suitability analysis of land use records of agricultural and forest land … · 2013. 9. 19. ·...

Acta geographica Slovenica, 53-1, 2013, 71–90

SUITABILITY ANALYSIS OF LAND USERECORDS OF AGRICULTURAL AND

FOREST LAND FOR DETECTING LANDUSE CHANGE ON THE CASE OF THEPOMURSKA STATISTICAL REGIONANALIZA PRIMERNOSTI EVIDENCE

RABE KMETIJSKIH IN GOZDNIHZEMLJI[^ ZA DOLO^ANJE SPREMEMB

RABE ZEMLJI[^ NA PRIMERUPOMURSKE STATISTI^NE REGIJE

Anka Lisec, Jernej Pi{ek, Samo Drobne

Agricultural landscape with hedgerows surroundedby forests in the North-East Slovenia.

Kmetijska krajina z `ivicami, obdana z gozdom,v severovzhodni Sloveniji.

AN

KA

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Anka Lisec, Jernej Pi{ek, Samo Drobne, Suitability analysis of land use records of agricultural and forest land for detecting land use …

Suitability analysis of land use records of agricultural andforest land for detecting land use change on the case of thePomurska Statistical Region

DOI: 10.3986/AGS53104UDC: 332.3:311.313(497.411)"2002/2011COBISS: 1.01

ABSTRACT: The article presents the results of suitability analysis of land use records of agricultural andforest land from the Slovenian ministry responsible for agriculture, for the purpose of land use changemonitoring in Slovenia. To date, these data are the only systematically gathered data concerning land usein the country. For qualitative land use change detection, the metadata of land use datasets are of crucialimportance. In the article, the changing criteria for land use data acquisition of agricultural and forestland are exposed. For the case of the Pomurska Statistical Region, the analysis of land use change has beenconducted based on land use data of the agricultural ministry in the period 2002–2011. The main objec-tive has been to provide the basic information on the quality of used datasets in order to assist the criticaland correct interpretation and use of land use data of the agricultural sector.

KEY WORDS: land use, land use change, metadata, spatial analysis, Pomurska Statistical Region, Slovenia

The article was submitted for publication on December 12, 2012.

ADDRESSES:Anka Lisec, Ph.D.University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Civil and Geodetic EngineeringJamova 2, SI – 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaE-mail: anka.lisec�fgg.uni-lj.si

Jernej Pi{ek, B. Sc.Ro{nja 62c, SI – 2205 Star{e, SloveniaE-mail: jernej.pisek�gmail.com

Samo Drobne, M. Sc.University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Civil and Geodetic EngineeringJamova 2, SI – 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaE-mail: samo.drobne�fgg.uni-lj.si

Contents

1 Introduction 732 Materials and methods 743 Results and discussion 753.1 Methods of land use data acquisition 753.2 Analysis of land use change in the Pomurska

Statistical Region in the period 2002–2011 784 Conclusion 825 Refe ren ces 82

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1 IntroductionLand has always lied at the foundation of human life. The need for better land management is present allover the world (Larsson 1997), not least because land resources are becoming more and more scarce dueto human intervention and natural phenomena. Data on land use and/or land cover and their changesare essential for making quality decisions in space (i.e. in spatial planning, land management). Here, land-useand land-cover change is a general term for the human and natural modification of Earth's terrestrial sur-face. According to Ellis (2010), the term of land cover refers to the physical and biological cover over thesurface of land. The definition of land use, however, is a more demanding task. In the fields of naturalsciences, land use is defined in terms of syndromes of human activities such as agriculture, forestry andbuilding construction that alter the Earth's surface. In the fields of social sciences and land management,land use is discussed more broadly, so that it includes the social and economic purposes and contexts forand within which lands are managed. While land cover can be observed directly in the field or by remotesensing, observations of land use generally require the integration of natural and social scientific meth-ods (Ellis 2010).

