sulphuric acid production

8/13/2019 Sulphuric Acid Production

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SULFURIC ACID


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GROUP MEMBERS SALMAN SHEIKH (2012-CH-

100) UMER ALI (2012-CH-

76)

UMER TAHIR (2012-CH-

72)

EMAD ALI (2012-CH-


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INTRODUCTION

King of chemicals

Oil of vitriol

Highly corrosive

Colorless

Oily liquidViscous liquid

Dibasic


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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Molecular Formula H2SO4

Molar mass 98.079 g/mol

Appearance Clear, colorless, odorless liquid

Density 1.84 g/cm3, liquid

Melting Point 10 C, 283 K, 50 F

Boiling Point 337 C, 610 K, 639 F (Whensulfuric acid is above 300 C, it will

decompose slowly)

Solubility In water miscible

Acidity 3, 1.99

Viscosity 26.7 cP (20 C)


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GRADES OF SULFURIC ACID

Mass fractionH2SO4

Density(kg/L)

Concentration(mol/L)

Common name

10% 1.07 ~1 dilute sulfuric acid

2932% 1.251.28 4.25battery acid

(used in lead-acidbatteries)

6270% 1.521.60 9.611.5 chamber acidfertilizer acid

7880% 1.701.73 13.514tower acidGlover acid

98% 1.83 ~18

concentrated

sulfuric acid


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CHEMICAL PROPERTIESOxidizing property

Fe (s) + H2SO4(aq) H2(g) + FeSO4(aq)

Reaction with non metal

C(s) + 2 H2SO4(conc) CO2(g)+ 2SO2(g)+ 2 H2O(l)

Exothermic propertySO3(g) + H2O H2SO4(aq)(88kj)


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DEHYDRATION PROPERTY

C12H22O11(WHITE SUCROSE) + SULFURIC ACID (conc)12 C(BLACK GRAPHITIC FOAM)+ 11 H2O (steam) + SULFURIC

ACID/WATER MIXTURE

ACID BASE PROPERTIES

CuO (s) + H2SO4(aq) CuSO4(aq) + H2O (l)

DISPLACE WEAKER ACID

H2SO4(CONC)+ CH3COONA (s) NaHSO4(aq) + CH3COOH(l)


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USES OF SULFURIC ACID


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INDUSTRIAL USAGEELECTROLYTE PETROLEUM REFINING


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CATALYST PAINTS


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DETERGENTS EXPLOSIVE


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WASTE WATER

TREATMENT

FERTILIZER


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DOMESTIC USAGE

ACIDIC DRAIN CLEANER HEALTH


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PROCESS FOR SULPHURIC

ACID PRODUCTION


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PROCESS

LEAD CHAMBER PROCESSCONTACT PROCESSSingle Absorption contact process

Double absorption contact process

Wet contact process


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LEAD CHAMBER PROCESS

GLOVER TOWERConcentration of tower acid

Stripping of nitrogen dioxide

Tower/ glover acidLEAD LINED CHAMBERSChamber acid or fertilizer acid

62% - 68%H2SO4

GAY LUSSAC TOWERWash with cooled concentrated acid

78-80% H2SO

4


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LEAD CHAMBER PROCESS


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CONTACTPROCESS

Catalysis Conversion Vanadium pentaoxide catalyst over PHILLIPS

Platinum catalyst

Double catalysis process Double absorption tower used

For further purification

Wet contact process Moist sulfur dioxide-containing gases


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Single Absorption

Contact Process


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CONT..There are five steps in the manufacture of

sulphuric acid by the contact process:

Production of sulphur dioxide

Purification of gases

Oxidation of sulphur dioxide to sulphur trioxide

Absorption of sulphur trioxide in sulphuric acid Dilution of oleum


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BASIC FLOW DIAGRAM


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Reaction Chemistry

Sulphur BurnerS(aq)+ O2(g) SO2(g) H = -298.3 kJ, 25C

4 pass converterSO

2(g)+ O

2(g) SO

3(g) H = -98.3 kJ, 25C

Oleum TowerSO3(g)+ H2SO4(aq) H2S2O7(aq) H = -130.4 kJ, 25C

Absorbtion towerH2S2O7(aq)+ H2O(g) H2SO4(aq)


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PROCESS FLOW

DIAGRAM

Process Flow Diagram


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Process Flow Diagram


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EQUIPMENT'S Cooler

Centrifugal pump

Blower

Drying tower

Sulfur burner

Waste heat boiler

Electrostatic dust precipitator

Heat exchanger

4-pass converter

Economizer

Absorbing tower

Scrubber


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COOLER An induced draft cooling tower.

Acid cooler over absorbing tower maintain the temperature

of it.

Acid cooler over drying tower to maintain the concentration

of H2SO4and also used for drying air.


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CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

ACID PUMP

TO CIRCULATE THE ACID OVER THE DRYING AND

ABSORPTION TOWER.

SULFUR PUMP

PREVENT THE SULFUR FROM COOLING AND

SOLIDIFICATION.


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BLOWER

To propel the air at high pressure. React with sulfur in a burner. Major energy consumer.


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DRYING TOWER

To remove moisture from air by H

2

SO4

(93 98%.)

In first tower, air is enter and pure by H2SO4

In second tower, moist air is enter from scrubber.


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SULFURBURNER

The temperature of burner is 1000 -

1200C.

Dry enters in burner.

Dry air react with molten Sulfur to give SO2.


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WASTE HEAT BOILER

First boiler, maintain the temperature of SO2andpass it to precipitator.

second boiler, maintain the temperature of SO3

which come from second round of converter from( 510 to 450C)and alsoproduce steam from SO2and SO3.


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ELECTROSTATIC DUST PRECIPITATOR

It separate the unwanted particle by electrostaticattraction.

Separate the dust andsmoke particles from SO2and push to scrubber.


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HEAT EXCHANGER

First time, when SO3exchange heat with air(steam)for sulfur burner.

Second time, exchange the heat of SO3 by air tomaintain the temperature of 4-pass converter from(600 to 450C).


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4-PASS CONVERTER

Basically a reactor that

converts SO2into SO3in

areversible process

It uses vanadium pentoxideas catalyst

It operates usually at 450-

500 degree celcius with 1-2atm pressure.

Give 98-99% conversion into

so3


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ECONOMIZER

The SO3 which is come from 4-pass converter,temperature is 535C.

To control heat of SO3 and produce steam.

Improves the economy.


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ABSORBING TOWER

After economizer, first tower absorb water to convertoleum.

Second tower, convert it into fuming H2SO4. leave the stack gases.


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SCRUBBER

To remove the dust particle from SO2gas byspraying liquid.

It give the moist SO2 and give

it to the drying tower formaximum drying SO2 .


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THE END

sulphuric acid production

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