-AC) and 4(Ag/ZnO-AC) against selected microorganisms at different concentrations of nanohybrid materials (a-2000µg, b-1000µg).
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.50.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
Abs
orba
nce
(600
nm
)
Concentration (mg mL-1)
Contact with E.Coli AC Ag-AC ZnO-AC Ag/ZnO-AC
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.50.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
Abso
rban
ce (6
00 n
m)
Concentration (mg mL-1)
Contact with S.aureus AC Ag-AC ZnO-AC Ag/ZnO-AC
Figure 7S: MIC test performance using AC, Ag-AC, ZnO-AC and Ag/ZnO-AC nanohybrid
materials on E. Coil and S.aureus microorganism
controlcontrol
control control
ACAC
AC AC
AC
Ag-AC Ag-AC
Ag-AC Ag-AC
Ag-AC
ZnO-ACZnO-AC
ZnO-AC
ZnO-AC
ZnO-AC
Fig. 8S: Time-kill kinetics performed in fresh MHB with control, AC, Ag-AC, ZnO-AC and Ag/ZnO-AC nanohybrid materials
Ag/ZnO-AC Ag/ZnO-AC
Ag/ZnO-ACAg/ZnO-AC
Ag/ZnO-AC
Fig. 9S: SEM images of E. coil taken after 24h treatment with nanohybrid maerials
Ag/ZnO-ACZnO-AC
Ag-ACAC
Control
Table 1S: MIC and MBC values of the nanohybrid materials
MIC mg/ml MBC mg/mlName of the Samples
E.coli S. aureus E.coli S. aureus
AC >2.50 2.50 >3.0 >2.5
Ag-AC 0.6 1.25 1.2 >2.5
ZnO-AC 0.52 0.51 0.65 0.92
Ag/ZnO-AC 0.20 0.3 0.35 0.6
Table 2S: Assessment of reported work with other reports
S.
No.
Name of the
hybrid material
Method of
preparation
Characterization
techniques usedApplications
1Ag/ZnO/C59
Calcination and
photo deposition
route
XRD, EDS, TEM, Uv-
vis DRS
Photocatalyst
(degradation of
tetracycline
hydrochloride
2
Ag/ZnO-clay60
Microwave-
assisted synthesis
XRD, BET, TEM,
FTIR
Antibacterial
material
3
Ag/ZnO thin
films (supported
on glass
substrate)61
RF sputtering
method
XRD, FESEM, XPS,
UV-vis DRS
Photodegradation of
2-chlorophenol
4Ag/ZnO-AC62 Adsorption
method
XRD, SEM, FT-IR,
Raman and DRS
Photocatalyst
(degradation of
methyl orange.)
5Graphene–
Ag/ZnO63
Solvothermal
process
XRD, FESEM, PL,
XPS, and UV-vis
DRS
The photocatalytic
degradation of MB,
MO and Rhodamine
B
6Ag/ZnO/ GO64 Hydrothermal
method,
XRD, FESEM, PL,
XPS, and UV-vis
DRS
Photodegradation of
methylene blue
7Ag–ZnO/RGO65
Hydrothermal
XRD, FESEM, TEM,
PL, XPS, and UV-vis
DRS
The photocatalytic
degradation of MB
and RB5.
Antibacterial
material
5Ag/ZnO-AC
Present studySol-gel
XRD, BET, SEM,
TEM, FTIR and EDX
Antibacterial
material