Problems of land use and land cover have attracted interest among a wide variety of researchers con-cerned with modelling the spatial and temporal patterns of land use change. Among these, spatial modelsof land use change have been developed at highly detailed levels, such as at the level of individual landplots or other elementary units of the landscape (Gabrovec and Kladnik 1997; Gabrovec, Kladnik andPetek 2000; Petek 2002 and 2005; Hrvatin and Perko 2003; Pontius, Shusas and McEachern 2004; Hrvatin,Perko and Petek 2006; Topole et al. 2006; Kladnik and Petek 2007; Swetnam 2007; Cigli~ et al. 2012; Ribeiro,Ellis Burnet and Torkar, 2013). In the last decade, significant progress has been done in acquiring landcover data from remotely sensed data (Kokalj and O{tir 2005; Koomenet al. 2007; Veljanovski 2007;Foody 2010). Less attention has been given to data quality and metadata of existing land use datasets, usedfor analyses of land use change.

Spatial data quality is represented by a set of components or elements and subelements, such as accu-racy, completeness and reconciliation. The elements of spatial data quality are estimated from threefundamental perspectives of spatial data, i.e. with regard to spatial, temporal and attribute characteris-tics. The fundamental information on quality, source and other data characteristics is the component ofmetadata, which are designed for technical and commercial presentation of data ([umrada 2005; Lisec 2007),and should be the obligatory constituent of each dataset. These data enable the providers and users todefine the relationship between the quality and applicability of datasets.

In Slovenia, the Land Cadastre represented one of the crucial data sources for the analyses of land usechange in the past (Petek 2002; Petek and Urbanc 2004). For the current state, different datasets on landuse and land cover are available; however, in the last decade land cadastre data have been of less interestwhen dealing with land use change. The main reason has been the insufficient maintenance of land useattribute data in the system of land cadastre in the past decades (Gabrovec and Kladnik 1997; ̂ eh 2002).A few years ago, the Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia presented land cover data based on theanalyses of satellite data Landsat ETM/TM – the solution was known as StatGIS (Skumavec and[abi~ 2005). For the Slovenian territory, the CORINE Land Cover data are also available, which are basedon the classification of satellite imageries. Different reports on land use change in Slovenia are based onland use records of agricultural and forest land from the ministry responsible for agriculture (hereinafteragricultural ministry), as these records are considered as the only systematic data collection about the actu-al land use in the country (Hrvatin et al. 2006; Petek 2007; Vr{~aj 2008; Mili~i} and Udov~ 2012). As such,these data are also the subject under discussion in this article.

In the article, the results of suitability analysis of land use records from the agricultural ministryfor the purpose of land use change monitoring are presented. In the first part, the acquisition meth-ods of vector data are presented, which were in the second part used for the analysis of land use changein the Pomurska Statistical Region in the period 2002–2011. The main aim has been to provide the fun-damental information on the quality of used datasets with the purpose of ensuring their critical andproper use.

Acta geographica Slovenica, 53-1, 2013

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2 Materials and methodsThe suitability analysis of agricultural and forest land use data of agricultural ministry (hereinafter landuse data) for the purpose of land use change detection in the period 2002–2011 was conducted in twosteps:• The review of the methodology for land use data acquisition in different periods, with an emphasis onthe presentation of land use classes (types) and analysis of criteria (minimum area) for polygon acqui-sition of the individual land use class;

• The analysis of land use change in the GIS environment in the area of the Pomurska Statistical Regionbased on overlaying of vector land use data from datasets from different periods.The instructions for land use data acquisition and data themselves for the period 2002–2011 were

acquired from the agricultural ministry (Internet 1). During the quality data analysis, the time perspec-tive of the primary data source and the methodology of land use data acquisition are exposed, which weresurveyed using the so-called interpretation keys and instructions for data acquisition (MKO 2011). Theland use data from the agricultural ministry are available in vector format for the whole territory of Slovenia.The first version is available for 2002. For the whole territory of Slovenia, they were updated in the ver-sions for 2005, 2009 and 2011. Hence, the analysis of land use change was done for three time periods:2002–2005, 2005–2009 and 2009–2011. It was conducted in the ArcGIS environment, where data on landuse change for the discussed periods in the pilot area were provided using the functions of overlaying,intersecting and dissolving of vector data layers, thus providing the basis for the evaluation of data applic-ability for this purpose.

