suport de curs comunicare limba engleza
TRANSCRIPT
COMUNICARE LIMBA
ENGLEZA
INITIERE
SUPORT DE CURS
1
THE ALPHABET
1.The English alphabet (Aa,Bb,Cc...) + Names
The English alphabet has 26 letters:-A a B b C c D d E e F f G g H h
I i J j K k L l M m N n O o P p
Q q R r S s T t U u V v W w X x
Y y Z z
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The alphabet is made up of:
Vowels A E I O U
and
Consonants B C D F G H J K
L M N P Q R S T
V W X Y Z
The Rhyming Alphabet may help your pronunciation:-
The following letters rhyme with each other
ä sound ë sound e sound ï sound yü sound
A B F I O Q R Z
H C L Y U
J D M W
K E N
G S
P X
T
V
The Phonetic Alphabet may help you with your spelling:-When spelling (especially over the phone) use the phonetic alphabet to avoid confusion.
A Alpha B Bravo
C Charlie D Delta
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E Echo F Foxtrot
G Golf H Hotel
I India J Juliet
K Kilo L Lima
M Mike N November
O Oscar P Papa
Q Quebec R Romeo
S Sierra T Tango
U Uniform V Victor
W Whisky X X-Ray
Y Yankee Z Zulu
Names
First Name/Christian Name
Middle Name
or (Middle Initial)
Last Name/Surname
Elizabeth Mary M Windsor
John Wesley W Sinclair
Naturally speaking
When two letters appear next to each other we say "double __"
Follow the dialogue.
o What's your full name please. My first name is Sonja and my last name Pascalli
o Sorry , what was your last name again? Pascalli. o I'm sorry I don't understand. Could you Pasc-all-i.
4
repeat that more slowly please. o How do you write that? Could you spell it
please? P-a-s-c-a-double l-i
o And your first name please? Sonja o Pardon? Sonja - S-o-n-j-a. o And what is your telephone number
please? 2-3-8-7-1-8
o Thank you. You're welcome.
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II. GREETINGS
Everyday Greetings
"Good morning."
"Good afternoon."
"Good evening."
"Goodbye."
+ "Good night."
+ "Good night."
Special Greetings
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"Happy Christmas." or "Merry Christmas."
00.01 - 1st January "Happy New Year!"
"Happy Easter."
or etc....
"Good Luck!"
or etc...
"Congratulations!" or "Well done!"
"Get well soon."
Shaking Hands
7
When meeting someone formally for the first time, we shake their hand and say "How do you do?" or "Pleased to meet you."
"How do you do?" isn't really a question, it just means "Hello".
When young people meet informally they sometimes say "Give me five!" and slap their hands together (high five).
Generally we do not shake hands with people we know well.
Naturally speaking
You say hello, and I say goodbye!
Follow the dialogue.
Mr Bean meets Mrs Breuer, one of his students, and her husband in the street.
Mr Bean:Good morning, Mrs Breuer.
Mrs Breuer:Good morning, Mr Bean. How are you?
Mr Bean: I'm fine thanks, and you?
Mrs Breuer: Not too bad. Mr Bean, this is my husband Michael, Michael this is Mr Bean my English teacher.
Mr Breuer: Pleased to meet you.
Mr Bean: Pleased to meet you too. Are you from Germany, Mr Breuer?
Mr Breuer:Yes, East Germany, from Dresden. And you, are you from London?
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Mr Bean: No, I'm from Derby, but I live in London now.
Mrs Breuer: Well, goodbye Mr Bean, it was nice to see you.
Mr Bean: Yes, goodbye.
Formal to Informal Greetings and Introductions
First meetings
Formal Introducing yourself Introducing others Responding to an introduction
How do you do? My name is Mrs Hand.
Mrs Hand, may I introduce my boss, Mr Smith.
Pleased to meet you Mrs Hand.
Hello, Lynne Hand. I'm the owner of this web site.
Lynne, I'd like you to meet John Smith, our salesman. John, this is Lynne Hand.
Pleased to meet you Lynne.
Lynne Hand, the owner.
Lynne, meet John, my husband. John, this is my friend Lynne.
Hi, Lynne. How are you?
