summertime thermal comfort analysis & building regulations ...€¦ · be the definitive summertime...

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Summertime Thermal Comfort Analysis & Building

Regulations Part L2A (2013) Assessment Report

RAD Building

University of Nottingham

University Park

Nottingham

NG7 2RD

Project No.: 17-005

Revision: H

Date: 26.06.18

© Richard Tibenham Consulting 2018. All Rights Reserved

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This report has been produced by:

Richard Tibenham (Director) Greenlite Energy Assessors 11 Yarborough Terrace Lincoln LN1 1HN T: 01522 581234 E: [email protected] For: James Gilmour MIES Building Services Resource House Phoenix Park Millennium Way E Nottingham NG8 6AR Revision Notes:

Revision: Date: Notes: Assembled by:

DRAFT 12.04.17 - Based on information provided by client and using suitable assumptions where necessary.

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A 28.04.17

- Radiator controls details added. - TM52 outcomes updated to account for non-occupied areas. - BREEAM Hea04 Thermal Comfort information added. - Passivhaus overheating metric outcomes added - Additional detailed commentary on thermal comfort added.

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B 22.06.17

- Mechanical ventilation rates updated. - Mechanical ventilation thermostatic time switching period updated. - Over door heater relocated. - Roof lights above atrium added. - East facing curtain glazing added. - Roof top access hatches added. - Elemental U-Values and glazing characteristics updated. - Air permeability rate updated. - Laboratory equipment gains increased to 25W/m².

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C 23.07.17

- BR’s Part L2A Section added. - 10% renewable energy local planning policy statement added. - Minor changes to room layouts and removal of smoke vents above stairwells (applicable to Part L model only within this revision).

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D 03.08.17 - 38m² PV array added to achieve 5% reduction in CO₂ emissions beyond BER for purposes of BREEAM.

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Revision: Date: Notes: Assembled by:

E 12.09.17

- Cladding arrangements revised based on Lewis & Hickey drawing N6253-120 Rev I. - Opening Windows assigned based on architects marked-up drawings, using advised free-opening area calculations. - Brise-soliel added to windows. - Mechanical supply and extract added within the atrium, via AHU01. - Swegon AHU heat efficiency data updated.

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F 30.11.17 - Equipment gains within rooms D08-D14 updated and thermal outcomes revised accordingly.

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G 31.05.18

- Incorporates revisions to HVAC flow rates and set-points and subsequent agreements following site meeting of 15.05.18. - Roof lights reconfigured. - Additional information pertaining to Passvhaus compliance added.

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H 26.06.18

- Br’s Part L2A As-Built data added. - Additional graph added displaying thermal conditions in Professors Office B13. - PV array data included. - As-Built air permeability included in Part L2A model.

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Contents:

1.0 Executive Summary p.4

2.0 Introduction p.5

3.0 Overview of the Building p.10

4.0 DTM Assessment Data Inputs p.14

5.0 CIBSE TM52 Requirements p.56

6.0 CIBSE TM52 Simulation Outcomes p.58

7.0 BREEAM Hea04 Thermal Comfort p.61

8.0 Passivhaus Thermal Comfort Metric p.65

9.0 Part L2A (2013) Assessment & Renewable Energy p.69

Planning Policy Statement

10.0 Conclusions, Comments & Recommendations p.84

Appendix A: Certificates of Competency

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1.0 Executive Summary MIES Building Services (MIES) have appointed Greenlite Energy Assessors to undertake a dynamic thermal model of the proposed ‘RAD Building’ at the University of Nottingham. The purpose of this thermal model is to demonstrate that suitable summertime indoor temperatures are achievable, in order to satisfy the requirements of thermal comfort metric CIBSE TM52, as assessed at concept design stage by Couch Perry Wilkes. In addition, the building targets the first two credits of BREEAM issue Hea04 Thermal Comfort. CIBSE TM52 compliance has been agreed to be the definitive summertime overheating metric, however outcomes under the Passivhaus overheating metric are also provided for reference purposes. A Part L2A (2013) compliance assessment and review of local planning policy concerning the provision of renewable energy systems are also included. A detailed thermal model has been carried out using IES Virtual Environment software, adhering to the guidance of CIBSE AM11 Building Performance Modelling. The model has been based on information provided by MIES, Etude Passivhaus designers and using suitable interpretations and assumptions in respect of HVAC system controls where required. It is concluded that all occupied rooms in the building shall satisfy the requirements of CIBSE TM52 when tested against CIBSE Nottingham DSY 2005 weather data, where internal blinds are fitted as recommended. When combined with the demonstration that wintertime operative temperatures are also met, as described within the Greenlite report Heating & Cooling System Sizing Report (Draft) 28.04.17, this satisfies the requirements of the first credit attainable under BREEAM Hea04. The second credit under BREEAM Hea04 is assessed not to be attainable under the current specification, which requires that CIBSE TM52 compliance is demonstrated under a 2030 ‘future climate change scenario’. Compliance with the Passivhaus overheating metric is met in all occupied areas, though several non-occupied areas, including breakout spaces, are accounted not to meet the targeted conditions. As with CIBSE TM52 compliance, since these areas are considered non-occupied areas, this is considered to be acceptable and full compliance with the Passivhaus overheating metric is accounted to be met. The outcomes of the analysis suggest that there is no requirement for mechanical cooling within rooms D08-D14, in light of revised internal gains data in these zones. However, this is based upon the assumption that the cooling systems proposed to serve equipment in these areas limit internal gains to the levels advised. The report describes how the achievement of Passivhaus and CIBSE TM52 compliance are design challenges which sometimes work against one another. The challenge to achieve both performance targets means that the design of the building must tread a fine line between achieving thermal comfort requirements, whilst at the same time not incurring excessive energy demand. Observations are noted which should aid future Passivhaus projects, by ensuring that both the architectural design and the building services work as an integrated system to facilitate reduced-risk compliance under both Passivhaus and CIBSE TM52 performance targets. Part L2A (2013) Criteria 1 & 2 of Part L2A (2013) are found to be satisfied, however two zones are highlighted to fail Criterion 3 of the code (limiting the effect of heat gains in summer). It is concluded that in both instances the outcomes of the Criterion 3 assessment are misleading, as there is no evidence that solar gains shall incur excessive heat gains in these zones. It is assessed that the CO₂ emission rate of the building is 22% below the minimum Part L2A 2013 pass level without any renewable energy generation. Therefore, it is concluded that no renewable energy generation shall be necessary in order to satisfy local planning policy alone. However, an array producing a yield of 4,684kWh/yr has been included in order to achieve a further ≥5% reduction in CO2 emissions through renewable energy generation, as required by BREEAM.

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Greenlite Energy Assessors are CIBSE Low Carbon Consultants and are certified to carry out Level 3,4 & 5 Energy Performance Certificates to meet the requirements of the energy performance of buildings regulations in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, and, low carbon building design to comply with the building regulations and the energy performance of buildings directive in the united kingdom, and, perform computer software simulation evaluations of environmental performance of buildings related to building regulations in the united kingdom. Appendix A of this report contains these certifications. Disclaimer This report estimates the thermal behaviour of the proposed RAD Building at the University of Nottingham, using detailed thermal modelling methods. Assumptions are made within this process, which may not occur in practice (for instance the internal gains accounted for). Whilst Greenlite take great care in assembling simulations which provide an accurate depiction of reality, certain variables are difficult to predict –in particular the weather. As such, the data contained within this report is purely advisory and for the purposes of satisfying CIBSE TM52 & Passivhaus overheating metric requirements only. Higher or lower temperatures than those simulated may occur if weather conditions deviate sufficiently from those modelled. It therefore remains the responsibility of others to design and construct the building appropriately.

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2.0 Introduction A dynamic thermal model of the proposed RAD Building at the University of Nottingham has been undertaken using IES Virtual Environment software. The simulation is based on data provided by MIES, Etude Passivhaus Designers and using suitable interpretations of HVAC controls following the site meeting of May 15th, where the control of HVAC was discussed and agreed with relevant parties, including representatives from Schneider Electric, Swegon, WARM Consultants, Etude and MIES. The purpose of the analysis is to establish whether the internal temperatures simulated within the model achieve the requirements of the CIBSE summertime thermal comfort metric TM52 when based on Design Summer Year 2005 weather data. In addition, the analysis is also required to demonstrate whether the building is capable of achieving compliance with the first two credits available under BREEAM issue Hea04 Thermal Comfort, and whether the building demonstrates compliance with the Passivhaus design code overheating metric. This report describes in detail the inputs into the IES thermal simulations which have been used to assess these performance levels. The requirements of the TM52 thermal comfort metric, BREEAM Hea04 and the Passivhaus overheating metric are described, and the outcomes of the simulation discussed. Further to the assessment of summertime thermal comfort, this report also concerns the building regulations Part L2A (2013), which the building is subject to. The building design has been assessed using a Part L2A Level 5 Dynamic Simulation Method (DSM) assessment. This report provides a commentary of the requirements of Part L2A (2013), the inputs made into the DSM assessment, and the outcomes of this assessment in respect of Criteria 1-5 of Part L2A (2013).

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Inputs into the assessment are based on, but not exclusive to, the following: Lewis and Hickey Architects’ Data: N6253-200(A) Proposed Level A Setting Out N6253-201(A) Proposed Level B Setting Out N6253-201(A) Proposed Level C Setting Out N6253-201 Proposed Level D Setting Out N6253-106(A) Combined Roof Plan N6253-120 (I) Proposed Elevations N6253-120 (I) Proposed Elevations (with opening window mark-ups) N6253-130 Proposed Sections N6253-300(A) Proposed Sections Sheet 1 N6253-301(A) Proposed Sections Sheet 2 N6253-210(A) Partition Types Level A Layouts N6253-211(A) Partition Types Level B Layouts N6253-212(A) Partition Types Level C Layouts N6253-213(A) Partition Types Level D Layouts N6253-483(D) Proposed Entrance Lobby N6253-494(B) Window Detail-Opening Lamilux Rooflight Detail H 109698A00 MIES Mechanical Data: MIES-1372-E201_AI Lighting & Emergency Lighting Level A MIES-1372-E202_AI Lighting & Emergency Lighting Level B MIES-1372-E203_AI Lighting & Emergency Lighting Level C MIES-1372-E204_AI Lighting & Emergency Lighting Level D MIES-1372-M001 Ventilation Schematics (Sheet 1 of 3) MIES-1372-M002 Ventilation Schematics (Sheet 1 of 3) MIES-1372-M003 Ventilation Schematics (Sheet 1 of 3) MIES-1372-M101 Ventilation Level A MIES-1372-M102 Ventilation Level B MIES-1372-M103 Ventilation Level C MIES-1372-M104 Ventilation Level D MIES-1372-M201 Domestic Services Level A MIES-1372-M201 Domestic Services Level B MIES-1372-M201 Domestic Services Level C MIES-1372-M201 Domestic Services Level D Swegon Quotation No G799307 date 03/08/2017 Lewis & Hickey N6253 103 Rev E (Level D Labs Internal Gains) Schneider Electric Settings Schedule Issue C1

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Etude Passivhaus Design Data: Window PHPP Markup Rev H Heating + DHW Markup Rev A RAD Building Vent Calculations Rev B, inc MIES Proposed Ventilation Rates Advised window free-opening area calculations (via e-mail)

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3.0 Overview of the Building