Land use records of agricultural and forest land, which have been established and maintained by theagricultural ministry, are primarily meant for the agricultural sector, which is reflected in the land useclasses and land use types. For the analysis of land use change in the pilot area, seven land use classes weredefined, which was done by reclassifying the land use classes from the records of the agricultural min-istry (Table 1).

Table 1: Reclassification of land use data from the agricultural ministry.

New land use class Land use class in the official records

1 Field or garden 1100 Field or garden1130 Temporary meadow1180 Field with permanent plants1190 Greenhouse

2 Permanent plantation 1211 Vineyard1212 Vine field for grape nurseries1221 Intensive orchard1222 Extensive orchard1230 Olive trees orchard1240 Other permanent plantations

3 Meadows 1300 Permanent meadow1321 Marshy meadow1800 Grass meadow with forest trees

4 Other agricultural land 1410 Overgrown agricultural land1420 Plantation of forest trees1500 Trees and bushes1600 Uncultivated agricultural land

5 Forest 2000 Forest

6 Built-up land 3000 Built-up and related areas

7 Other non-agricultural land 4100 Marshland4210 Reeds4220 Other wetland5000 Dry land with specific vegetation cover6000 Barren land with negligible or no vegetation7000 Water areas

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3 Results and discussion

3.1 Methods of land use data acquisition

Land use data for the purpose of agricultural policy were first acquired back in 1996 in the frame of a pilotproject in the area of Gornja Radgona, while the first register for the whole of Slovenia was establishedin 2002. The need for a new register of agricultural and forest land use appeared mainly due to the unsuit-able data of the land cadastre as the fundamental land records (Lisec 2007; ^eh et al. 2011; Mili~i} andUdov~ 2012) for the implementation of the European agricultural policy. The methodology of land usedata acquisition was based on the visual photo-interpretation of orthophotos, where the object cataloguewas prepared in advance, having consisted of 70 land use classes; later the number of classes was reduced.The acquisition of vector data (land use polygons) was conducted for each individual sheet of the tradi-


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Murska Sobota

Authors/avtorja: Jernej Pišek, Anka LisecSource/vir: Ministry of Agriculture and the Environment, Surveying and Mapping Authority of the Republic of Slovenia/ Ministrstvo za kmetijstvo in okolje, Geodetska uprava Republike Slovenije© University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering

Legend/legenda

land use change 2002–2005/spremembe rabe zemljišč 2002–2005

TTN5 sheets/listi TTN5

Pomurska statistical region/pomurska statistična regija

0 10 205 km

0 10,5 km

Figure 1: Areas of land use change in the Pomurska Statistical Region in the period 2002–2005 as a result of vector data intersection ofland use datasets in 2002 and 2005.


tional 1 : 5000 (TTN5) basic topographic map. In the data acquisition, the interpreters were supportedby interpretation keys, i.e. instructions for the determination of land use of agricultural and forest land(MKO 2011; Pi{ek 2012). Some errors and discrepancies that were identified during control were veri-fied in the field and in cooperation with other sectors (particularly with the Slovenian Forest Service aidingto determine forest borders). Topological verification was done simultaneously, and the topology in eachsheet of the acquired data was independently verified. The positional accuracy, conditioned also by thequality of the orthophoto, is not discussed here, even though this issue is often unjustifiably neglected.Notably, the orthophoto is a secondary source of spatial data and its quality depends on the quality ofprimary sources and the methodology as well as the quality of its execution.

After the establishment of the records in 2002, the maintenance of land use data was entrusted to theagricultural ministry. The maintenance has been implemented in a cyclic manner, i.e. each year land usedata have been updated for approximately one third of the Slovenian territory. Land use records of agri-cultural and forest land were completely updated in 2005, 2009 and 2011. Notably, land use dataacquisition for 2002 was based on the orthophotos from the period 1997–2002 (in some areas also 1995),and land use data acquisition for 2005 on the orthophotos from the period 2000–2003. In 2006, the firstaerial data acquisition was executed and the first orthophoto for the whole Slovenia was provided for thispurpose (Internet 2); this was then the basis for land use data acquisition for 2009. For the North-Eastof Slovenia, the orthophoto was provided in 2010 (Internet 3), which was the basis for land use data acqui-sition in 2011. From Figure 1 it is evident that, with respect to the data of 2002, there were no data updatesfor some map sheets in 2005.

