summary of substation

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UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS

PLT309 SUBSTATION ENGINEERING

Academic Session 2015/2016 (Semester 2)

INTRODUCTION

of

“SUBSTATION”

Prepared by

MOHAMAD AZWAN BN ABD AZZ (1!12"0"#0)

Pr!ra""e

BA$H%&O' O %NN%%'N *%$HNO&O+

(ND,S*'A& -OW%') ('+.!1)


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PLT309 # SUBSTATION ENGINEERING$ INTRODUCTION Semester 2 2015/2016

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A sstation is an imortant art of an eectrica 3eneration4 transmission4 and distrition sstem

Sstations transform 7ota3e from 8i38 to o94 o9 to 8i384 or erform an of se7era ot8er imortant

fnctions Bet9een t8e 3eneratin3 station and consmer4 eectric o9er ma fo9 t8ro38 se7era

sstations at different 7ota3e e7es

*8e sstations are 98ere t8e 7ota3es are increased to 8i38 7aes sin3 ste transformers4

and after t8e transmission4 t8e are a3ain steed do9n for distrition n addition c8an3in3 t8e 7ota3es

t8e sstations 8a7e a 7ariet of rotecti7e de7ices i:e circit rea:ers and fses to rotect t8e distrition

net9or:s *8ese are desi3ned in sc8 a 9a t8at 7arios distrition circits can e isoated for reairs and

oad s8eddin3

;oois4 -enaman34 Saa8 Main nta:e sstation (-M,)

*'%(&)% + a ,'b,&a&)%

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Aart from t8e distrition of t8e eectricit 8a7e man ot8er fnctions as foo9s<

1 Ste and ste do9n of t8e 7ota3e for transmission and distrition< As for t8e same o9er

transmitted at a 8i38er 7ota3e t8e crrent is o9er it rests in o9er transmission osses4 8ence is t8e

need of stein3 and stein3 do9n t8e 7ota3e

2 S9itc8in3 and isoatin3 t8e circits for maintenance< S9itc8in3 is aso an imortant fnction of

sstations $osin3 do9n a feeder circit 98en t8e oad demands are 8i38 needs to e done for t8e

safet of t8e 3eneratin3 ants S9itc8in3 8i38 7ota3es is a dan3eros 9or:4 and secia circit

rea:ers i:e air circit rea:ers and oi circit rea:ers for =enc8in3 t8e arcs 8a7e to e sed

! &oad s8eddin3< W8en t8e o9er demand is more t8an t8e s4 t8e sstations do oad s8eddin3

on distrition circits to maintain aance

# $orrection of o9er factors circits< *8e o9er factor 8as to e :et at t8e correct 7ae 98en

reacti7e oads are t8ere to rotect t8e 3eneratin3 ant and increase efficienc

5 Safet de7ices i:e circit rea:ers and fses< *8ese safet de7ices are ro7ided for rotectin3 t8e

mac8ineries on t8e distrition circit as 9e as in t8e sstation a3ainst 8i38 s8ort circit crrents

6 t contains s ars for sittin3 t8e o9er for distrition< *8ic: ars of coer to 98ic8 7arios

distritin3 circits are connected nts and ots are :no9n as s ars

Type, + ,'b,&a&)%

*es of sstation can e cassified into man cassification4 sc8 as cassification ased on 7ota3e

e7e4 cassification ased on otdoor or indoor4 cassification ased on confi3ration and cassification on

aication

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$assification ased on confi3ration 9i e discss in t8is aer Basica4 t8ere are t9o tes of

sstation Air insated otdoor sstation (AS) and S6 as insated sstation (S) *8e seection of

tes of a sstation is deends on sc8 factors as 7ota3e e7e4 oad caacit4 en7ironmenta

considerations4 site sace imitations4 and transmission.ine ri38t.of.9a re=irements

Air insated otdoor sstation (AS) is asica an otdoor sstation t8at sed t8e atmos8eric

air as insator *8e atmos8eric air insation sed in a con7entiona4 air.insated sstation (AS) re=ires

meters of air insation

-ictre s8o9 an Air insated otdoor sstation (AS)

