sullivan & associates communication and educational services 2007

Sullivan & Associates Sullivan & Associates Communication and Educational Services 2007Communication and Educational Services 2007


Self-trainingSelf-training

Capitalize StrengthsCapitalize Strengths Target Attainable Skill ImprovementsTarget Attainable Skill Improvements Solicit FeedbackSolicit Feedback


Why Speak?Why Speak?

• AwarenessAwareness

• UnderstandingUnderstanding

• ActionAction


Behavioral ObjectivesBehavioral Objectives

AwarenessAwareness

The audience should be able to recall The audience should be able to recall superficial knowledge of a recent change, superficial knowledge of a recent change, a need for a change, or a development a need for a change, or a development that was formerly unknown to the that was formerly unknown to the audienceaudience



UnderstandingUnderstanding

The audience should be able to The audience should be able to recall specific details of a recall specific details of a particular topic.particular topic.



ActionAction

An audience should be able to think, feel or An audience should be able to think, feel or act in a way predetermined by a act in a way predetermined by a communicator.communicator.


Communication ObjectivesCommunication Objectives

What do I want my audience to feel, think, or What do I want my audience to feel, think, or do as a result of my speaking with them?do as a result of my speaking with them?

The answer to the question should be stated The answer to the question should be stated in a simple declarative sentence beginning in a simple declarative sentence beginning with the phrase, “The audience should be with the phrase, “The audience should be able to …”able to …”


Basic Speech StructureBasic Speech Structure

IntroductionIntroduction

DevelopmentDevelopment

SummarySummary

Question and Answer PeriodQuestion and Answer Period

Final SummaryFinal Summary


IntroductionIntroduction

Focus the expectations of an audience on Focus the expectations of an audience on the speaker’s main ideas.the speaker’s main ideas.

Answer the question, “Why should I sit here Answer the question, “Why should I sit here (as a member of the audience) and listen (as a member of the audience) and listen to you talk about this?”to you talk about this?”


Tailor the Intro to the AudienceTailor the Intro to the Audience

Specific Reference to the AudienceSpecific Reference to the Audience Reference the TopicReference the Topic Reference the OccasionReference the Occasion Attract the Attention of the Audience and focus itAttract the Attention of the Audience and focus it Develop the audience’s need to listenDevelop the audience’s need to listen Focus the audience’s attention to the goodwill Focus the audience’s attention to the goodwill

and credibility of the speaker.and credibility of the speaker. Invite questions at the conclusion of your Invite questions at the conclusion of your

presentations.presentations.


DevelopmentDevelopment

Ideas introduced in the introduction are Ideas introduced in the introduction are enumerated, explained and/or argued enumerated, explained and/or argued convincingly.convincingly.


Developing IdeasDeveloping Ideas

Idea CommunicabilityIdea Communicability

Least DifficultLeast Difficult Most DifficultMost Difficult

Simple IdeaSimple Idea Complex IdeaComplex Idea

Acceptable Acceptable IdeasIdeas

Unacceptable Unacceptable IdeasIdeas

Familiar Familiar ConceptConcept

Unfamiliar Unfamiliar ConceptConcept


Supporting MaterialSupporting Material

IllustrationIllustration

An illustration is a detailed An illustration is a detailed description of an event.description of an event.



StatisticsStatistics

Using figures to show the significance of a Using figures to show the significance of a particular point. A speaker should cite the particular point. A speaker should cite the source of statistics so that the audience source of statistics so that the audience

can verify them.can verify them.



ExplanationExplanation

Explanation describes the details of a Explanation describes the details of a particular point in order to clarify it. It particular point in order to clarify it. It usually begins with the phrase, “This usually begins with the phrase, “This means that…”means that…”



TestimonyTestimony

Testimony is any material a speaker quotes Testimony is any material a speaker quotes during a speech.during a speech.



ParticipationParticipation

Direct and purposive action by the audience Direct and purposive action by the audience is extremely effective. Materials in this is extremely effective. Materials in this include; tours, audience response, and include; tours, audience response, and “Hands On” activities.“Hands On” activities.


The Message UnitThe Message Unit

The message unit is an idea or assertion The message unit is an idea or assertion and its supporting material. An Idea or and its supporting material. An Idea or assertion is a conclusion that one draws assertion is a conclusion that one draws from observation. It is an opinion that from observation. It is an opinion that needs support in the form of a variety of needs support in the form of a variety of supporting materials.supporting materials.


Message UnitMessage Unit

I. AssertionI. Assertion

• ExplanationExplanation

• IllustrationIllustration

• StatisticsStatistics

• TestimonyTestimony

• Specific instancesSpecific instances


Question and Answer SessionQuestion and Answer Session

ListenListen Pause Before AnsweringPause Before Answering Answer Directly and BrieflyAnswer Directly and Briefly Divide Complex QuestionsDivide Complex Questions Clarify QuestionsClarify Questions Avoid Direct DebateAvoid Direct Debate If you don’t know the answer, admit it!If you don’t know the answer, admit it!


ConclusionConclusion

Summarize your major point.Summarize your major point. Include answers to some of the questionsInclude answers to some of the questions

sullivan & associates communication and educational services 2007

Documents

educational services

audience reference

communication objectives

feedback slide

audience specific reference

topic reference

occasion reference

audiences attention