Informal
Subsequent meetings
Formal Greeting Responding
Hello, Mrs Hand. It's nice to see you again.
What a pleasant surprise! How are you? It's been a while.
Good morning Mrs Hand. How are you today?
I'm very well thank you. And you?
Good afternoon, Mr Reed. It's good to see you.
Thank you. It's nice seeing you too. How are things going?
Hello Petra. How are you doing? Fine thanks. What's new with you?
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Hi, Dieter! How's it going? Not too bad, busy as ever.
Informal
!Note - on first meetings say, "It's nice to meet you". For future meetings say, "It's nice to see you again".
3.Am/is/are + what? + who?
Full form
(written)
Short form (spoken)
I am = I'm
you are = you're
he is = he's
she is = she's
it is = it's
are not = aren't
is not = isn't
Questions - What/Who is it?
What ....? = things
Who .....? = people
Full form
(written)
Short form (spoken)
What is = What's
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Who is = Who's
It is = It's
Who's your teacher? "Hello. I'm Lynne. I'm your teacher."
"What's this?" "It's an apple."
"Who's it for?"
+
"It's for the teacher."
a or an? a = b, c, d ... an = a, e, i, o, u
a banana, a car, a dog... an apple, an elephant, an igloo, an orange, an umbrella
This / these a / an
"What's this?" "It's an apple."
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"And this?" "It's a pear."
"And what's this?" "It's a car."
"And what are these?"
"They're biscuits."
"And these?" "They're eggs."
"Who's this?" "It's Mr. Bean."
English numbers (1,2,3...10)
Numbers
Whole numbers 1 to 10 Symbol Word
0 Nought
1 One
12
2 Two
3 Three
4 Four
5 Five
6 Six
7 Seven
8 Eight
9 Nine
10 Ten
More numbers (10, 11, 12 ...20)
Whole numbers 10 to 20
Symbol Word Pronounce It
10 Ten
11 Eleven
12 Twelve
13 Thirteen
14 Fourteen
15 Fifteen
16 Sixteen
17 Seventeen
18 Eighteen
13
19 Nineteen
20 Twenty
More numbers (21 - 1000)
Whole numbers 21 to 1000
In figures In words
21 twenty-one
22 twenty-two
23 twenty-three
24 twenty-four
25 twenty-five
26 twenty-six
27 twenty-seven
28 twenty-eight
29 twenty-nine
30 thirty
40 fourty
50 fifty
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60 sixty
70 seventy
80 eighty
90 ninety
100 a hundred
101 a hundred and one
200 two hundred
300 three hundred
400 four hundred
500 five hundred
600 six hundred
700 seven hundred
800 eight hundred
900 nine hundred
1000 a thousand
Ordinal numbers (1 - 1000)
Ordinal Numbers
Cardinal numbers express quantity: two eggs (2 eggs), thirty-five people (35 people) etc...
Ordinal numbers indicate order or rank: first (1st), second (2nd), third (3rd) etc...
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The definite article"the" normally goes in front of any ordinal number: e.g. "Queen Elizabeth
the second."
For most ordinal numbers, the ending '-th' is used, with one or two exceptions for those
inevitable irregular numbers:-
CARDINAL NUMERAL IN WORDS ORDINAL NUMERAL IN WORDS
1 one 1st the first
2 two 2nd the second
3 three 3rd the third
5 five 5th the fifth
9 nine 9th the ninth
12 twelve 12th the twelfth
Ordinal numbers 1 to 19
In figures In words
1st the first
2nd the second
3rd the third
4th the fourth
5th the fifth
6th the sixth
7th the seventh
8th the eighth
9th the ninth
10th the tenth
11th the eleventh
12th the twelfth
13th the thirteenth
14th the fourteenth
15th the fifteenth
16th the sixteenth
17th the seventeenth
18th the eighteenth
19th the nineteenth
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Ordinal numbers such as 21st, 33rd etc are formed by combining a CARDINAL ten with an ORDINAL
unit.
