summary of the sap ecosystem and functional software
DESCRIPTION
Summary of The SAP Ecosystem and Functional Software. Review. Last time – we looked at various topologies for implementing enterprise systems This time – we will look at how SAP provides a “fairly” complete infrastructure for System configuration System development and customization - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Summary of The SAP Ecosystem and
Functional Software
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Review Last time – we looked at various
topologies for implementing enterprise systems
This time – we will look at how SAP provides a “fairly” complete infrastructure for System configuration System development and customization System testing System deployment
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Lecture Structure It’s a high-level overview of SAP / R3
Breadth not depth at this point
I’ll breeze through many screens to demonstrate navigation through the SAP GUI
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Course Simulations We will use various separate SAP
instances throughout this course Global Bike configuration ABAP Web Dynpro And possibly some sort of integration tool
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Introduction (Roles and Responsibilities) This is my taxonomy Developers customize SAP Administrators designate roles to other users
and tune the system Responsible for security administration Responsible for deployment activities
Implementers configure SAP Third party integrators interface SAP with
other software packages And of course, the users
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SAP Architecture (Introduction) Keep in mind that
this is the most complex software package that you have ever seen
It’s been around for a very long time and has remained backward compatible
It’s written in and developed by Germans
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SAP Architecture (Introduction)
From BC ABAP Programming
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SAP Logical Architecture (1) Underneath, there is a database and a
database management system SQL Server, ORACLE, MaxDB, and HANA
are supported The R/3 Basis is really an operating
system within an operating system The Basis is it’s own virtualization system
too There is no user contact with the
underlying operating system
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SAP Logical Architecture (2) ABAP workbench is the development
environment with which you write, debug, and test ABAP applications ABAP is the programming language of SAP
and resembles COBOL An R/3 application has special meaning
It’s an ABAP program It’s has a well-defined structure
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SAP Logical Architecture (3) Our presentation component will be
the NetWeaver program that you used in IS 365 All user interaction is through the
presentation component
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SAP Layers SAP is built using three layers
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SAP (Database Layer) SAP interacts with other RDMSs
(ORACLE, SQL Server, DB2, INFORMIX, etc…
However, the database layer stores everything for the entire SAP “instance” ABAP code User accounts EVERYTHING!
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SAP (Application Layer) Application servers run ABAP
applications We typically have many of them The server group is load balanced
A message server communicates state information between application servers More later
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SAP (Presentation Layer) It’s NetWeaver
We will not get into the topic yet but there is much that can be done with Netweaver
The presentation layer interacts with the application layer in a very structured way As you complete screens, you perform
dialog steps” Control passes back and forth between the
presentation layer and application layer
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SAP (Presentation Layer)
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Application Server (Structure) Application servers are responsible for
two things Dispatching work across a network of
application servers Performing work (work processes)
Execute dialog steps Gateways communicate with other
application servers Shared memory is used to persist
application context
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Application Server (Illustration)
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The SAP Programming Model (1) This discussion is based on the cardinal
rule that the database can never be left in an inconsistent state or a transaction be lost
But we might have thousands of users concurrently recording transactions You should see the synchronization
problem
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The SAP Programming Model (2) Executing an application (transactions)
is done by completing one or more dialog screens Each screen is called a dialog step Each dialog step corresponds to a
database Logical Unit of Work LOW ABAP provides constructs to bundle
several DB LUWs into a SAP LOW
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THE SAP LUW
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Structure of a Work Process
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Types of Work Processes Work processes have different types Dialog work process operate with user
requests to execute dialog steps Update processes execute database updates
that are parted of a bundled SAP UOW Background processes are executed without
user interaction Enqueue processes are used for locking Spool processes are used for printing and
archiving
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Summary An application program has one or
more screens which are processed by the screen processor of a work process
The processing logic of a program gets data from screens, processes it, and returns data to screens
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Screens Unlike the VB form with which you are
familiar, the ABAP screen is much more structured
Two types Screens have a definition and flow logic
created using a screen painter Selection screens and lists provide a
simplified way to select data for a list or report
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ABAP Program Structure ABAP programs execute within
individual dialog steps A program is divided into processing
blocks
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ABAP Program Declare global data here Create selection screen definitions Dialog modules, event blocks, and
subroutines are all processing blocks
We will delve into the structure more later
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Types of ABAP Programs (1) A program’s technical attributes and
capabilities are determined by its type Type 1 programs are executable
programs They do not need to be controlled by
screens Type 1 programs are often called reports
Type M programs are controlled through screen flow logic and must be started from a transaction code
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Types of ABAP Programs (2) Type F programs are function modules
containing reusable functiond Type I programs are includes
Includes just break up programs into smaller chunks.