Land use for the individual years was acquired using the so-called interpretation key and other rec-ommendations. An important criterion for data acquisition is the criterion of minimum area for theindividual land use class (Table 2). For 2002, there were 19 classes of land use defined, while in 2004 newclasses were introduced: temporary meadow, permanent meadow and overgrown agricultural land. Forthe classes of field or garden, marshy meadow, overgrown agricultural land, plantation of forest trees, andareas of trees and bushes, the minimum area criterion was decreased; for the class of built-up and relat-ed areas the minimum area criterion was increased. In 2005, two classes, i.e. class of greenhouse and classof uncultivated agricultural land, were introduced. For the class of other permanent plantations the min-imum area criterion was reduced. In 2006, the class of temporary meadow was abolished, and the classof vine field for grape nurseries was introduced. In 2008, the minimum area criterion was halved for theacquisition of forests. In 2009, the minimum area criterion for the class of hop plantation was decreased

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Table 2: Land use classes for which the criterion of minimum data acquisition area was changed (in m2) in the period 2002–2011.

ID and description of land use class Minimum area of polygon for data acquisition (m2)

Instructions – interpretation keys (year)

2002 2004 2005 2006 2008 2009 2010 2011

1100 Field or garden 5000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 10001130 Temporary meadow X 1000 1000 X X X X X1160 Hop plantation 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 500 500 5001180 Field with permanent plants X X 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 10001190 Greenhouse X X 25 25 25 25 25 251212 Vine field for grape nurseries X X X 500 500 500 500 5001240 Other permanent plantations 1000 1000 500 500 500 500 500 5001300 Permanent meadow X 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 10001321 Marshy meadow 5000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 10001800 Grass meadows with forest trees 5000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 10001410 Overgrown agricultural land 5000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 10001420 Plantation of forest trees 5000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 10001500 Areas of trees and bushes X X 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 10001600 Uncultivated agricultural land X 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 10002000 Forest 5000 5000 5000 5000 2500 2500 2500 25003000 Built-up and related areas 10 25 25 25 25 25 25 257000 Water areas 10 10 10 10 10 25 25 25

and that for the class of water areas was increased. Since 2006, there have been 25 different classes of landuse. The class of temporary meadow first appeared in the records in 2005. This class covered land thatwas temporary planted with grass or other forages and was used for haymaking or pastures several timesduring the seasons. This class was later abolished, and the land in question was classified as the class offield or garden or temporary meadow.

Instructions for land use data acquisition prescribe the minimum polygon width of 2m (narrow, longstructures and water infrastructures are to be acquired only if they are wider than 2m). In case the poly-gon is narrower or smaller than the minimum area, its area is combined with the adjacent polygon inaccordance with the preferential rules for classification. Upon reviewing the data from different periods,it became evident that – beside the changed criteria – many changes were made in data acquisition (photo-inter-


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Authors/avtorja: Jernej Pišek, Anka LisecSource/vir: Ministry of Agriculture and the Environment/Ministrstvo za kmetijstvo in okolje© University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering

Legend/legenda

!eld or garden/njiva ali vrt

permanent plantation/trajni nasad

meadows/travniška zemljišča

other agricultural land/druga kmetijska zemljišča

forest/gozd

built-up land/pozidana zemljišča

water land/vodna zemljišča

other land/ostala zemljišča

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Figure 2: Fictitious land use change in the town of Stave{inski Vrh, Municipality of Gornja Radgona, in the period 2002–2011: the influenceof the methodology for land use data acquisition of built-up land.


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pretation of orthophotos), particularly in determination of built-up areas (Figure 2). This, however, isnot evident from the criteria of data acquisition. For this reason, these datasets are only conditionally suit-able for the analyses of urbanisation (in combination with other primary sources), especially because therecords were designed and established for agricultural purposes.