The "y" of "twenty", "thirty", "forty", etc. is changed to "ieth":-
In figures In words
20th the twentieth
21st the twenty-first
22nd the twenty-second
23rd the twenty-third
24th the twenty-fourth
25th the twenty-fifth
26th the twenty-sixth
27th the twenty-seventh
28th the twenty-eighth
29th the twenty-ninth
30th the thirtieth
40th the fortieth
50th the fiftieth
60th the sixtieth
70th the seventieth
80th the eightieth
90th the ninetieth
100th the hundredth
101st the hundred and first
1000th the thousandth
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4. Colours
Black
White
Red
Blue
Yellow
Orange
Green
Purple
Pink
For example:-
The Union Jack is red, white and blue.
The German flag is black, red and yellow.
Penguins are black and white.
Aubergines are purple.
Lettuces are green.
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Lemons are yellow.
Oranges are orange!
A rainbow is multi-coloured
5. Days of the week
The days of the week:-
The working week The weekend
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday
(the Sabbath) Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun
6. Time
Twelve o'clock Six o'clock
One o'clock Seven o'clock
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Two o'clock Eight o'clock
Three o'clock Nine o'clock
Four o'clock Ten o'clock
Five o'clock Eleven o'clock
The times of the day:-
Morning Afternoon Evening s Night
00.01 - 12.00 12.01 to 18.00 18.01 to 22.00 22.01 - 24.00
Twelve
o'clock
Twelve
fifteen
or
Quarter
past
twelve
Twelve
thirty
or
Half
past
twelve
Twelve
forty-
five
or
Quarter
to one
20
Naturally speaking
Exactly or about
Exactly About
14.00
It's exactly 2.00pm.
14.28
It's about 2.30pm.
How to ask the time
Excuse me . What time is
it please?
It's exactly eight o'clock.
or
It's eight.
Excuse me . Do you
have the time please?
It's half past twelve.
or
It's twelve thirty.
Excuse me . Could you
tell me the time please?
It's about half past
eleven.
or
It's about eleven thirty.
7. Seasons
In the UK we have four seasons:-
Winter Spring Summer Autumn
Decembe Januar Februar Marc Apri Ma Jun Jul Augus Septembe Octobe Novembe
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r y y h l y e y t r r r
Dec Jan Feb Mar AprMa
yJun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov
More time expressions
Days of the week
The pastThe
presentThe future
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday
Last
MondayThe day before
yesterday
Yesterday TodayTomorrow
The day after
tomorrowNext
Sunday
Months of the year
The pastThe
presentThe future
July August September October November December January
Last
JulyThe month
before last
Last
month
This
monthNext
month
The month after
nextNext
January
Years
The past The present The future
2001 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Three
years agoThe year
before last
Last
yearThis year Next
year
The year after
next In three years time
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Today is .
Yesterday was .
The day before yesterday was .
Tomorrow will be .
The day after tomorrow will be .
This month is .
Last month was .
The month before last was .
Next month will be .
Follow the dialogue.
Mr Bean is finding out about his student's birthdays.
Mr Bean: Sam, when is your birthday?
Student:It is on the 22nd of September.
Mr Bean: Oh, really! But today is the 23rd of September.
Student: Yes.
Mr Bean: That means your birthday was yesterday!
Student:Yes it was.
Mr Bean:Well, happy birthday for yesterday Sam.
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Student: Thank you.
Mr Bean:Sally, when is your birthday?
Sally: My birthday is on the 24th of September.
Mr Bean: No.
Sally: Yes. It's my birthday tomorrow!
Mr Bean and Sam: Happy birthday for tomorrow Sally.
Sally: Thank you.
8.People and places + where?
Questions Who? = People
What? = Things
Where? = Places
CAPITALISATION RULES
Rule For example
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People's names always start with a CAPITAL LETTER.
My name is Lynne Hand.
Countries always start with a CAPITAL LETTER.
I come from England.
Cities always start with a CAPITAL LETTER.
I live in Darmstadt.
Nationalities always start with a CAPITAL LETTER.
I am English.
Where is this?
Is this Germany?
Is England in Poland?
What is the capital of England?
No, this isn't Germany. This is England.
No, England isn't in Poland. England is in Britain.
The capital of England is London.
Is this France? Is Wales in Germany?
What is the capital of Wales?
No, this isn't France. This is Wales.
No, Wales isn't in Germany. Wales is in Britain.
The capital of Wales is Cardiff.