3.1 Overview of the Dynamic Thermal Model The UoN RAD Building is a laboratory facility with office accommodation. The building shall be constructed to Passivhaus standards, providing exceptional levels of thermal insulation, air tightness and energy efficiency. The building houses various types of laboratory space, some of which span two or more floors. A full height void is present above the entrance reception area, with break-out zone balconies on each floor above. The building is orientated with its longitudinal axis running north to south. Laboratory areas are to the south of the building, with office accommodation to the north. Glazing is principally located on the north, east and west, elevations, with a lesser degree of glazing to the south elevation. A large fixed skylight is located above the atrium to the west of the building. The building is to be constructed using structural insulated panels (SIPs), with concrete intermediate floors. The ground floor construction shall be an insulated ground contact floor slab. The roof construction shall be an externally insulated concrete deck. Only a small number of areas are specified with suspended ceilings. The majority of areas benefit from the thermal mass available in exposed intermediate floor slabs, and the roof construction. Glazing shall be triple glazed units throughout, with opening windows specified to the office areas to the north end of the building. Glazing to the laboratory areas to the south of the building shall be fixed. The majority of the building shall be heated via LTHW heating coils located within 3Nr air handling units, providing tempered supply air to the building. Office spaces shall also be heated via local wet radiators or via high level radiant panels. An over door heater shall be present in the reception area. Mechanical cooling shall only be present within the comms room and within Laboratory 3 (A15). No cooling coils are specified within the air handling units, therefore with exception to the comms room and Lab 3 (A15), all cooling capacity is to be provided via the mechanical ventilation systems. A chiller shall be present to provide process cooling to equipment located in Level D Labs. The chiller serves specific pieces of equipment and does not condition the wider room. Therefore these cooling systems are consider ‘process loads’ and are not accounted for within the Part L2A analysis. Air handling units shall effectively be equipped with heat recovery by-pass dampers, by way of regulating the speed of the thermal wheels contained within the AHUs. The AHUs shall aim to provide air temperatures of between 18-22°C. This shall be achieved via the speed regulation of AHU thermal wheels. The speed of rotation shall be dictated by the ventilation extract temperature at the point at which it reaches the AHU. The AHU will always attempt to initially recover thermal energy from the extract air stream in order to raise the supply air temperature to the desired set-point. Where heat recovery proves insufficient to raise temperatures above 18°C, LPHW heating coils shall become active to raise supply temperatures to 18°C. Local wet radiators shall provide any further shortfall in space heating demand when necessary. The thermal wheels are assigned to stop (i.e provide no heat recovery) at extract air temperatures >22°C unless the extract air temperature is below the external air temperature. The regulation of ventilation supply to individual rooms shall be controlled using local VAV boxes. These are typically calibrated to provide two levels of ventilation; a ‘set-back’ (VAV min) ventilation rate and a boosted rate of ventilation (VAV max). VAV boxes are capable of providing either VAV min or VAV max flow rates, and are not capable of steady actuation between these set-points. Several VAV boxes do not have a set-back ventilation rate and are capable of providing ventilation at 0l/s or the VAV max rate.

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The building is ventilated seven days per week, anticipating that the building will be accessible and conditioned suitably for use during the week and weekends. Ventilation within this simulation is assigned to be active seven days per week, however building occupancy is only accounted for between Monday and Friday. It is important to acknowledge that it is the occupied period which is assessed against CIBSE TM52 criteria (weekends are accounted not to be occupied in this simulation). Supply rates to rooms shall be regulated during the day using two mechanisms and are based on the VAV set-points described in the Schneider Electric Settings Schedule C1. Daytime ventilation is active from 06:00-19:00 Mon-Sun. At a minimum, this provides the set-back (VAV min) ventilation rates to rooms which are assigned a minimum set-back rate. Rooms which are not served with a minimum set-back rate are not served by any ventilation, unless triggered by other mechanisms, as described below. VAV boxes shall also be controlled using PIR sensors. PIR sensors trigger the VAV boxes to move into a VAV Min position if VAV boxes are not already in this position. PIR sensors are accounted to be active during the entirety of the occupied period of each room. Note that these periods of occupancy run Mon-Fri and are allocated on a room-by-room basis as defined in Table 10. In addition to PIR controls, VAV boxes are also controlled using local room thermostats. These thermostats are assigned to increase the ventilation supply & extract rate to the boosted ‘VAV max’ position when internal temperatures exceed a specific temperature set-point during the period 06:00-19:00 Mon-Sun. This helps prevent overheating in the building. Note that this functionality is available Monday to Sunday. Lab 2, Lab 3 & Lab 4 are equipped with fume cupboards. In order to balance extract from fume cupboards, supply rates are assigned additional ‘Mid Vol (1)’ & ‘Mid Vol (2)’ supply settings. These are not accounted for in this simulation. Whilst high rates of ventilation using fume cupboards could essentially be used to address overheating issues, this is not their intended use. Fume cupboards are not accounted to be used, and the higher rates of ventilation necessary to balance these additional extract rates is not applied in this simulation. A night time purge ventilation cycle is accessible during the period 00:00-06:00 Mon-Sun from May 1st to Sept 30th. During the night time purge cycle, local VAV boxes dictate the flow rate to each zone based on local thermostats. Where the room air temperature is >23°C, the boost rate of VAV max ventilation shall be supplied. At 14°C. At external air temperatures

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3.2 Model Geometry Screenshots of the construction geometry used within the IES simulations are shown below: Fig 1: Isometric view from West:

Fig 2: Isometric view from North:

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Fig 3: Isometric view from East:

Fig 4: Isometric view from South:

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4.0 DTM Assessment Data Inputs 4.1 Construction Materials Schedule:

The following construction fabric data has been input into the simulation based on the advice of MIES. Table 1: Thermal Envelope U-Values

Element Composition U-Value (W/m².K)

Thermal Mass KJ/(m².K)

External Walls

External Walls (SIPS)

- 18mm OSB - 152mm PUR Rigid Foam Insulation - 18mm OSB - 100mm Clear Cavity - 25mm Gypsum Plasterboard - 3mm Gypsum Plaster Skim

0.136 22.96

External Walls (SIPS; Parapet Walls)

- 18mm OSB - 110mm PUR Rigid Foam Insulation - 18mm OSB - 100mm Clear Cavity - 25mm Gypsum Plasterboard - 3mm Gypsum Plaster Skim

0.182 22.96

Ground & Exposed Floors

Ground Contact Floor Construction

~235mm PUR Rigid Foam Insulation -150mm Cast Concrete Ground Slab -50mm Screed

0.09 145.40

Roof

Flat Roof Construction - 5mm Breathable Membrane - 195mm PUR Rigid Foam Insulation - 280mm Cast Concrete Deck

0.11 190.00

Intermediate Floors

Intermediate Floors (Painted) - 50mm screed - 250mm Cast Concrete

2.00 190.00

Intermediate Floors (Carpeted) - 50mm screed - 250mm Cast Concrete

1.55 190.00

Suspended Ceilings* - 13mm Gypsum Plasterboard - 3mm Plastering

3.54 6.20

*Only in locations shown on architects reflected ceiling plans.

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Internal Partitions

Lightweight Partitions Types A & B

- 3mm Gypsum Plaster Skim - 25mm Gypsum plasterboard - 40m Fibre-glass Acoustic Insulation - 60mm unventilated void - 25mm Gypsum Plasterboard - 3mm Gypsum Plaster Skim

0.56 21.75

Masonry Partition Type A

- 3mm Gypsum Plaster Skim - 15mm Gypsum Plasterboard - 10mm Dot & Dab Cavity - 140mm Medium Density Blockwork - 10mm Dot & Dab Cavity - 15mm Gypsum Plasterboard - 3mm Gypsum Plaster Skim

0.94 108.97

Masonry Partition Type B

- 3mm Gypsum Plaster Skim - 15mm Gypsum Plasterboard - 10mm Dot & Dab Cavity - 140mm Medium Density Blockwork

1.28 114.24

Masonry Partition Type C

- 3mm Gypsum Plaster Skim - 15mm Gypsum Plasterboard - 10mm Dot & Dab Cavity - 200mm Medium Density Blockwork

1.14 136.00

Doors

Internal Doors - 40mm chipboard

2.29 33.48

External Opaque Doors & Rooftop Hatches

- 2mm steel sheet - 11mm PUR Rigid Foam Board - 2mm steel sheet

1.50 7.48

4.1.1 Glazing:

! The thermal performance of glazing has been input based on the guidance of MIES. Note that internal curtain glazing and entrance doors to the Entrance Lobby are assigned as triple glazed and of same specification as the external curtain glazing and entrance doors. Internal blinds are accounted to be assigned to room B13 curtain glazing windows only. The blind is accounted to provide a combined glazing + blind g-value of 0.33. The responsibility to achieve this level of perfromance lies with others. No internal blinds have been assigned to any other windows in the building. Table 2: Glazing Parameters

Glazing Type U-Value (W/m².K)

Frame factor

g-value

Lt-value

Outside Reflectance

Internal Emissivity Glazing Frame Total

External Glazing (1,000mm wide) 0.52 0.75 0.58 27% 0.41 0.55 30% 0.10

External Glazing (500mm wide) 0.52 0.66 0.58 43% 0.41 0.55 30% 0.10

Curtain Glazing (corners) 0.52 1.43 0.58 7% 0.41 0.55 30% 0.10

Curtain Glazing (B13 only) 0.52 1.43 0.58 7% 0.33 0.43 30% 0.10

Curtain Glazing (Inset) 0.52 0.76 0.58 27% 0.41 0.55 30% 0.10

Entrance Doors (External) 0.78 4.41 1.50 20% 0.41 0.55 30% 0.10

Entrance Doors (Internal) 0.50 0.78 0.55 20% 0.42 0.55 30% 0.10

Draft Lobby glazing (internal & external)

0.50 0.78 0.55 20% 0.42 0.55 30% 0.10

Roof lights above Atrium 0.80 0.80 0.80 10% 0.41 0.55 30% 0.10

Internal screens 3.74 2.42 3.47 20% 0.86 0.76 7% 0.84

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Glazing characteristics have been applied as follows: Fig 5: Allocation of glazing types – South and West Elevation:

Fig 6: Allocation of glazing types – North and East elevation:

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Fig 7: Allocation of glazing types – East elevation reveal:

Fig 8: Glazing type legend

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4.1.2 Air Permeability: Air permeability has been input based on the design air leakage rate of 1.3m³/(m².hr)@50Pa. Based on the envelope area and volume of the building, this equates to an air leakage rate of 0.47ach at 50Pa. Infiltration has been assigned to regulate based on wind speed, with the maximum infiltration rate equalling 0.03170 ach. This figure aligns with the guidance of CIBSE Guide A, which notes that under normal operational conditions, the infiltration rate will be approximately 1/60th that of the rate incurred under test conditions at 50pa. The average infiltration rate under normal operational conditions is accounted to be 0.00782 ach. For Part L2A compliance purposes, an air leakage rate of 1.68m³/(hr.m²)@50Pa has been accounted for based on the air pressure test undertaken by HRS on the 8th June 2018. Note therefore that the DTM outcomes are currently based on a level of design air leakage slightly lower than that achieved in practice.