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Administrator (Overview) Performance User and role management Deployment of test and production
systems
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Administrator (Tuning) Significant system management and
performance tuning is necessary in large enterprises We can tune and monitor memory
management In some enterprises we have HTTP and
other services System monitoring
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Administrator (User Groups) User groups allow user administration to
be distributed among several administrators
Groups are also used to perform “mass maintenance” on several users
Transaction code SUGR to show user groups
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Administrator (Roles) Access to resources is granted through
roles Roles are hierarchical and have different
types Single roles contain authorization data Composite roles are created using multiple
composite roles, which are then assigned to users
SAP ships with predefined bundle of standard roles (single and composite)
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Administrator (Roles) Transaction code PFCG to view roles We are in role Z_ABAP
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Administrator (Roles) Roles
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Administrator (Deployment) SAP manages deployment of system
changes from development to training to test to production Other system types can be defined The process is called transport (more in a
moment)
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Administrator (Other) Data must be archived System performance needs to be
monitored and tuned
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Implementer (Introduction) In my opinion a formal definition gets a
bit fuzzy here We use the IMG to configure (customize)
the system We use the SAP system itself to create all
sorts of “master data” Production schedules You did some of this in IS 365
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(IMG) Introduction IMG is short for Implementation Guide It contains all of the actions to
implement, control and document the SAP system General Settings Enterprise Structure Financial Accounting And all of the functional sub systems
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(IMG) General Settings Country settings (countries in which we
do business) Currencies in which we do business Public calendars containing holidays,
workday configuration
Once configured these are either hard to change or cannot be changed
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(IMG) (Illustration)
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IMG (Enterprise Structure) Here, we describe our organizational
structure to the SAP system (Organizational Units) It’s not easy to change the organizational
structure once it has been created
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IMG (Enterprise Structure – Parts) Financial accounting Controlling accounting Logistics Sales Materials Management Plant Maintenance Production HR
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Definement and Assignment Configuration of the enterprise structure
(and many other components) requires a two-step process
Definement Create organizational structures
Assignment Assign those organizational structures to
other organizational structures
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Definement and Assignment (Examples) You define company codes and assign
them to a company You define credit control areas and
assign them to a company code There are hundreds of these We will get through many of the core
functions in this course
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IMG – Business Configuration (BC) Sets In this class, we will “globally” configure
system elements using the “SAP Reference IMG”
In practice, we use BC sets BC sets can be created for specific
processes These BC sets can be deployed separately
SAP provides numerous BC sets for industries and industry sectors
We can create our own BC sets too
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BC Set (Implementation) Types:
Simple BC sets contain configuration data Hierarchical BC sets contain other BC sets
The hierarchy can be nested Attributes
Name Type Release information Change information (person, date time)
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SAP Transport (1) In SAP, instances (clients) are
provisioned into different types Development (created from production
backups) After development is complete, the
system is copied to a “test / QA” system Then to a “consolidation system” Finally, the test system is deployed to the
production system Custom intermediate systems can also be
created
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SAP Transport (2) The Transport Organizer is the tool used to
mange transport of BCs and development code from one instance to another
Transaction code for the Transport Organizer is SE01
STMS for the Transport Management System
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SAP Development THIS IS A MONSTER Unlike most development environments
you are used to, all code (programs) are stored inside of the SAP instance itself
Code is deployed using transports mentioned previously
There are different types (categories) of code
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SAP Development (Interface) The Object Navigator is the entry
point into the ABAP objects (programs) (Transaction code SE80)