Is this Spain? Is Scotland in What is the
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France? capital of Scotland?
No, this isn't Spain. This is Scotland.
No, Scotland isn't in France. Scotland is in Britain.
The capital of Scotland is Edinburgh.
Is this Italy? Is Northern Ireland in Italy?
What is the capital of Northern Ireland?
No, this isn't Italy. This is Northern Ireland.
No, Northern Ireland isn't in Italy. Northern Ireland is in the United Kingdom.
The capital of Northern Ireland is Belfast.
Where is this? Is the United Kingdom in America?
Tell me more.
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This is the United Kingdom.
No, the United Kingdom isn't in America. The United Kingdom is in Europe.
England, Wales and Scotland are countries in Britain. England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland are countries in the United Kingdom. London, Belfast, Edinburgh and Cardiff are capital cities. London is the capital of Britain.
This is England.
Q - Is England a city?
A - No, England isn't a city. England is a country.
Q - And London. Is London a city or a country?
A - London is a city, a capital city. London is the capital city of England.
Q - Is London in Germany?
A - No, London isn't in Germany. London is in England.
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Now you - make up the same dialogue for Scotland,
Wales and Northern Ireland.
Q - Is Wales .......... ?
A - No, Wales ........... .
Who is this?/Who are they?
Who is this? What is her
name?
Where does she come
from?
Where does she
live?
What nationality
is she?
It's Ingrid. Her name is Ingrid Bergman
She comes from Sweden
She's dead. She's Swedish
Who is this? What is his
name?
Where does he come
from?
Where does he
live?
What nationality
is he?
It's Napoleon. His name is Napolean Bonaparte.
He comes from France.
He's dead. He's French.
Who are they? What are
their names?
Where do they come
from?
Where do they live?
What nationality are they?
They're 'The Beatles'.
Their names are John Lennon, Paul McCartney, Ringo Starr and George Harrison.
They come from England.
John Lennon and George Harrison are dead. Paul lives in England and Ringo lives in Monte Carlo.
They're British.
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Note:
Where do you come from? = Where were you born or raised.
Where do you live? = Where do you live now.
For example:
Me: - "I come from England, but I live in Germany."
What to say
Question Short answer Long answer
"What's your name?" "It's Lynne Hand." "My name is Lynne Hand."
"Where do you come from?" "From England." "I come from England."
"Where do you live?" "In Darmstadt." "I live in Darmstadt."
"What nationality are you?" "I'm English." "My nationality is English."
When asked questions about themselves people often give short one-word answers:-
Question Short one - word answer
"What's your name?" "Lynne Hand."
"Where do you come from?" "England."
"What country do you come from?" "England"
"Where are you from?" "England"
"Where do you live?" "Darmstadt."
"What nationality are you?" "English."
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Naturally Speaking
Follow the dialogue.
What's your name please? Mr. Bean. Do you come from London? No I come from Derby. Do you live in Derby? No, I live in London. Are you English? Yes, I am. Thank you. You're welcome.
9. Present Simple - "I do." vs. Present Continuous - "I am doing."
! "What do you do?" = What is your job? vs. "What are you doing?" = What are you actually doing right
now?
For example:
Q - What do you do?
A - I'm a teacher.
Q - What are you doing?
A - I'm teaching.
The Present Simple vs. Present Continuous - when do we use them?
Things that are always
true.
Regular and repeated actions
(always, often, sometimes,
never).
General facts about our
lives.
Something that is
happening now.
Temporary situations.
To describe change,
development, progress.
"Water boils at 100 degrees."
"I always boil the kettle before I make the tea."
-"The kettle isn't boiling."
-"Is the kettle boiling yet?"
"English is a popular language in business."
"I always speak English in my lessons."
"I like English."
"I am in my lesson, so I'm speaking English."
"I am studying English for a year at University."
"My English is improving."
"It never snows in Germany in the summer."
"It often snows in the winter."
"I enjoy snow."
"It isn't snowing, the sun is shining.
- -
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Let's ask a few questions about Mr Bean.
Q- "What does Mr Bean do?"A- "He's a teacher."
Q- "Is he sitting?"A- "No, he isn't sitting, he's standing.
Q- "What does he teach?"A- "He teaches English."