4.1.3 Thermal Bridging IES does not explicitly model non-repeating thermal bridges. Therefore, the simulation effectively accounts for thermal bridge free detailing at all construction element junctions. No additional losses are accounted for within the elemental U-Values for repeating thermal bridges. It is assumed that these will be calculated as part of the overall elemental U-Values. Inclusion of parapet walls has been included however, therefore accounting for some additional heat loss from this detail. 4.2 Software: The software used to undertake this study is IES Virtual Environment 2017 Version 2017.1.0.0 For the purposes of this task, the following IES software modules have been employed:

• IES Model IT; Building Modeller • IES Suncast; Solar Shading Analysis • IES Apache; Thermal Simulation Interface • IES ApacheHVAC; HVAC System Simulation Interface • IES MacroFlo; Multi-zone Air Movement • IES VistaPro; Advanced Analysis • IES RadienceIES; Day Lighting and Electrical Lighting Simulation

4.3 Weather Data: Simulations have been carried out using three sets of weather data:

• CIBSE ‘Design Summer Year’ Nottingham DSY05’ – for that assessment of CIBSE TM52 & for use in the Passivhaus overheating metric assessment.

• University of Exeter PROTHEUS Programme ‘Design Summer Year’ Nottingham DSY2030 a1b 50% percentile’ – for the assessment of the second credit available under BREEAM Hea04, Adaptability for a Projected Climate Change Scenario.

• CIBSE ‘Test Reference Year’ Nottingham TRY05’ – for that assessment of CIBSE TM52, use in the Passivhaus overheating metric assessment and for the calculation of Part L2A (2013) outcomes.

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4.4 HVAC Systems 4.4.1 Mechanical Ventilation HVAC systems have been assigned to the model using the ventilation layouts shown in CPW ventilation schematics, using MIES ventilation calculations and the Schneider Electric Settings Schedule Issue C1. System controls have been assigned as described within the CPW Building Services Specification and superseded where necessary in agreement with MIES and Etude. The building is served by three Swegon AHUs with thermal wheel heat recovery systems. All three systems are controlled in much the same way, using local VAV boxes to regulate air flow. AHUs are simulated to regulate the air flow based on the demand of local VAV boxes, which in practice means that the fan speed of the AHUs will be regulated using differential pressure sensors in the system. The various functions of these systems are described in detail below:

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4.4.1.1 Set-Back Ventilation Capacity AHUs are assigned to provide a degree of set-back ventilation in certain rooms. This provides a degree of background air movement during the opening hours of the building. Some rooms are specified with no set-back ventilation rate. Set-back ventilation rates run annually during the period 06:00-19:00 Mon-Sun based on the rates shown on the Schneider Electric Settings Schedule Issue C1, as follows: Table 3: VAV set back ventilation rates Room Set-Back Ventilation Rate (l/s) AHU A11 Ground Floor E.R.A 0 3 A02 Ground Floor Reception (extract at D01) 180 1 A08 Ground Floor A.P.M Office 0 3 A07 Meeting Room 0 3 A03 Facility Manager 0 3 A15 Lab 4 40 1 A17 Lab 3 60 1 A18 Lab 2 50 1 A19 Lab 1 20 1 A14 3D Atomic Probe 40 1 B07 Academic Office 1 0 3 B10 Academic Office 2 0 3 B11 Academic Office 3 0 3 B12 Academic Office 4 0 3 B13 Professors Office 0 3 B14 Academic Office 6 0 3 B15 Academic Office 5 0 1 B05 Meeting Room 0 3 B06 Meeting Room 0 3 B04 Staff Room 0 3 B18 Lab 3 145 2 B20 Lab 4 145 2 B19 Technical Support 100 1 C08 PDRA Office 0 3 C04 Boardroom 0 3 C09 Tech Office Base 80 1 D06 PHD Students Office 0 3 D08 Electrolyser 60

300 2

D09 Gas Upgrade 40 D10 Storage 65 D11 Fuel Cell 62 D12 CHP Test Cell 46 D14 Control Room 21 D13 Climate Chamber 6

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4.4.1.2 PIR Activated VAV Min Flow Rates: PIR sensors are allocated to allow VAV min flow rates to rooms during occupied time, where occupied time is defined using the appropriate occupancy template for each room, as shown in Table 10. For rooms with set-back ventilation rates, this will have no effect, as the VAV min flow rate is already active 06:00-19:00 Mon-Sun. For rooms where there is no set-back rate, PIR sensors will provide background ventilation at the following rates during occupied time: Table 4: VAV PIR activated minimum air flow rates Room PIR Activated VAV Min Flow

Rate (l/s) AHU

A11 Ground Floor E.R.A 80 3 A02 Ground Floor Reception (extract at D01) 180 1 A08 Ground Floor A.P.M Office 120 3 A07 Meeting Room 60 3 A03 Facility Manager 20 3 A15 Lab 4 40 1 A17 Lab 3 60 1 A18 Lab 2 50 1 A19 Lab 1 20 1 A14 3D Atomic Probe 40 1 B07 Academic Office 1 30 3 B10 Academic Office 2 30 3 B11 Academic Office 3 30 3 B12 Academic Office 4 30 3 B13 Professors Office 30 3 B14 Academic Office 6 30 3 B15 Academic Office 5 30 1 B05 Meeting Room 80 3 B06 Meeting Room 60 3 B04 Staff Room 60 3 B18 Lab 3 145 2 B20 Lab 4 145 2 B19 Technical Support 100 1 C08 PDRA Office 180 3 C04 Boardroom 300 3 C09 Tech Office Base 80 1 D06 PHD Students Office 440 3 D08 Electrolyser 60

300 2


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4.4.1.3 Local Thermostatically Activated VAV Max Flow Rates: Local thermostats regulate the control of VAV Max flow rates. Should a room exceed 24°C during the period 06:00-19:00 Mon-Sun, VAV Max flow rates will be activated. The VAV Max flow rate will continue until the room temperature falls to 23°C. Some rooms are not specified with a rate of ventilation higher than that present during occupied time. Thermostatically activated VAV Max flow rates are assigned as follows: Table 5: Thermostatically controlled VAV max maximum air flow rates Room Local Thermostatically

Activated VAV Max Flow Rate (l/s)

AHU

A11 Ground Floor E.R.A 80 3 A02 Ground Floor Reception (extract at D01) 500 1 A08 Ground Floor A.P.M Office 120 3 A07 Meeting Room 60 3 A03 Facility Manager 20 3 A15 Lab 4 388 1 A17 Lab 3 394 1 A18 Lab 2 625 1 A19 Lab 1 654 1 A14 3D Atomic Probe 260 1 B07 Academic Office 1 30 3 B10 Academic Office 2 30 3 B11 Academic Office 3 30 3 B12 Academic Office 4 30 3 B13 Professors Office 30 3 B14 Academic Office 6 30 3 B15 Academic Office 5 30 1 B05 Meeting Room 80 3 B06 Meeting Room 60 3 B04 Staff Room 60 3 B18 Lab 3 500 2 B20 Lab 4 500 2 B19 Technical Support 202 1 C08 PDRA Office 180 3 C04 Boardroom 300 3 C09 Tech Office Base 198 1 D06 PHD Students Office 440 3 D08 Electrolyser 366

1832 2


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4.4.1.4 Overview of Ventilation Rates: Shown below is an overview of ventilation rates applied to rooms served with mechanical ventilation: Table 6: Overview of VAV rates by room

Room

Set-Back Ventilation Rate (minimum

ventilation rate during period 06:00-19:00)

PIR Activated Ventilation Rate (minimum

ventilation rate whilst room is occupied)

Thermostatically control boost ventilation rates (maximum

ventilation rate during period 06:00-19:00)

A11 Ground Floor E.R.A 0 80 80 A02 Ground Floor Reception (extract at D01)

180 180 500

A08 Ground Floor A.P.M Office 0 120 120 A07 Meeting Room 0 60 60 A03 Facility Manager 0 20 20 A15 Lab 4 40 40 388 A17 Lab 3 60 60 394 A18 Lab 2 50 50 625 A19 Lab 1 20 20 654 A14 3D Atomic Probe 40 40 260 B07 Academic Office 1 0 30 30 B10 Academic Office 2 0 30 30 B11 Academic Office 3 0 30 30 B12 Academic Office 4 0 30 30 B13 Professors Office 0 30 30 B14 Academic Office 6 0 30 30 B15 Academic Office 5 0 30 30 B05 Meeting Room 0 80 80 B06 Meeting Room 0 60 60 B04 Staff Room 0 60 60 B18 Lab 3 145 145 500 B20 Lab 4 145 145 500 B19 Technical Support 100 100 202 C08 PDRA Office 0 180 180 C04 Boardroom 0 300 300 C09 Tech Office Base 80 80 198 D06 PHD Students Office 0 440 440 D08 Electrolyser 60

300

60

300

366

1832

D09 Gas Upgrade 40 40 294 D10 Storage 65 65 400 D11 Fuel Cell 62 62 376 D12 CHP Test Cell 46 46 280 D14 Control Room 21 21 126 D13 Climate Chamber 6 6 40

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4.4.1.5 Heat Recovery Control: All three Swegon AHUs aim to provide supply air temperatures between 18°C-22°C during the period 06:00-19:00 Mon-Sun Jan-Dec. This is achieved via the speed control of thermal wheels in each AHU. When the external air temperature is below 22°C, the AHU thermal wheel will aim to provide a supply air temperature of 22°C if the return (extract) air temperature falls below 18°C. It will continue to aim to provide a supply air temperature of 22°C until the return air temperature exceeds 20°C. When the external air temperature is below 22°C, the AHU thermal wheel will aim to provide a supply air temperature of 20-22°C if the return (extract) air temperature falls below 20°C. At a return air temperature of 20°C, the AHU thermal wheel will aim to provide a supply air temperature of 22°C. As the return air temperature tends towards 22°C, the AHU thermal wheel will aim to provide a supply air temperature of 20°C. The AHU thermal wheel will continue to aim to provide a supply air temperature of 20-22°C until the return air temperature exceeds 22°C. When the external air temperature is below 22°C, the AHU thermal wheel will aim to provide a supply air temperature of 18°C if the return (extract) air temperature exceeds 22°C. When the external air temperature is above 22°C, the incoming air supply has no means by which to cool the supply air temperature below 22°C. The AHU operates in full ‘by-pass’ mode (thermal wheel stationary), and supplies air at the external air temperature. It continues to do so unless the external air temperature exceeds the return air temperature, in which case, the thermal wheel begins to turn again in order to recover coolth from the return air stream, targeting a supply air temperature equal to the return air temperature. The AHU will aim not to permit a supply temperature below 18°C during occupied hours 06:00-19:00 Mon-Sun. The return air temperature forms a weighted average of room extract air temperatures, with a weighting given to the extract rate from each room.

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Evidence that the AHU thermal wheel behaves in this manner in the simulation is shown below: Fig 9: AHU Behaviour Example A (AHU3 17th August):

1. All rooms served by AHU 3 do not account for a set-back ventilation rate. Ventilation is dormant 06:00-06:45.

2. First room on network exceeds 24°C. Ventilation becomes active based on thermostatic trigger at VAV Max rate in first room.

3. Second room on network exceeds 24°C. Ventilation becomes active based on thermostatic trigger at VAV Max rate in second room.

4. Ventilation room supply air temperature (supply air temperature after thermal wheel) tracks 18°C until external air temperature (supply air temperature before thermal wheel) exceeds 18°C. Supply air temperature tracks external air temperature (i.e no heat recovery) until point 5.