A 3as.insated sstation (S) sa is an indoor sstation t8at se a dieectric 3as4 Sfr

8e>aforide4 S64 at moderate ressre for 8ase.to8ase and 8ase.to.3rond insation *8e 8i38 7ota3e

condctors4 circit rea:er interrters4 s9itc8es4 crrent transformers4 and 7ota3e transformers are in S6

3as inside 3ronded meta encosres S can t8erefore e smaer t8an AS to a factor of 10 A S

is most sed 98ere sace is e>ensi7e or sma n a S t8e acti7e arts are rotected from t8e

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deterioration from e>osre to atmos8eric air4 moistre and contamination n concsion4 S needed a

rea sma ace comared to AS

?

-ictre s8o9s a as insated sstation (S)

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C"p%e%& + ,'b,&a&)%

*8e comonent of sstation is accordin3 to its tes enera4 a sstation 9i contain ine

termination strctres4 s9itc83ear4 o9er transformers4 sr3e rotection4 contros4 3rondin3 (eart8in3)

sstem4 and meterin3 -o9er factor correction caacitors and 7ota3e re3ators ma aso e ocated at a

sstation

L)%e &er")%a&)% ,&r'(&'re

&ine termination strctre aso :no9n as dead.end to9er fnction to imit t8e cascadin3 to9er

faires t8at mi38t occr after a condctor faire in a on3 transmission ine

-ictre s8o9s dead end to9er in a sstation

S-)&(.!ear

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S9itc83ear is t8e comination of eectrica disconnect s9itc8es4 fses or circit rea:ers sed to

contro4 rotect and isoate eectrica e=iment S9itc83ear is sed ot8 to de.ener3i@e e=iment to ao9

9or: to e done and to cear fats do9nstream/

-ictre s8o9s a Siemens DN S S9itc83ear

-ictre s8o9s a Siemens SMO%' AS s9itc83ear

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-ictre s8o9s a Siemens DN S S9itc83ear arts

-ictre s8o9s Siemens SMO%' AS s9itc83ear arts

P-er Tra%,+r"er

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-o9er *ransformer is a static eectrica mac8ine sed for transformin3 o9er from one circit to

anot8er circit 9it8ot c8an3in3 it fre=enc *8e transformers are 3enera sed to ste do9n or ste

t8e 7ota3e e7es of a sstem for transmission and 3eneration rose *8ese transformers are cassified into

different tes ased on t8eir desi3n4 tii@ation rose and instaation met8ods

-ictre of a ste do9n o9er transformer

S'r!e pr&e(&)%

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Sr3e rotection or aso :no9n as sr3e arresters disc8ar3e t8e o7er 7ota3e sr3es to eart8 and

rotect t8e e=iment insation from s9itc8in3 sr3es and i38tnin3 sr3es Sr3e arresters are 3enera

connected et9een 8ase condctor and 3rond n a Sstation sr3e arrester is ocated at t8e startin3 of

t8e sstation as seen from incomin3 transmission ines and is t8e first e=iment of t8e sstation Sr3e

arresters are aso ro7ided near t8e transformer terminas 8ase to 3rond *9o te of sr3e arresters are

a7aiae *8at is aed Arresters and aess Zinc C O>ide arresters

-ictre s8o9s a sr3e arrester

-ictre s8o9s t8e sr3e arrester or i38tin3 arrester in t8e sstation

C%&r,

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$ontro $aes are for rotection4 contro and measrement *8e are of o9 7ota3e and -$

insated $ontro $aes are Mti core and S8ieded

-ictre s8o9s contro cae in a sstation

Gr'%d)%! 1Ear&.d)%!2 ,y,&e"

%art8 S9itc8 is sed to disc8ar3e t8e 7ota3e on t8e circit to t8e eart8 for safet %art8 s9itc8 is

monted on t8e frame of t8e isoators %art8 S9itc8 is ocated for eac8 incomer transmission ine and eac8

side of t8e sar section

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summary of substation

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