Q- "What is he doing?"A- "He's holding a flag."
Q- "Where does he work?"A- "He works at a language school in London."
Q- "Is he working there today?"A- "No, he isn't working there today, it's shut."
Q- "What is he doing today?.A- "He's driving to Nottingham."
Q- "Does he often drive to Nottingham."A- "No, he usually takes the train."
10.Adjectives for people, places and things
Adjectives to describe someone's appearance
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beautiful (women only)
handsome (men only)
pretty(girls only) good looking
(men/women/boys)
ugly (men and women)
attractive (men, women, boys or girls)
An adjective is a word that modifies a noun to tell you more about it.
Adjectives never change. They are never plural.
For example:-
This is a nice cake. Adjectives go before their nouns.
They're nice people.
Adjectives go before their nouns.
Adjectives for people and places - appearances
beautifu
l
pretty
ugly
Adjectives for personality (people) or characteristics (places and things)
lovely
nice
OK
all right horrible terrible awful
Questions for people, places and things
For people Question Answer
Appearance What does David look like?Oh, he's a handsome man. He's tall with fair hair.
PersonalityWhat is he like?(What's he like?)
He's a lovely man.
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For places Question Answer
AppearanceWhat is Tuscany like? (What's Tuscany like?)
Oh, it's a very pretty place.
Characteristics
What is Tuscany like? (What's Tuscany like?)
It's a lovely place.
For things Question Answer
Appearance
What is the new Jaguar car like? (What's the new Jaguar car like?)
Oh, it's a beautiful car.
Characteristics
What is the new Jaguar car like? (What's the new Jaguar car like?)
It's a very comfortable car.
Opposites
big / large
"It's a large animal."
small
"It's a small animal."
clean
"She's a clean little girl."
dirty
"She's a dirty little girl."
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friendly
"They're friendly people."
unfriendly
"They're unfriendly people."
expensive
"It's an expensive car."
cheap
"It's a cheap car."
good
"He's a good boy."
bad
"He's a bad boy."
tall
"He's a tall man."
short
"He's a short man."
long
"She has long hair."
short
"She has short hair."
comfortable
"It's a comfortable
chair."
uncomfortable
"They're uncomfortable
chairs."
happy
"It's a happy face."
sad
"It's a sad face."
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new
"It's a new car."
old
"It's an old car."
Naturally Speaking
Follow the dialogue.
Mr Bean meets Mr Breuer again at a party.
Mr Bean:Hello, Mr Breuer. It's nice to see your again.
Mr Breuer:Mr Bean, what a nice surprise! How are you?
Mr Bean: I'm fine thanks, and how is Mrs Breuer?
Mr Breuer:She's OK thank you. She's getting a new teacher next week, a Miss Burton. What's she like?
Mr Bean:Don't worry she's very nice. She's really friendly.
Mr Breuer:Oh that's good to know. You come from Derby, don't you Mr Bean?
Mr Bean:Yes, that's right.
Mr Breuer:What's it like?
Mr Bean: It's a big city in the Midlands. It's a really nice city to live in and the people their are very friendly. What's Dresden like?
Mr Breuer:Dresden is a very large city in the East of Germany. It's beautiful in parts but quite ugly in others. There have been a lot of changes recently.
Mr Bean: Yes, I can imagine.
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Note !
all right, awful, bad, beautiful, big, cheap, clean, comfortable, dirty, expensive, friendly, good, happy, horrible, large, long, lovely, new, nice, OK, sad, short, small,
tall, terrible, uncomfortable and unfriendly
are all adjectives - they describe nouns
very, quite, really and slightly
are all modifiers - they change (modify) the adjectives
11. Likes, Dislikes and Invitations
Do you like ...?
To talk about liking or disliking something, you can use verb + -ing with:-
enjoy | like | love | hate
Asking and answering questions:-
Question Answer + Answer - Do you enjoy learning English? Yes, I love it. No, I hate it.
Does he like living in Germany? Yes, he loves it. No, he hates it.
Did you love the Beatles in the 60s? Yes, I loved them. No, I hated them.
Do you hate football? Yes, I hate it. No, I love it.