The ABAP Editor is used to create, edit, test, and debug ABAP applications
The Data Browser lets you look at the SAP tables from the SAP / ABAP API
… And Much More
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Object Navigator It’s used to organize programing in the
SAP integrated development environment Repository Browser is the primary code
storage area The Repository Information System is used
to search for programming objects The Transport Organizer manages changes
made during configuration and development and propagates (transports) changes to test and production systems
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Object Navigator (Illustration)
Select object type from Object List
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Repository Browser (Object Lists) The application hierarchy contains all
development objects A package contains logically related
development objects In this class, we will create local
objects, which are not transported to QA / production systems
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Packages (Contents) Packages contain many things
Programs containing fields, events, subroutines, screens, and so on
Function groups are containers for functions (external procedure calls)
Dictionary objects contain (roughly speaking) references to SAP data
Remember, all data is processed through the SAP API
SHOW PACKAGE FARC
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Classes / Interfaces SAP supports an OOP approach to
development using classes and interfaces
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SAP Runtime Architecture (1) SAP Basis is the fabric on which all sap
applications run This fabric runs on top of a host OS
UNIX (AIX, HP-UX, Solaris, Linux) Windows … IBM mainframe systems
ABAP program execution is managed by the ABAP (managed runtime) and the SAP kernel
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SAP Runtime Architecture (2) A SAP system consists of
One or more instances (application server) accessing a centralized database containing
All data All programs (ABAP and other)
The database interface handles marshals communication between the SAP system and the relational database
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SAP and the Database SAP uses a logical database
We don’t usually touch the underlying ORACLE / SQL server / whatever database
ABAP programs are stored in the SAP database
SAP supports IBM DB2, Informix, MaxDB, Oracle,
Microsoft SQL Server A similar model exists for the Web
application Server
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Transactions Roughly speaking, a logical unit of work In the SAP context, it means a calling
and executing an ABAP program that perform an indivisible operation on data Corresponds to a transaction code
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ABAP (History) Acronym:
Allgemeiner BerichtsAufbereitungsProzessor
Generic report preparation rocessor Advanced Business Application Programm
ing Created back in the 1980s Looks very much like COBOL SAP itself, is written in ABAP
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ABAP (Introduction) There are two types of executable
(ABAP) programs Reports
Enter a set of parameters Generate a report based on those
parameters Module pools
More complex screen and flow logic (these are dynpros or dynamic programs)
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ABAP (Creating a First Report) Activate the ABAP Editor (Transaction
code SE38 ) You must have the developer key I gave
you) Create a program Save and activate the program Run the program
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ABAP Editor (Initial Screen) Start program names with Z_ as in
Z_Ekedahl (Some names are prohibited by SAP)
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ABAP Editor (Create / Change Attributes) Type: for now Executable Program but
other program object types are selected here
Status: We will create Test Programs
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ABAP Editor (Specify the Package) Executable programs belong to a
package There is a “special” package named
$Temp that is never transported
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ABAP Editor(Creating the Code) My opinion – it’s a pretty good
development environment Supports intellisense, code highlighting,
and a robust debugger Most of you have never seen COBOL,
but it looks like COBOL!
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ABAP Editor (Creating the Code) REPORT statement names the program
The argument Z_EKEDAHL is the name of my first report
Statements end with a period WRITE statement prints to the output
(report) stream
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Run the Report To run a report, it must be activated
Programs must be activated after they are saved
Press F8 to run
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Getting Started with the ABAP Dictionary Remember that we work with data
logically through ABAP, rather than operating on the physical database
The database layer supplies extensive metadata beyond most native databases
Transaction code SE11 gets us to the ABAP dictionary
Transaction code gets us to the DataBrowser We will look at MARA (Material Master
Record)
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Data Browser Select the desired table
You need to know the table names and meaning of fields
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Data Browser (Table Output)
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ABAP Dictionary Search for table