5. External air temperature (supply air temperature before thermal wheel) exceeds return air temperature. Heat recovery becomes active, targeting a supply air temperature equal to the return air temperature. Supply air temperature falls below external air temperature, close to the return air temperature (retaining coolth), unit point 6, when the external air temperature falls below the return air temperature once again.

1. Supply air volume flow (after thermal wheel) (obscured by 2.) 2. Supply air volume flow (before thermal wheel) 3. Return air volume flow (before thermal wheel) (obscured by 2.)

4. Supply air temperature (after thermal wheel)

5. Return air temperature (before thermal wheel)

6. Supply air temperature (before thermal wheel)

Building occupied period 06:00-19:00

1

3

5 6

4

2

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Fig 10: AHU Behaviour Example B (AHU2 3rd December):

1. Set-back ventilation rate becomes active at 06:00. 2. PIR triggered VAV min ventilation rate becomes triggered in a room. 3. Thermostatically triggered VAV max ventilation rate becomes active in a room. 4. Thermostatically triggered VAV max ventilation rate becomes reactivated in a room.

5. Return air temperature drops as consequence of VAV max ventilation rate.

6. Supply air temperature stabilised at 18-20°C based on return air temperatures of 20-22°C. 20°C target supply air temperature not fully achieved through heat recovery.

7. Return air temperature exceeds 22°C. Heat recovery rate reduces, returning supply air temperature to 18°C.


4. Supply air temperature after thermal wheel



Building occupied period 06:00-19:00

1

2

3 4 6

7 5

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4.4.1.6 Night Time Purge Ventilation: Night time purge ventilation is accessible from May 1st to September 30th, during the hours of 00:00-06:00 Mon-Sun. Night time purge ventilation offers two ventilation rates based on VAV min and VAV max set points as shown in Table 7 below. The VAV min ventilation rate of the night time purge ventilation cycle becomes active during the accessible time period when:

1. The internal room temperature exceeds 21°C. The VAV min ventilation rate shall continue until the room air temperature falls to 19°C. If the room air temperature then rises, the VAV min ventilation rate shall not become active again until the room air temperature exceeds 21°C.

AND 2. The external air temperature is at least 1°C lower than the room air temperature.

The VAV max ventilation rate of the night time purge ventilation cycle becomes active during the accessible time period when:

1. The internal room temperature exceeds 25°C. The VAV max ventilation rate shall continue until the room air temperature falls to 24°C. If the room air temperature then rises, the VAV max ventilation rate shall not become active again until the room air temperature exceeds 25°C.

AND

2. The external air temperature is at least 1°C lower than the room air temperature.

The fan speed control logic of the night time purge ventilation cycle aims to reduce air temperatures to 19-21°C prior to building occupancy during the period May-September. In practice, rooms rarely fall to the lower end of this target range. The higher VAV max ventilation rates are only applied under high temperature scenarios, when internal air temperature remain >25°C after midnight. This control logic therefore conserves energy by only applying higher ventilation rates when necessary.

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Table 7: Night purge ventilation VAV supply rates

Room Night Time Purge VAV min Ventilation Rates (l/s). Active at room temperature >19°C

Night Time Purge VAV max Ventilation Rates (l/s). Active at room temperature >25°C

A11 Ground Floor E.R.A 80 80 A02 Ground Floor Reception (extract at D01)

180 500

A08 Ground Floor A.P.M Office 120 120 A07 Meeting Room 60 60 A03 Facility Manager 20 20 A15 Lab 4 40 388 A17 Lab 3 60 394 A18 Lab 2 50 625 A19 Lab 1 20 654 A14 3D Atomic Probe 40 260 B07 Academic Office 1 30 30 B10 Academic Office 2 30 30 B11 Academic Office 3 30 30 B12 Academic Office 4 30 30 B13 Professors Office 30 30 B14 Academic Office 6 30 30 B15 Academic Office 5 30 30 B05 Meeting Room 80 80 B06 Meeting Room 60 60 B04 Staff Room 60 60 B18 Lab 3 145 500 B20 Lab 4 145 500 B19 Technical Support 100 202 C08 PDRA Office 180 180 C04 Boardroom 300 300 C09 Tech Office Base 80 198 D06 PHD Students Office 440 440 D08 Electrolyser 60

300

366

1832

D09 Gas Upgrade 40 294 D10 Storage 65 400 D11 Fuel Cell 62 376 D12 CHP Test Cell 46 280 D14 Control Room 21 126 D13 Climate Chamber 6 40

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During the night time purge ventilation cycle, the AHU thermal wheels aim to regulate supply air temperatures between 14-16°C. The AHU thermal wheels will aim to provide a supply air temperature of 16°C if the return (extract) air temperature falls below 14°C. It will continue to aim to provide a supply air temperature of 16°C until the return air temperature exceeds 15°C. The AHU thermal wheels will aim to provide a supply air temperature of 14-16°C if the return (extract) air temperature falls below 16°C. At a return air temperature of 14°C, the AHU thermal wheel will aim to provide a supply air temperature of 16°C. As the return air temperature tends towards 16°C, the AHU thermal wheels will aim to provide a supply air temperature of 14°C. The AHU thermal wheels will continue to aim to provide a supply air temperature of 14-16°C until the return air temperature exceeds 16°C. The AHU thermal wheel will aim to provide a supply air temperature of 14°C if the return (extract) air temperature exceeds 16°C. At no point will the supply air temperature fall below 14°C during the night time purge ventilation cycle. Evidence that the AHU thermal wheels behave in this manner within the simulation is shown below:

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Fig 11: AHU Behaviour Example C (AHU3 20th & 21st August):

1. Night time purge ventilation period Weds June 20th. 2. Night time purge ventilation period Thurs June 21st. 3. Ventilation dormant during period 19:00-00:00. 4. Night time purge ventilation becomes active at 00:00 at VAV max ventilation rate in some rooms. 5. Night time purge ventilation falls from VAV max rate to VAV min in a room. 6. Night time purge supply air temperature held at 14°C based on return air temperature and supply air

temperature (before thermal wheel) conditions.

1 2

00:00-

06:00

00:00-

06:00

3

4

5

6


4. Supply air temperature after thermal wheel



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4.4.1.6 Frost Protection Cycle The ventilation system is assigned controls to allow the system to provide ventilation at VAV Min rates should any room fall to

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Night time purge ventilation period Weds 20th. 2. Night time purge ventilation period Thurs 21st. 3. Ventilation dormant during period 19:00-00:00. 4. Night time purge ventilation becomes active at 00:00 at VAV max ventilation rate in some rooms. 5. Night time purge ventilation falls from VAV max rate to VAV min in a room. 6. Night time purge supply air temperature held at 14°C based on return air temperature and supply air

temperature (before thermal wheel).

Fig 12: LPHW Heating Coil Behaviour in January (external air temperature 0- -3°C):

1. Ventilation begins at 06:00.

2. Thermal wheel unable to provide supply air at or above 18°C. 3. LPHW heating coil tops up supply temperature to 18°C. 4. Thermal wheel able to provide supply air at 18°C. LPHW heating coil becomes inactive. 5. Thermal wheel becomes unable to provide supply at or above 18°C. LPHW heating coil becomes

active again. 6. Ventilation ceases at 19:00.

1. Ventilation supply flow volume before heating coil (obscured by 2.) 2. Ventilation supply flow volume after heating coil

3. Ventilation supply air temperature after thermal wheel & before heating coil

4. Ventilation supply air temperature after thermal wheel & after heating coil

5. External air temperature

2

3 4

5

6 1

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4.4.2 LPHW Radiator Circuits & Over Door Heater Radiator heating is assigned to zones identified as having radiator heating on CPW heating philosophy drawings. All zones served by radiator heating are assigned a heating set-point of 21°C during the period 06:00-19:00 Mon-Sun. A 12°C set-back temperature is assigned between 19:00-05:00 Mon-Sun. A one hour pre-heat period is present between 05:00-06:00 Mon-Sun, which ramps the set-point between 12°C and 21°C.

Radiators are controlled using logic which allows them to function only when external air temperatures are

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4.5 Natural Ventilation and Bulk Air movement Natural ventilation and bulk air movement have been modelled within the simulation using the IES ‘MacroFlo’ module. Certain external windows are assigned to be openable, as defined on the Etude Window PHPP Markup drawing Rev H, indicating the location of opening windows. The free-opening capacity facilitated by opening windows has been defined based on calculations by Will South of Etude, as expressed in his email dated 08/05/18. The free-opening area calculations also take account of the restricted flow characteristics of the external inverted brise-soliel. Windows are assigned to be openable during occupied time only, which varies on a room-by-room basis dependent upon the occupancy template, as defined within Table 10. When occupied, windows are assigned to begin opening when internal air temperatures are ≥22°C and are assigned to become fully open when internal air temperatures are ≥24°C. Note that there is no control logic to assume that windows will be closed under scenarios where the external air temperature is above the internal air temperature. It is assumed that occupants will not be aware of this condition, unless ‘traffic lights’ style feedback systems are installed to indicate when window opening is appropriate. The personnel doors to Lab 1 (A19) and Lab 2 (A18) and the garage door to Lab 2 (A18) are accounted to be opened should the local air temperature exceed 23°C during occupied time, on the condition that the external air temperature is ≥14°C. Doors are assumed to progressively open, with full opening occurring should the local air temperature exceed 25°C. Remaining external doors to the building are accounted to remain shut at all times. All internal doors are also accounted to remain shut at all times, though these do account for a sufficient amount of tolerance, in order to facilitate mechanical ventilation air transfer paths – as per Passivhaus guidance. Note that slight variation in the free-opening area of windows results from the minor differences in the window areas within the simulation.

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Window opening conditions have been assigned as follows (brise-soleil omitted for clarity): Fig 13: Allocation of natural ventilation opening types – South and West elevation:

Fig 14: Allocation of natural ventilation opening types – North and East elevation:

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Fig 15: Allocation of natural ventilation opening types –East elevation reveal:

Fig 16: Natural ventilation opening types legend:

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Table 8: Natural ventilation flow characteristics

Reference Opening Conditions Usage Template

Fixed Closed Window

Off continuously

Internal Doors (obscured)

Off continuously (with crack flow co-

efficient to allow a

degree of air transfer)

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Internal glazing

(obscured)

Off continuously

Opening Window Profile E (500mm)

Opening Profile E

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Opening Window Profile F (500mm)

Opening Profile F

Opening Window Profile K (500mm)

Opening Profile K

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Opening Window Profile M (500mm)

Opening Profile M

Opening Window Profile N (500mm)

Opening Profile N

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Opening Window Profile E

(1,000mm)

Opening Profile E

Opening Window Profile F

(1,000mm)

Opening Profile F

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Opening Window Profile N

(1,000mm)

Opening Profile N

Louver Always Open

Always on

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Entrance Doors Internal (obscured)

06:00-19:00 Mon-Fri

Lab A18 & A19 Doors

Lab A18 & A19 door profile

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Entrance Doors

External.

06:00-19:00 Mon-Fri

Table 9: Natural ventilation opening parameters

Profile Name Opening Condition Active Period Opening Profile E

Window begins to open at internal air temperature of 22°C, becoming fully open

at 24°C.