To invite someone to do something, you can use verb + -ing with:-
feel like | fancy
Asking and answering questions:-
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Question Answer + Answer - Do you feel like going out tonight? Yes, I'd love to. No, I don't feel like it.
Do you fancy going for a drive? Yes, I'd love to. No, I don't feel like it.
Love - Hate
After some verbs (love, like, don't/doesn't mind, hate) you can use a noun, a pronoun or a verb
+ing.
Love Like
Don't mind
Hate
Noun (coffee) I love coffee. I like coffee. I don't mind
coffee. I hate coffee.
Pronoun (him) I love him. I like him. I don't mind
him. I hate him.
Verb (flying) I love flying. I like flying. I don't mind
flying. I hate flying.
How about doing something? vs Would you like to do something?
To invite someone to do something you can also use:-
Question Answer + Answer - How about going out tonight? Yes, I'd love to. No, I don't feel like it.
Would you like to go out tonight? Yes, I'd love to. No, I don't feel like it.
How about having a drink? Yes, I'd love to. No, thanks.
Would you like to have a drink? Yes, I'd love one. No, thank you.
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! Note. 'How about ...' is informal. 'Would you like to ...' is formal.
Now let's see how Mr Bean does it...
Mr Bean is at home when his wife comes in...
Mr Bean: Hello, darling. Do you fancy going out tonight?
Mrs Bean:Oh, no thanks, I don't really feel like it tonight. How about renting a film
instead.
Mr Bean: OK. Do you feel like watching the new Bruce Willis film, Die Hard 13?
Mrs Bean: Oh, no. I hate him. Do you like Julia Roberts?
Mr Bean: I don't mind her.
Mrs Bean: Well I really like her. Let's rent her new film then.
12. Offering, Accepting and Refusing Politely
Would you like ...?
How to offer a cup of coffee to someone else:
Offering
Formal Would you like a cup of coffee?
Informal A cup of coffee?
Very informal Coffee?
Yes/No
How to accept or decline a cup of coffee:
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Accepting Refusing
Formal Yes, please. No, thank you.
Informal Yes, I'd like some. No, thanks.
Very informal I'd love one. No, thanks.
How do you take it?
Saying how you would like your coffee...
Black with sugar, please.
White, no sugar, please.
White with sugar, please.
Black, no sugar, please.
A little milk, but no sugar, please.
Now let's see how Mr Bean does it...
Mr Bean is in the staff room at school. He is making a cup of coffee. Miss Smith comes in ...
39
Mr Bean: Hello, Miss Smith. Would you like a cup of coffee? I'm just making some.
Miss Smith: Oh, yes please, that would be lovely.
Mr Bean: How do you take it?
Miss Smith: With milk and sugar please.
Mr Bean makes the coffee
Mr Bean: Here you are.
Miss Smith: Thank you.
Their colleague Mr Martin comes in
Miss Smith: Good morning Mr Martin, coffee?
Mr Martin: Oh, great! Yes please, I'd love one.
Mr Bean: Milk and sugar?
Mr Martin: A little milk and no sugar, please.
An English family says 'Hello!'
Mr and Mrs Bell are married.
This is
Mary
Bell.
Mrs Bell:
"Hello I'm Mary
Bell, George's
wife. George is
my husband."
This is
George Bell.
Mr Bell:
"Hello I'm George
Bell, Mary's
husband. Mary is
my wife."
Mr and Mrs Bell:
"Here are our children. We are their parents."
40
This is Carol. Carol: "Hello! I'm Carol Bell."
This is Robert.
Carol:"This is Robert. He's my big brother. I'm his
sister."
Robert:"Hello! I'm Robert Bell. I'm her brother. She's
my little sister."
Carol and Robert :
"Here are our parents. We're their children."
You have already met
Mary.
Carol and
Robert:"This is our mother."
Mrs Bell:"I'm Robert and Carol's mother. Carol is
my daughter and Robert is my son."
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You have already met
George.
Carol and
Robert:"This is our father."
Mr Bell:"I'm Robert and Carol's father. Carol is
my daughter and Robert is my son."
The Bell Family
Do you remember Mr
and Mrs Bell and their
children Carol and
Robert?
Mr Bell's parents are
dead and he doesn't
have any brothers and
sisters, he was an only
child.
Mrs Bell's parents are
still alive, she has a
younger sister and an
older brother.
Let's learn some more about them:
Here are Mary's parents. Mr and Mrs Richards, Emily and
Edgar. She's their daughter.
"Hello. We are Carol and Robert's grandparents. Carol and
Robert are our grandchildren."
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Mr Richards: "I'm their grandfather. Carol is our
granddaughter and Robert is our grandson. "
Mrs Richards: "I'm their grandmother. We're George's in
laws. I'm his mother-in-law and Edgar is his father-in-law.
George is our son-in-law."
This is Mr and Mrs Robert's other daughter Anne, Miss Richards.
"Hello. I'm Anne. I'm Mary's younger sister. That makes me Carol
and Robert's aunt. Carol is my niece and Robert is my nephew.
Mary's husband George is my brother-in-law, I'm his sister-in-law.
I'm not married, I'm single."
And this is their son Charles.
"Hi. I'm Charles. I'm Mary's older brother. That makes me Carol
and Robert's uncle. Carol is my niece and Robert is my nephew.
Mary's husband George is my brother-in-law, I'm his brother-in-
law too. I was married, but not any more, I'm divorced.
I have one child, a baby girl."
This is Emma. She is Charles' baby. Charles is her father. She is
Carol and Robert's cousin, they are her cousins too. Mary and
Anne are her aunts, she is Mary and Anne's niece. George is her
uncle, she is his niece.
DIRECTIONS
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Simple Directions
Right
Left
Straight ahead
For example
The factory is straight
ahead.
The office
block is on the
left.
You are here.The train station
is on the right.
Ask the right question
Question Answer
Where is the office block please? It's on the left.
Could you tell me where the factory is, please? It's straight ahead.
Excuse me. Do you know where the train station
is? It's on the right.
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Where is ... in the town?
Where is the
church?
Where is the train
station? Where is the school?
Where is the
airport?
Where is the
hospital?
The church is on
the far left.
The train station is to
the right of the
church.
The school is in the
middle.
The airport is to
the left of the
hospital.
The hospital is on
the far right.
or...
The church is next
to the train station.
The train station is
between the church
and the school.
The school is
between the station
and the airport.
The airport is
between the
school and the
hospital.
The hospital is
next to the airport.
near far
Movement
Over the bridge
Through the tunnel
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Along / Down the road
Go upstairs
Go downstairs
Take the lift up / down.
Ask the right question
More Questions
How do I get to ... ?
What's the best way to ...?
Is it near?
Is it far?
Vocabulary
A bottle of ..... A bowl of ..... A cup of ..... A glass of ..... A pot of ..... A slice of ...
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The waiter is coming. In his right hand he is
carrying a tray. On the tray is a bottle of
wine and two glasses. He has a napkin over
his left arm.
He has dark hair. He is wearing black shoes,
a pair of black trousers and a grey waistcoat
over a white shirt with a black bow tie.
A waiter/waitress takes
your order. "Are you ready to order?"
or "Would you like to order?"
or "May I take your order?"
or "What would you like?"
Can you think of anything else a waiter might say to take your order?
Naturally Speaking
Now let's see how Mr Bean does it...
Mr Bean is at a cafe with his colleague Mr Smith. They are sitting at a table. The waiter comes
to take their order.
Waiter: Are you ready to order?
Mr Bean: Yes, I'd like a cup of coffee and a doughnut, please.
Waiter (to Mr
Smith):And what would you like?
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Mr Smith: Oh, I'll have a pot of tea and a slice of apple pie.
Waiter: Would you like cream with your pie?
Mr Smith: No, thank you. Could I have ice cream with it instead?
Waiter: Yes, of course.
Mr Bean: And may I have a glass of water too?
Waiter: Certainly.
Paying in a cafe
QuestionsWho? People
What? Things
Where? Places
When? Time
Paying in a cafe
Note! To drink is a verb and drink is a noun. To order is a verb and order is a noun.
Vocabulary
The
customer
chooses
from the
menu.
The waiter takes
the order.
The waiter
brings the
food and
drink.
The
customer
eats the
food and
drinks the
drink.
The
customer
asks for
the bill.
The customer
pays the bill.
The
customer
leaves a
tip.