08:00-18:00 Mon-Fri Opening Profile F 09:00-18:00 Mon-Fri Opening Profile K 08:00-17:00 Mon-Fri Opening Profile M 08:00-18:00 Mon-Fri Opening Profile N 08:00-17:00 Mon-Fri

Lab A18 & A19 door profile

Window begins to open at internal air temperature of 24°C, becoming fully open at 26°C, only if the external air temperature

is >14°C (with 1°C deadband)

09:00-17:00 Mon-Fri

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4.6 Internal Gains Heat gains within the building can broadly be divided into ‘internal heat gains’ and ‘external heat gains’. External heat gains comprise of heat gains which occur externally to the building, and include; heat gain through solar irradiation, conducted heat gains through the building fabric, infiltration heat gains through uncontrolled ventilation and ventilation heat gains through controlled ventilation. These heat gains are modelled as part of the simulation process, through variables such as the location weather file, building fabric, controlled ventilation parameters and the allocated infiltration rate. Internal heat gains comprise of heat gains which occur internally to the building. These can broadly be broken down into lighting, equipment and occupancy heat gains. These heat gains are input into the assessment based upon information provided by the client, or by using suitable assumed data where detailed information is yet to be provided. As a Passivhaus building, external conditions will have a lesser influence on the internal environment when compared to a more conventional building, however internal gains must be tightly controlled. Excessive internal gains will have a higher impact on a Passivhaus building, particularly if these gains cannot be discharged via the ventilation system. The internal gains accounted for within the simulation account for occupancy, lighting, equipment gains and DHW secondary circulation pipework. Occupancy gains have been modelled based around the occupancy levels quoted within Etude ventilation calculations, with occupancy templates constructed based on the maximum and typical occupancy rates indicated, the typical working hours and diversity factors. All occupants are accounted to incur internal heats gains of 73W (sensible) and 50W (latent). Occupancy profiles are shown in Table 10. These typically account for peak occupancy levels around 13:00, with lower occupancy rates towards the start and end of the day. Lighting gains have been input based on the lighting layout drawings provided by MIES. Where PIR controls are specified, a suitable diversity factor for the room has been applied. Where daylight dimming controls are specified, lighting is assigned to dim such that full lighting gains are only incurred when natural lux levels are equal to zero. Lighting is assigned to dim in a linear manner until natural light lux levels are equal to the artificial lighting design lux, at which point lighting gains cease. Zones with very short occupancy periods such as stores, the plant room and the comms room account for no lighting gains. For sub-zoned multi-level labs, lighting gains are allocated in the upper most zone.

! In most cases, equipment gains follow the same profile as occupancy gains, accounting for the fact that equipment gains are likely to rise and fall with occupancy levels. A 2% standby rate is accounted for during non-occupied time. Internal gains from the comms room are assigned to also fluctuate based upon building occupancy, accounting for high rates of server activity during occupied time. Equipment gains in laboratory rooms D08-D14 have been assigned based upon the advice of MIES. It has been assumed that the internal gains noted on Lewis & Hickey drawing N6253 Rev E are active during the period 09:00-17:00 Mon-Fri. Heat gains totalling 9.3kW have been introduced within rooms D08-D14. Note that no internal heat gains resulting from the operation of the large fuel cell test bed are present. It is assumed that cooling equipment provided to address heat gain from this piece of equipment shall facilitate net zero heat gain into the room. The sizing of this system lies outside the remit of this study. This study accounts for no heat gain from the fuel cell test bed and no chiller.

Heat gains from DHW secondary circulation pipework is also assigned to the simulation, based on the Etude drawing Heating + DHW Markup Rev A. These gains are active at all times. Heat gains total 797.5W, which equates to 2.41W/m² floor area in rooms subject to these gains.

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Table 10: Variation Profiles by Type:

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Table 11: Internal gains profiles by room

Room Occupancy Lighting Equipment Diversity factor (applies to all gain types)

Variation Profile (Mon-Fri)


Dimming Profile


A.CD01 Corridor BRE estimates BRE estimates None BRE estimates 1



A.CD04 Stairwell Lobby BRE estimates BRE estimates None BRE estimates 1

A.ST01 Stair BRE estimates BRE estimates None BRE estimates 1

A.ST02 Stair BRE estimates BRE estimates None BRE estimates 1

A01 Draft Lobby None B A None 1

A02 Reception K K B K 1

A03 Facilities Manager E E B E 0.5

A04 Dis WC BRE estimates BRE estimates None BRE estimates 1

A05 WC BRE estimates BRE estimates None BRE estimates 1

A06 WC BRE estimates BRE estimates None BRE estimates 1

A07 Meeting Room E E B E 0.5

A08 APM Open Plan Office E E B E 0.9

A09 Changing Room BRE estimates BRE estimates None BRE estimates 1

A10 Shower BRE estimates BRE estimates None BRE estimates 1

A11 ERA Open Plan Office E E B E 0.9

A12 Directors Office K K B K 0.5

A13 Plant Room BRE estimates BRE estimates None BRE estimates 1

A14 3D Atom Probe A A A A 1

A15 Laboratory 4 B B A B 1

A16 Clnrs Cupd BRE estimates BRE estimates None BRE estimates 1

A17 Laboratory 3 W C C A C 1

A18 Laboratory 2 D D A D 1

A19 Laboratory 1 E E A E 1

A20 Comp Store None None None None 0

A21 Chem Store None None None None 0

B.CD01 Corridor BRE estimates BRE estimates None BRE estimates 1




B.ST01 Stairwell BRE estimates BRE estimates None BRE estimates 1

B.ST02 Stair BRE estimates BRE estimates None BRE estimates 1

B01 Breakout Area L L None L 0.3

B02 WC BRE estimates BRE estimates None BRE estimates 1

B03 WC BRE estimates BRE estimates None BRE estimates 1

B04 Staffroom K K B K 0.5

B05 Meeting Room E E B E 0.3

B06 Meeting Room E E B E 0.3

B07 Academic Office 1 M M B M 0.5

B08 Clnrs Cupd BRE estimates BRE estimates None BRE estimates 1

B10 Academic Office 2 N N B N 0.5



B13 Professor Office N N B N 0.5



B16 Dis WC BRE estimates BRE estimates None BRE estimates 1

B17 Comms Room None None A None 1

B18 Laboratory 3 H H A H 1

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Table 12: Internal Gains Profiles by Room Cont… Room Occupancy Lighting Equipment Diversity factor

(applies to all gain types)



Dimming Profile


B19 Technical Support F F A F 0.6

B20 Laboratory 4 I I A I 0.9

C.CD01 Corridor BRE estimates BRE estimates None BRE estimates 1



C.ST01 Stair BRE estimates BRE estimates None BRE estimates 1

C.ST02 Stair BRE estimates BRE estimates None BRE estimates 1

C01 Breakout Area E E None E 0.3

CO2 WC BRE estimates BRE estimates None BRE estimates 1

C03 WC BRE estimates BRE estimates None BRE estimates 1

C04 Board Room E E A E 0.5

C05 Kitchen BRE estimates BRE estimates None BRE estimates 1

C06 Dis WC BRE estimates BRE estimates None BRE estimates 1

C07 Clnrs Cupd BRE estimates BRE estimates None BRE estimates 1

C08 PDRA Open Plan Office F F B F 0.6

C09 Tech Office Base G G B G 0.9

D.CD01 Corridor BRE estimates BRE estimates None BRE estimates 1




D.ST01 Stair BRE estimates BRE estimates None BRE estimates 1

D.ST02 Stair BRE estimates BRE estimates None BRE estimates 1

D01 Breakout Area E E None E 0.3

D02 WC BRE estimates BRE estimates None BRE estimates 1

D03 WC BRE estimates BRE estimates None BRE estimates 1

D04 Dis WC BRE estimates BRE estimates None BRE estimates 1

D06 Open Plan Office SW E E None E 0.6

D07 Clnrs Cup'd BRE estimates BRE estimates None BRE estimates 1

D08 Electrolyser Test Bed J J A H 1

D09 Gas Upgrade J J A H 1

D10 Storage J J A H 1

D11 Fuel Test Cell J J A H 1

D12 CHP Test Bed J J A H 1

D13 Climate Chamber J J A H 1

D14 Control Room J J A H 1

D15 Plant Room BRE estimates None None BRE estimates 0

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Table 13: Peak internal gains by room (before variation template or diversity factors are applied):

Peak Internal Gains by Room

Zone Lighting Gain (W)

Occupancy Sensible Gain (W)

Occupancy Latent Gain

(W)

Equipment Sensible Gain (W)

Equipment Latent Gain

(W)

A.CD01 Corridor 28.8 151.3 151.3 37.1 0.0 A.CD02 Corridor 43.2 124.0 124.0 30.4 0.0 A.CD03 Corridor 43.2 139.0 139.0 34.1 0.0 A.LS01 Lift - - - - - A.RS01 Riser - - - - - A.RS01 Riser - - - - - A.ST01 Stair 32.5 28.8 28.8 7.1 0.0 A.ST02 Stair 130.0 149.3 149.3 36.7 0.0 A01 Draft Lobby 64.0 0.5 0.5 13.0 0.0 A02 Reception 174.0 140.0 140.0 67.9 0.0 A03 Facilities Manager 80.1 146.0 100.0 212.5 1.3 A04 Dis WC 27.5 27.9 27.9 17.1 0.0 A05 WC 27.5 17.1 17.1 10.5 0.0 A06 WC 27.5 16.5 16.5 10.1 0.0 A07 Meeting Room 58.2 438.0 300.0 136.4 1.0 A08 APM Open Plan Office NE 116.4 292.0 200.0 420.9 3.2 A08 APM Open Plan Office S 87.3 160.3 109.8 253.7 1.9 A08 APM Open_N Plan_N Office NW 174.6 236.3 161.9 374.1 2.8 A09 Changing Room 27.5 23.0 23.0 16.4 0.0 A10 Shower 27.5 27.4 27.4 19.6 0.0 A11 ERA Open Plan Office 174.6 584.0 400.0 721.4 5.5 A13 Plant Room 121.4 166.8 166.8 300.0 0.0 A14 3D Atom Probe 306.0 390.4 249.6 1004.6 32.1 A15 Laboratory 4 E 306.0 195.2 124.8 686.4 21.9 A15 Laboratory 4 W 153.0 195.2 124.8 804.0 25.7 A16 Clnrs Cupd 3.2 12.5 12.5 0.0 0.0 A17 Laboratory 3 E 306.0 292.8 187.2 689.5 22.0 A17 Laboratory 3 W 153.0 292.8 187.2 804.6 25.7 A18 Laboratory 2 NE 0.0 122.0 78.0 1069.5 34.2 A18 Laboratory 2 NW 0.0 122.0 78.0 897.7 28.7 A18 Laboratory 2 SE 0.0 122.0 78.0 932.1 29.8 A18 Laboratory 2 SW 0.0 122.0 78.0 782.4 25.0 A19 Laboratory 1 N 408.0 97.6 62.4 1504.7 48.1 A19 Laboratory 1 S 408.0 97.6 62.4 1005.9 32.1 A20 Comp Store 60.7 85.4 85.4 0.0 0.0 A21 Chem Store 60.7 72.8 72.8 0.0 0.0 AXX Cleaners Cupd 32.5 33.8 33.8 0.0 0.0 B. RS02 Riser - - - - - B. Void Over Laboratory 2 0.0 - - - - B.CD01 Corridor 57.2 169.0 169.0 41.5 0.0 B.CD02 Corridor 43.2 197.9 197.9 48.6 0.0 B.CD03 Corridor 28.8 55.0 55.0 13.5 0.0 B.CD04 Corridor 43.2 111.9 111.9 27.5 0.0 B.LS01 Lift - - - - - B.RS01 Riser - - - - - B.RS01 Riser - - - - - B.ST01 Stairwell 97.5 70.3 70.3 17.3 0.0 B.ST02 Stairwell 130.0 61.1 61.1 15.0 0.0 B.Void Above Reception 0.0 - - - - B01 Breakout Area 82.5 140.4 96.2 222.2 1.7 B02 WC 27.5 18.4 18.4 11.3 0.0 B03 WC 27.5 18.2 18.2 11.1 0.0 B04 Staffroom 75.2 438.0 300.0 265.6 2.0 B05 Meeting Room 75.2 584.0 400.0 292.2 2.2 B06 Meeting Room 58.2 438.0 300.0 156.8 1.2 B07 Academic Office 1 58.2 219.0 150.0 158.6 1.2