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Mr Bean
is a
customer.
This is a waiter. This is food.
To eat. This is a
bill. To pay.
This is a
tip.
1 x cup coffee
1 x doughnut
1 x pot tea
1 x slice apple pie
This is a
menu. This is an order. This is drink. To drink
Mr Bean and Mr Smith are finishing their drinks.
They have to go back to work now.
Mr Bean offers to pay for the coffee.
When you want to
pay."I'll pay."
or "My treat."
or "This is on me."
Can you think of anything else you might say when you want to pay?
Naturally Speaking
Now let's see how Mr Bean does it...
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Mr Bean is at a cafe with his colleague Mr Smith. They are sitting at the table when the
waiter comes to take their order.
Mr Smith : Shall we get the bill?
Mr Bean: Yes, I'll pay though, my treat.
Mr Smith: Thank you, that's very kind. I'll get it next time.
Mr Bean (to the waiter): Excuse me. Could we have the bill please?
Waiter: Certainly. Do you want to pay together or separately?
Mr Bean: Together please. How much is that?
Waiter: Here you are. That's £5.50, please.
Mr Bean: Here you are - £6.00, keep the change.
Waiter: Thank you.
English numbers (1,2,3...10)
Numbers
Whole numbers 1 to 10
Symbol Word
0 Nought
1 One
2 Two
3 Three
4 Four
5 Five
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6 Six
7 Seven
8 Eight
9 Nine
10 Ten
More numbers (10, 11, 12 ...20)
Whole numbers 10 to 20
Symbol WordPronounce
It
10 Ten
11 Eleven
12 Twelve
13 Thirteen
14 Fourteen
15 Fifteen
16 Sixteen
17 Seventeen
18 Eighteen
19 Nineteen
20 Twenty
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More numbers (21 - 1000)
Whole numbers 21 to 1000
In figures In words
21 twenty-one
22 twenty-two
23 twenty-three
24 twenty-four
25 twenty-five
26 twenty-six
27 twenty-seven
28 twenty-eight
29 twenty-nine
30 thirty
40 fourty
50 fifty
60 sixty
70 seventy
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80 eighty
90 ninety
100 a hundred
101 a hundred and one
200 two hundred
300 three hundred
400 four hundred
500 five hundred
600 six hundred
700 seven hundred
800 eight hundred
900 nine hundred
1000 a thousand
Ordinal numbers (1 - 1000)
Ordinal Numbers
Cardinal numbers express quantity: two eggs (2 eggs), thirty-five people (35 people) etc...
Ordinal numbers indicate order or rank: first (1st), second (2nd), third (3rd) etc...
The definite article"the" normally goes in front of any ordinal number: e.g. "Queen Elizabeth the
second."
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For most ordinal numbers, the ending '-th' is used, with one or two exceptions for those inevitable
irregular numbers:-
CARDINAL NUMERAL
IN WORDSORDINAL NUMERAL
IN WORDS
1 one 1st the first
2 two 2nd the second
3 three 3rd the third
5 five 5th the fifth
9 nine 9th the ninth
12 twelve 12th the twelfth
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Ordinal numbers 1 to 19
In figures In words
1st the first
2nd the second
3rd the third
4th the fourth
5th the fifth
6th the sixth
7th the seventh
8th the eighth
9th the ninth
10th the tenth
11th the eleventh
12th the twelfth
13th the thirteenth
14th the fourteenth
15th the fifteenth
16th the sixteenth
17th the seventeenth
18th the eighteenth
19th the nineteenth
Ordinal numbers such as 21st, 33rd etc are formed by combining a CARDINAL ten with an
ORDINAL unit.
The "y" of "twenty", "thirty", "forty", etc. is changed to "ieth":-
In figures In words
20th the twentieth
21st the twenty-first
22nd the twenty-second
23rd the twenty-third
24th the twenty-fourth
25th the twenty-fifth
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26th the twenty-sixth
27th the twenty-seventh
28th the twenty-eighth
29th the twenty-ninth
30th the thirtieth
40th the fortieth
50th the fiftieth
60th the sixtieth
70th the seventieth
80th the eightieth
90th the ninetieth
100th the hundredth
101st the hundred and first
1000th the thousandth
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