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(W)



(W)

B08 Clnrs Cupd 6.3 25.0 25.0 0.0 0.0 B10 Academic Office 2 58.2 219.0 150.0 155.7 1.2 B11 Academic Office 3 58.2 219.0 150.0 158.6 1.2 B12 Academic Office 4 58.2 219.0 150.0 155.7 1.2 B13 Professor Office 58.2 219.0 150.0 214.6 1.6 B14 Academic Office 6 58.2 219.0 150.0 163.1 1.2 B15 Academic Office 5 58.2 219.0 150.0 164.5 1.2 B16 Dis WC 55.0 33.5 33.5 20.5 0.0 B17 Comms Room 51.0 0.0 0.0 2000.0 0.0 B18 Laboratory 3 E 0.0 488.0 312.0 1019.9 32.6 B18 Laboratory 3 W 0.0 488.0 312.0 1458.0 46.6 B19 Technical Support 306.0 219.0 150.0 494.3 3.7 B20 Laboratory 4 N 0.0 292.8 187.2 1504.7 48.1 B20 Laboratory 4 S 0.0 292.8 187.2 1005.9 32.1 C. RS02 Riser - - - - - C. RS02 Riser - - - - - C.CD01 Corridor 14.4 137.0 137.0 33.6 0.0 C.CD02 Corridor 28.8 55.0 55.0 13.5 0.0 C.CD03 Corridor 43.2 149.3 149.3 36.7 0.0 C.LS01 Lift - - - - - C.Riser adj Kitchen - - - - - C.RS01 Riser - - - - - C.RS01 Riser - - - - - C.ST01 Stair 130.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 C.ST02 Stair 130.0 61.1 61.1 15.0 0.0 C.Void Over Comms Room 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 C.Void Over Laboratory 2 1530.0 - - - - C.Void Over Laboratory 3 969.0 - - - - C.Void Over Laboratory 4 1020.0 - - - - C.Void Over Reception 0.0 - - - - C01 Breakout Area 82.5 657.0 450.0 222.2 1.7 CO2 WC 27.5 18.1 18.1 11.1 0.0 C03 WC 27.5 18.1 18.1 11.1 0.0 C04 Board Room N 310.8 1460.0 1000.0 482.4 3.6 C04 Board Room S 103.6 730.0 500.0 371.1 2.8 C05 Kitchen 51.8 16.9 16.9 17.3 3.0 C06 Dis WC 55.0 33.3 33.3 20.4 0.0 C07 Clnrs Cupd 32.5 11.7 11.7 0.0 0.0 C08 PDRA Open Plan Office NE 116.4 365.0 250.0 384.3 2.9 C08 PDRA Open Plan Office NW 116.4 365.0 250.0 480.0 3.6 C08 PDRA Open Plan Office SE 116.4 365.0 250.0 309.9 2.3 C08 PDRA Open Plan Office SW 58.2 219.0 150.0 203.1 1.5 C09 Tech Office Base 150.4 584.0 400.0 494.3 3.7 CV_A04 Dis WC - - - - - CV_A05 WC - - - - - CV_A06 WC - - - - - CV_A09 Changing Room - - - - - CV_A10 Shower - - - - - CV_B02 WC - - - - - CV_B03 WC - - - - - CV_B16 Dis WC - - - - - CV_CO2 WC - - - - - CV_C03 WC - - - - - CV_C06 Dis WC - - - - - CV_D.WC - - - - - CV_D.WC - - - - - CV_D04 Dis WC - - - - - D Roof Light Void 0.0 - - - -

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(W)



(W)

D Void - - - - - D.CD01 Corridor 29.7 123.2 123.2 30.2 0.0 D.CD02 Corridor 14.4 53.1 53.1 13.0 0.0 D.CD03 Corridor 43.2 121.7 121.7 29.9 0.0 D.CD05 Corridor 102.0 134.5 134.5 33.0 0.0 D.Cleaners Room adj. CD03 3.7 29.2 29.2 0.0 0.0 D.LS01 Lift - - - - - D.RS01 Riser - - - - - D.RS01 Riser - - - - - D.ST01 Stair 65.0 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.0 D.ST02 Stair 130.0 80.7 80.7 19.8 0.0 D.Void Over Reception 0.0 - - - - D01 Breakout Area 82.5 657.0 450.0 218.7 1.7 D02 WC 27.5 18.1 18.1 11.1 0.0 D03 WC 27.5 17.8 17.8 10.9 0.0 D04 Dis WC 27.5 24.1 24.1 14.8 0.0 D06 Open Plan Office N 112.8 912.5 625.0 578.0 4.4 D06 Open Plan Office NE 75.2 456.3 312.5 384.3 2.9 D06 Open Plan Office NW 75.2 456.3 312.5 384.3 2.9 D06 Open Plan Office S 112.8 693.5 475.0 452.3 3.4 D06 Open Plan Office SE 75.2 346.8 237.5 309.9 2.3 D06 Open Plan Office SW 75.2 346.8 237.5 299.0 2.3 D08 Electrolyser Test Bed 408.0 767.3 490.6 1792.5 57.3 D09 Gas Upgrade 204.0 519.7 332.2 1214.0 38.8 D10 Storage 612.0 849.1 542.9 1983.6 63.4 D11 Fuel Test Cell 408.0 795.0 508.3 1857.2 59.3 D12 CHP Test Bed 306.0 597.1 381.7 1394.9 44.6 D13 Climate Chamber 204.0 269.5 172.3 629.5 20.1 D14 Control Room 0.0 86.5 55.3 202.1 6.5 D15 Plant Room 242.8 329.7 329.7 300.0 0.0

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The table below shows time averaged internal gains for the year. These are calculated by summing the annual internal gains to a room by type, and dividing this figure by 8,760 (the number of hours in a year. Gains are shown in units of Watt hours (Wh). Table 14: Annual time averaged internal gains

Annual Time Averaged Internal Gains

Zone Occupancy Gain (Wh)

Lighting Gain (Wh)

Equipment Gain (Wh)

Hot Water Secondary Circulation Gain (Wh)

A.CD01 Corridor 100.87 19.20 25.41 0.0 A.CD02 Corridor 82.67 28.80 60.92 40.08 A.CD03 Corridor 92.67 28.80 23.36 0.0 A.LS01 Lift 0.00 0.00 10.30 0.0 A.RS01 Riser 0.00 0.00 1.20 0.0 A.RS01 Riser 0.00 0.00 1.20 0.0 A.ST01 Stair 19.20 21.67 4.86 0.0 A.ST02 Stair 99.53 86.67 25.14 0.0 A01 Draft Lobby 0.13 5.34 0.00 0.0 A02 Reception 26.28 7.90 12.74 0.0 A03 Facilities Manager 22.36 9.39 32.55 0.0 A04 Dis WC 8.69 10.57 17.39 9.02 A05 WC 5.32 10.57 10.65 5.52 A06 WC 5.14 10.57 10.25 5.32 A07 Meeting Room 67.08 3.69 20.89 0.0 A08 APM Open Plan Office NE 80.49 31.21 116.03 0.0 A08 APM Open Plan Office S 44.19 23.41 69.94 0.0 A08 APM Open_N Plan_N Office 65.14 9.44 103.13 0.0 A09 Changing Room 5.65 12.29 6.85 0.0 A10 Shower 6.74 12.29 8.20 0.0 A11 ERA Open Plan Office 160.99 46.82 198.86 0.0 A13 Plant Room 0.00 0.00 140.14 0.0 A14 3D Atom Probe 61.88 43.70 159.24 0.0 A15 Laboratory 4 E 47.92 90.50 168.52 0.0 A15 Laboratory 4 W 47.92 31.43 197.39 0.0 A16 Clnrs Cupd 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 A17 Laboratory 3 E 12.74 16.31 29.99 0.0 A17 Laboratory 3 W 12.74 5.34 35.00 0.0 A18 Laboratory 2 NE 25.88 0.00 226.87 0.0 A18 Laboratory 2 NW 25.88 0.00 190.43 0.0 A18 Laboratory 2 SE 25.88 0.00 197.73 0.0 A18 Laboratory 2 SW 25.88 0.00 165.97 0.0 A19 Laboratory 1 N 29.90 83.56 460.88 0.0 A19 Laboratory 1 S 29.90 23.38 308.09 0.0 A20 Comp Store 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 A21 Chem Store 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 AXX Cleaners Cupd 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 B. RS02 Riser 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 B. Void Over Laboratory 2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 B.CD01 Corridor 112.66 38.14 28.42 0.0 B.CD02 Corridor 131.94 28.80 97.28 64.00 B.CD03 Corridor 36.67 19.20 27.04 17.79 B.CD04 Corridor 74.60 28.80 18.84 0.0 B.LS01 Lift 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 B.RS01 Riser 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 B.RS01 Riser 0.00 0.00 1.30 0.0 B.ST01 Stairwell 46.87 65.00 11.85 0.0 B.ST02 Stairwell 40.73 86.67 10.27 0.0 B.Void Above Reception 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 B01 Breakout Area 7.02 7.37 11.11 0.0 B02 WC 5.73 10.57 5.54 0.0 B03 WC 5.66 10.57 5.45 0.0 B04 Staffroom 41.11 7.66 24.93 0.0

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Table 14: Annual time averaged internal gains (cont…) Annual Time Averaged Internal Gains


Lighting Gain (Wh)

Equipment Gain (Wh)


B05 Meeting Room 53.66 1.63 26.85 0.0 B06 Meeting Room 40.25 5.21 14.41 0.0 B07 Academic Office 1 24.86 7.83 18.66 0.0 B08 Clnrs Cupd 0.00 0.00 8.50 0.0 B10 Academic Office 2 22.71 7.13 16.84 0.0 B11 Academic Office 3 22.71 7.02 17.16 0.0 B12 Academic Office 4 22.71 7.09 16.84 0.0 B13 Professor Office 22.71 1.96 23.21 0.0 B14 Academic Office 6 22.71 5.25 17.64 0.0 B15 Academic Office 5 22.71 7.81 17.79 0.0 B16 Dis WC 10.42 21.13 10.05 0.0 B17 Comms Room 0.00 0.00 491.02 0.0 B18 Laboratory 3 E 120.97 0.00 252.82 0.0 B18 Laboratory 3 W 120.97 0.00 361.42 0.0 B19 Technical Support 36.42 41.80 82.18 0.0 B20 Laboratory 4 N 34.24 0.00 175.92 0.0 B20 Laboratory 4 S 34.24 0.00 117.60 0.0 C. RS02 Riser 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 C. RS02 Riser 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 C.CD01 Corridor 91.32 9.60 23.01 0.0 C.CD02 Corridor 36.67 19.20 27.04 0.0 C.CD03 Corridor 99.53 28.80 25.14 0.0 C.LS01 Lift 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 C.Riser adj Kitchen 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 C.RS01 Riser 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 C.RS01 Riser 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 C.ST01 Stair 0.00 86.67 0.00 0.0 C.ST02 Stair 40.73 86.67 10.27 0.0 C.Void Over Comms Room 0.00 0.00 50.59 50.65 C.Void Over Laboratory 2 0.00 115.49 0.00 0.0 C.Void Over Laboratory 3 0.00 141.27 0.00 0.0 C.Void Over Laboratory 4 0.00 73.95 0.00 0.0 C.Void Over Reception 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 C01 Breakout Area 60.37 7.37 20.42 0.0 CO2 WC 5.63 10.57 5.45 0.0 C03 WC 5.63 10.57 5.45 0.0 C04 Board Room N 223.58 29.32 73.87 0.0 C04 Board Room S 111.79 11.69 56.83 0.0 C05 Kitchen 4.58 13.20 14.58 5.20 C06 Dis WC 10.37 21.13 10.00 0.0 C07 Clnrs Cupd 0.00 0.00 4.00 3.97 C08 PDRA Open Plan Office NE 60.68 6.96 63.89 0.0 C08 PDRA Open Plan Office NW 60.68 15.19 79.81 0.0 C08 PDRA Open Plan Office SE 60.68 13.29 51.52 0.0 C08 PDRA Open Plan Office SW 36.42 9.36 33.77 0.0 C09 Tech Office Base 116.83 28.00 98.88 0.0 CV_A04 Dis WC 0.00 0.00 9.00 0.0 CV_A05 WC 0.00 0.00 5.50 0.0 CV_A06 WC 0.00 0.00 5.30 0.0 CV_A09 Changing Room 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 CV_A10 Shower 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 CV_B02 WC 0.00 0.00 6.00 0.0 CV_B03 WC 0.00 0.00 5.90 0.0 CV_B16 Dis WC 0.00 0.00 10.80 0.0 CV_CO2 WC 0.00 0.00 5.90 0.0 CV_C03 WC 0.00 0.00 5.90 0.0 CV_C06 Dis WC 0.00 0.00 10.80 0.0 CV_D.WC 0.00 0.00 5.61 0.0

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Table 14: Annual time averaged internal gains (cont…)

Annual Time Averaged Internal Gains


Lighting Gain (Wh)

Equipment Gain (Wh)


CV_D.WC 0.00 0.00 5.70 0.0 CV_D04 Dis WC 0.00 0.00 7.80 0.0 D.CD01 Corridor 82.13 19.79 60.48 39.82 D.CD02 Corridor 35.40 9.60 8.90 0.0 D.LS01 Lift 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 D.RS01 Riser 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 D.RS01 Riser 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.0 D.ST01 Stair 0.26 43.33 0.07 0.0 D01 Breakout Area 60.37 7.37 20.09 0.0 D02 WC 5.63 10.57 11.34 5.85 D03 WC 5.54 10.57 11.14 5.76 D04 Dis WC 7.50 10.57 15.06 7.80 D06 Open Plan Office N 167.69 20.16 106.22 0.0 D06 Open Plan Office NE 83.86 13.45 70.63 0.0 D06 Open Plan Office NW 83.86 13.45 70.63 0.0 D06 Open Plan Office S 127.44 20.16 83.12 0.0 D06 Open Plan Office SE 63.73 13.45 56.95 0.0 D06 Open Plan Office SW 63.73 13.45 54.94 0.0 D08 Electrolyser Test Bed 121.62 76.63 22.35 0.0 D09 Gas Upgrade 82.37 37.99 245.81 0.0 D10 Storage 134.59 68.20 458.08 0.0 D11 Fuel Test Cell 126.00 67.42 111.74 0.0 D12 CHP Test Bed 94.65 40.95 1340.73 0.0 D13 Climate Chamber 42.72 31.04 0.00 0.0 D14 Control Room 13.71 0.00 0.00 0.0 D15 Plant Room 0.00 0.00 140.14 0.0 D Roof Light Void 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 D.Void Over Reception 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 D Void 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 D.ST02 Stair 53.80 86.67 13.56 0.0 D.Cleaners Room adj. CD03 6.89 0.00 0.00 0.0 D.CD05 Corridor 89.67 48.63 22.60 0.0 D.CD03 Corridor 81.13 28.80 20.48 0.0

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5.0 CIBSE TM52 Design Criteria

CIBSE TM52 is the most up to date definition of overheating within buildings that the Chartered Institute of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE) have defined. The code now forms part of the latest revision of CIBSE Design Guide A. The code defines a room as being subject to overheating where it fails two or more of the definitions shown below, when based upon a Design Summer Year weather file.

Criterion 1: Hours of Exceedence The first criterion sets a limit for the number of hours that the operative temperature can exceed the threshold comfort temperature (upper limit of the range of comfort temperature) by 1°K or more during the occupied hours of a typical non—heating season (1 May to 30 September). This criterion is assessed as follows:This criterion is assessed as follows:This criterion is assessed as follows:This criterion is assessed as follows: The number of hours (He) during which ∆T is greater than or equal to one degree (K)

during the period May to September inclusive shall not be more than 3 per cent of

occupied hours.

Where:

∆T = TOP - TMAX

Where:

TOP = Actual operative temp in a given room

TMAX = The limiting maximum acceptable temperature

Where:

TMAX = 0.33TRM + 21.8

Where:

TRM =the running mean of the outdoor air temperature

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Criterion 2: Daily weighted Exceedance

The second criterion deals with the severity of overheating within any one day, which can

be as important as its frequency, the level of which is a function of both temperature rise

and its duration. This criterion sets a daily limit for acceptability.

To allow for the severity of overheating the weighted exceedance (WE) shall be less than

or equal to 6 in any one day where:

WE = (∑hE) x WF

= (he0 x 0) + (he1 x 1) + (he2 x 2) + (he3 x 3)

Where the weighted factor WF = 0 if ∆T ≤ 0, otherwise WF = ∆T, and hey is the time (h)

when WF = y.

Criterion 3: Upper limit Temperature

The third criterion sets an absolute maximum daily temperature for a room, beyond which

the level of overheating is unacceptable.

To set an absolute maximum value for the indoor operative temperature the value of ∆T

shall not exceed 4°K.

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6.0 CIBSE TM52 Simulation Outcomes Outcomes of the thermal analysis described within Section 4 of the report have been assessed against the CIBSE TM52 design criteria and are tabulated below. The outcomes shown have been produced using the IES VE native TM52 calculation tool. Table 15: IES Generated TM52 Outcomes –Levels A:

Room Name

Criteria 1 (%Hrs Top-Tmax>=1K) (Limit =3)

Criteria 2 (Max. Daily Deg.Hrs) (limit =6)

Criteria 3 (Max. DeltaT) (Limit = 4)

Criteria Failing

Occupied Areas -Level A A02 Reception 0.0 0.0 0.0 - A03 Facilities Manager 0.0 0.0 0.0 - A07 Meeting Room 0.0 0.0 0.0 - A08 APM Open Plan Office NE 0.2 4.5 2.0 - A08 APM Open Plan Office S 0.3 4.7 2.0 - A08 APM Open_N Plan_N Office 0.5 7.3 2.0 2 A11 ERA Open Plan Office 0.1 3.4 1.0 - A14 3D Atom Probe 0.0 0.0 0.0 - A15 Laboratory 4 E 0.0 0.0 0.0 - A15 Laboratory 4 W 0.0 0.0 0.0 - A17 Laboratory 3 E 0.0 0.0 0.0 - A17 Laboratory 3 W 0.0 0.0 0.0 - A18 Laboratory 2 NE 0.8 13.6 2.0 2 A18 Laboratory 2 NW 0.9 14.3 2.0 2 A18 Laboratory 2 SE 0.9 13.4 2.0 2 A18 Laboratory 2 SW 1.3 16.1 3.0 2 A19 Laboratory 1 N 0.1 3.9 1.0 - A19 Laboratory 1 S 0.2 6.7 2.0 2

Table 16: IES Generated TM52 Outcomes –Levels B:

Room Name




Criteria Failing

Occupied Areas -Level B B04 Staffroom 0.0 0.0 0.0 - B05 Meeting Room 1.6 11.7 3.0 2 B06 Meeting Room 0.0 0.0 0.0 - B07 Academic Office 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 - B10 Academic Office 2 0.0 0.0 0.0 - B11 Academic Office 3 0.0 0.0 0.0 - B12 Academic Office 4 0.0 0.0 0.0 - B13 Professor Office 1.0 5.1 1.0 - B14 Academic Office 6 0.0 0.0 0.0 - B15 Academic Office 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 - B18 Laboratory 3 E 0.2 6.5 2.0 2 B18 Laboratory 3 W 0.3 7.6 2.0 2 B19 Technical Support 0.0 0.0 0.0 - B20 Laboratory 4 N 0.1 3.4 1.0 - B20 Laboratory 4 S 0.2 5.3 2.0 -

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Table 17: IES Generated TM52 Outcomes –Levels C:

Room Name




Criteria Failing

Occupied Areas -Level C C04 Board Room N 0.1 3.4 1.0 - C04 Board Room S 0.1 2.4 1.0 - C08 PDRA Open Plan Office NE 0.0 0.0 0.0 - C08 PDRA Open Plan Office NW 0.0 0.0 0.0 - C08 PDRA Open Plan Office SE 0.0 0.0 0.0 - C08 PDRA Open Plan Office SW 0.0 0.0 0.0 - C09 Tech Office Base 0.0 0.0 0.0 -

Table 18: IES Generated TM52 Outcomes –Levels D:

Room Name




Criteria Failing

Occupied Areas -Level D D06 Open Plan Office N 0.0 0.0 0.0 - D06 Open Plan Office NE 0.0 0.6 1.0 - D06 Open Plan Office NW 0.0 0.0 0.0 - D06 Open Plan Office S 0.0 0.0 0.0 - D06 Open Plan Office SE 0.0 1.3 1.0 - D06 Open Plan Office SW 0.0 0.0 0.0 - D08 Electrolyser Test Bed 0.1 2.5 1.0 -

D09 Gas Upgrade 0.1 3.9 1.0 - D10 Storage 0.2 7.5 2.0 2

D11 Fuel Test Cell 0.2 7.6 2.0 2 D12 CHP Test Bed 0.5 12.8 3.0 2

D13 Climate Chamber 0.2 8.0 2.0 2 D14 Control Room 0.2 6.3 2.0 2

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Table 19: IES Generated TM52 Outcomes –Non Applicable Zones:

Room Name




Criteria Failing

Non-Applicable Zones (non-occupied) A.CD01 Corridor 0.0 0.0 0.0 - A.CD02 Corridor 0.0 0.0 0.0 - A.CD03 Corridor 0.0 0.0 0.0 - A.ST01 Stair 0.0 0.0 0.0 - A.ST02 Stair 11.0 17.9 2.0 1 & 2 A01 Draft Lobby 2.4 18.9 5.0 2 & 3 A04 Dis WC 0.0 0.0 0.0 - A05 WC 0.0 0.0 0.0 - A06 WC 0.0 0.0 0.0 - A09 Changing Room 0.0 0.0 0.0 - A10 Shower 0.0 0.0 0.0 - B.CD01 Corridor 0.0 0.0 0.0 - B.CD02 Corridor 20.8 27.8 2.0 1 & 2 B.CD03 Corridor 2.8 8.9 1.0 2 B.CD04 Corridor 0.0 0.0 0.0 - B.ST01 Stairwell 1.7 7.9 1.0 2 B.ST02 Stairwell 21.2 17.6 2.0 1 & 2 B01 Breakout Area 0.2 2.8 1.0 - B02 WC 1.5 4.6 1.0 - B03 WC 11.7 9.2 1.0 1 & 2 B16 Dis WC 4.5 7.0 1.0 1 & 2 C.CD01 Corridor 25.1 32.4 3.0 1 & 2 C.CD02 Corridor 14 15.6 1.0 1 & 2 C.CD03 Corridor 0.0 0.0 0.0 - C.ST02 Stair 24.2 15.9 1.0 1 & 2 C01 Breakout Area 1.9 12.2 3.0 2 CO2 WC 16.4 9.9 1.0 1 & 2 C03 WC 27.2 10.0 1.0 1 & 2 C05 Kitchen 0.0 0.0 0.0 - C06 Dis WC 47.4 14.0 2.0 1 & 2 C.CD01 Corridor 25.1 32.4 3.0 1 & 2 C.CD02 Corridor 14 15.6 1.0 1 & 2 C.CD03 Corridor 0.0 0.0 0.0 - D.CD01 Corridor 47.7 38.8 4.0 1 & 2 D.CD02 Corridor 8.5 15.0 1.0 1 & 2 D.CD03 Corridor 0.3 6.0 1.0 - D.CD05 Corridor 0.2 7.3 2.0 2 D.Cleaners Room adj. CD03 0.0 0.0 0.0 - D.ST01 Stair 4.0 11.9 1.0 1 & 2 D.ST02 Stair 11.5 15.4 1.0 1 & 2 D01 Breakout Area 5.7 22.2 4.0 1 & 2 D02 WC 37.7 10 1.0 1 & 2 D03 WC 50.7 10.3 2.0 1 & 2 D04 Dis WC 72.5 15.2 2.0 1 & 2

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7.0 BREEAM Hea04 Thermal Comfort

BREEAM issue Hea04 Thermal Comfort is targeted as part of the BREEAM design strategy. This report can be used to support the first credit of this BREEAM issue, as outlined below. The second credit under this BREEAM issue as assessed not to be met under the current specification. Fig 17: BREEAM Hea04 Credits 1 & 2:

This report can be used to demonstrate compliance with the first credit of BREEAM Hea04. The second credit has been found not to be attainable under the specification described in this report. The third credit should be discharged by those responsible for defining thermal zoning and HVAC system controls. As a building which is principally not served by air conditioning, the building is considered a ‘free-running building’ with mechanical ventilation under the definition of the BREEAM Technical Manual. As shown within Section 6 of this report, all occupied areas satisfy CIBSE TM52 criteria under DSY05 weather data. Therefore, the first credit of BREEAM Hea04 is considered to be attained. A simulation has also been run for the purposes of assessing the second credit ‘Adaptability for a projected climate change scenario’. This simulation has been undertaken using a 2030 DSY weather projection. The file selected is the Nottingham DSY 2030 Medium Prediction 50% Percentile file, simulated by the University of Exeter PROMETHEUS programme, using the UKCP09 weather generator, as recommended by the BREEAM Technical Manual. Data inputs are identical to those used in the DSY05 weather data simulation, and TM52 outcomes are tabulated below. Several occupied zones are shown not to satisfy the TM52 criteria under 2030 weather data, therefore the second credit of Hea04 is consider not to be attained. Details of winter-time thermal comfort can be found in the Greenlite Report Heating & Cooling System Sizing Report (Draft) 28.04.17, where it is demonstrated that CIBSE Guide A Table 1.5 wintertime operative temperatures are also met.

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Table 20: IES Generated TM52 Outcomes using 2030 DSY Weather Data–Levels A:

Room Name




Criteria Failing

Occupied Areas- Level A A02 Reception 0.5 7.6 2.0 2 A03 Facilities Manager 0.0 0.0 0.0 - A07 Meeting Room 0.1 2.1 1.0 - A08 APM Open Plan Office NE 1.5 9.2 2.0 2 A08 APM Open Plan Office S 1.6 9.4 2.0 2 A08 APM Open_N Plan_N Office 2.8 11.9 2.0 2 A11 ERA Open Plan Office 2.2 14.7 2.0 2 A14 3D Atom Probe 0.0 0.6 1.0 - A15 Laboratory 4 E 0.0 0.0 0.0 - A15 Laboratory 4 W 0.0 0.0 0.0 - A17 Laboratory 3 E 0.0 0.0 0.0 - A17 Laboratory 3 W 0.0 0.0 0.0 - A18 Laboratory 2 NE 3.7 24.2 4.0 1 & 2 A18 Laboratory 2 NW 4.0 26.1 4.0 1 & 2 A18 Laboratory 2 SE 3.8 26.8 4.0 1 & 2 A18 Laboratory 2 SW 5.2 30.9 4.0 1 & 2 A19 Laboratory 1 N 0.8 8.8 2.0 2 A19 Laboratory 1 S 1.3 11.7 3.0 2

Table 21: IES Generated TM52 Outcomes using 2030 DSY Weather Data –Levels B:

Room Name




Criteria Failing

Occupied Areas- Level B B04 Staffroom 0.0 0.0 0.0 - B05 Meeting Room 5.3 24.5 4.0 1 & 2 B06 Meeting Room 0.0 0.0 0.0 - B07 Academic Office 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 - B10 Academic Office 2 0.0 0.0 0.0 - B11 Academic Office 3 0.0 0.0 0.0 - B12 Academic Office 4 0.0 0.0 0.0 - B13 Professor Office 5.3 15.6 2.0 1 & 2 B14 Academic Office 6 0.0 0.0 0.0 - B15 Academic Office 5 0.0 0.4 1.0 - B18 Laboratory 3 E 1.5 13.7 3.0 2 B18 Laboratory 3 W 2.0 15.2 3.0 2 B19 Technical Support 0.0 0.0 0.0 - B20 Laboratory 4 N 0.7 7.1 2.0 2 B20 Laboratory 4 S 1.1 10.5 2.0 2

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Table 22: IES Generated TM52 Outcomes using 2030 DSY Weather Data –Levels C:

Room Name




Criteria Failing

Occupied Areas- Level C C04 Board Room N 0.9 9.0 2.0 2 C04 Board Room S 0.6 6.6 2.0 2 C08 PDRA Open Plan Office NE 0.3 4.4 1.0 - C08 PDRA Open Plan Office NW 0.2 3.4 1.0 - C08 PDRA Open Plan Office SE 0.2 4.1 1.0 - C08 PDRA Open Plan Office SW 0.2 3.6 1.0 - C09 Tech Office Base 0.2 2.6 1.0 -

Table 23: IES Generated TM52 Outcomes using 2030 DSY Weather Data –Levels D:

Room Name




Criteria Failing

Occupied Areas- Level D D06 Open Plan Office N 0.3 3.9 1.0 - D06 Open Plan Office NE 0.4 4.4 1.0 - D06 Open Plan Office NW 0.5 4.3 1.0 - D06 Open Plan Office S 0.2 3.9 1.0 - D06 Open Plan Office SE 0.3 4.3 1.0 - D06 Open Plan Office SW 0.4 4.1 1.0 - D08 Electrolyser Test Bed 0.3 3.6 1.0 - D09 Gas Upgrade 0.9 6.7 2.0 2 D10 Storage 1.7 9.9 2.0 2 D11 Fuel Test Cell 1.9 10.4 3.0 2 D12 CHP Test Bed 3.8 15.5 3.0 1 & 2 D13 Climate Chamber 2.1 10.9 3.0 2 D14 Control Room 1.5 9.2 2.0 2

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Table 24: IES Generated TM52 Outcomes using 2030 DSY Weather Data –Levels D:

Room Name




Criteria Failing

Non-Applicable Zones (non-occupied) A.CD01 Corridor 0.1 1.9 1.0 - A.CD02 Corridor 0.0 0.0 0.0 - A.CD03 Corridor 0.0 0.0 0.0 - A.ST01 Stair 0.0 0.0 0.0 - A.ST02 Stair 35.4 21.2 2.0 1 & 2 A01 Draft Lobby 5.5 40.9 7.0 1 & 2 & 3 A04 Dis WC 0.0 0.0 0.0 - A05 WC 0.0 0.0 0.0 - A06 WC 0.0 0.0 0.0 - A09 Changing Room 0.4 2.0 1.0 - A10 Shower 0.1 0.6 1.0 - B.CD01 Corridor 0.0 0.0 0.0 - B.CD02 Corridor 31.2 30.4 3.0 1 & 2 B.CD03 Corridor 9.2 14.9 1.0 1 & 2 B.CD04 Corridor 0.0 0.0 0.0 - B.ST01 Stairwell 6.8 13.9 1.0 1 & 2 B.ST02 Stairwell 50.0 30.3 2.0 1 & 2 B01 Breakout Area 1.0 11.0 3.0 2 B02 WC 4.7 8.0 1.0 1 & 2 B03 WC 13.3 9.8 1.0 1 & 2 B16 Dis WC 6.3 8.3 1.0 1 & 2 C.CD01 Corridor 37.5 34.0 3.0 1 & 2 C.CD02 Corridor 27.9 19.2 2.0 1 & 2 C.CD03 Corridor 0.2 3.6 1.0 - C.ST02 Stair 57.6 30.9 2.0 1 & 2 C01 Breakout Area 5.5 24.9 5.0 1 & 2 & 3 CO2 WC 18.6 10.0 1.0 1 & 2 C03 WC 34.7 13.9 2.0 1 & 2 C05 Kitchen 0.6 3.5 1.0 - C06 Dis WC 55.5 18.2 2.0 1 & 2 D.CD01 Corridor 63.4 41.7 4.0 1 & 2 D.CD02 Corridor 28.7 16.0 1.0 1 & 2 D.CD03 Corridor 18.3 15.0 1.0 1 & 2 D.CD05 Corridor 2.0 9.5 2.0 2 D.Cleaners Room adj. CD03 0.0 0.0 0.0 - D.ST01 Stair 19.0 16.0 1.0 1 & 2 D.ST02 Stair 50.0 16.0 1.0 1 & 2 D01 Breakout Area 11.4 34.8 5.0 1 & 2 & 3 D02 WC 55.0 19.7 2.0 1 & 2 D03 WC 63.5 19.6 2.0 1 & 2 D04 Dis WC 78.3 20.0 2.0 1 & 2

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8.0 Passivhaus Thermal Comfort Metric

It has been agreed amongst the design team that CIBSE TM52 compliance shall be used as the definitive overheating metric for the building. Assessment against Passivhaus overheating criteria has also been unde

summertime thermal comfort analysis & building regulations ...€¦ · be the definitive summertime...

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