3.2 Analysis of land use change in the Pomurska Statistical Regionin the period 2002–2011

According to the land use data in 2002, in the Pomurska Statistical Region, with a total area of 133,753ha,the land use class of field and garden prevailed (45%), followed by forests (30%), meadows, permanentplantations, other agricultural land, built-up land and other non-agricultural land. A simple compari-son of land use in the reference years indicates a decrease in fields and gardens, an increase in forests, whilethere is plenty of vagueness about permanent plantations, meadows and built-up areas. When determiningthe types of land use changes a question about data reliability arises; as an example, by comparative analy-sis of the changed land use classes in different periods (2002–2005, 2005–2009 and 2009–2011) the doubtarose whether there really was a decrease in built-up areas by more than 500ha in the Pomurska StatisticalRegion in the period 2005–2009 (Figure 3).

Based on the comparison of land use data for 2002 and 2011, it has been ascertained that in the ter-ritory of the Pomurska Statistical Region land use change was present on 26,714ha, i.e. on 20% of theanalysed territory. The most noticeable was the decrease in fields and gardens, while there was a contin-uous increase in meadows, other agricultural land and forests throughout the study period. Interestingly,built-up land increased in the period 2002–2005, but it decreased in other study periods; a similar decreasein built-up land was characteristic for the whole analysed period (Figure 4), confirming our assumptionsabout the many inconsistencies in the analysed period, particularly in connection to data acquisition ofbuilt-up land. Although the revitalisation of built-up areas is a well-known process in land use change,this particular case cannot be attributed to this, in practice, rare phenomenon.

On the basis of the so-called land use change matrix we studied what kind of land use transits (changes)appeared between the individual land use classes in the studied areas in the periods 2002–2005, 2005–2009and 2009–2011. For the analysed period of 2002–2005, the matrix (Table 3) reveals that there was a decreasein fields and gardens in 2005, which can be explained as the process of land use change from fields or gar-dens to meadows. An interesting reverse process has been also recognized, where over 1600ha ofmeadows from 2002 changed to the class of field or garden in 2005. Regarding the range of the changedareas, the relatively high percentage of the areas that changed from other agricultural land to forests mustbe highlighted. The land use change process to built-up areas is evident particularly for the classes of fieldsand gardens, and meadows.

Table 3: Actual land use – areas of actual land use classes in 2005 in reference to 2002, in ha.

Land use in 2002 Land use in 2005

Field Permanent Meadows Other Forest Built-up Other Totalor garden plantation agricultural land non-

land agriculturalland

Field or garden 55,884 272 3438 267 216 492 74 60,644Permanent plantation 137 4209 288 36 42 183 0 4895Meadows 1692 282 11259 434 350 239 125 14,380Other agricultural land 83 46 256 1552 754 55 35 2781Forest 118 60 267 202 39,863 91 38 40,640Built-up land 119 157 325 35 53 8294 20 9002Other non-agricultural land 18 0 121 39 37 18 1176 1411Total 58,051 5026 15,954 2564 41,317 9373 1469 133,753

The results of the land use change matrix are represented graphically (Figure 5). For the territory ofthe Pomurska Statistical Region, land use changes (transits) between the pairs of land use classes are graph-


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4 – other agricultural land/druga kmetijska zemljiš ač

5 – forest/gozd

6 – built-up land/pozidana zemljiš ač

7 – other non-agricultural land/ostala nekmetijska zemljiš ač

Figure 3: Land use change in the Pomurska Statistical Region for the compared periods according to land use records of the agriculturalministry.

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Figure 4: Land use change in the Pomurska Statistical Region in reference to 2002, according to the land use records of the agriculturalministry.

Figure 5: The matrix of changes of land use types (classes) in the Pomurska Statistical Region. p p. 80


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Ortophoto 1998/ortofoto 1998 Ortophoto 2010/ortofoto 2010

Authors/avtorja: Jernej Pišek, Anka LisecSource/vir: Ministry of Agriculture and the Environment, Surveying and Mapping Authority of the Republic of Slovenia/ Ministrstvo za kmetijstvo in okolje, Geodetska uprava Republike Slovenije© University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering

Legend/legenda

!elds or garden/njiva ali vrt

permanent plantation/trajni nasad

meadows/travniška zemljišča

other agricultural land/druga kmetijska zemljišča

forest/gozd

built-up land/pozidana zemljišča

water land/vodna zemljišča

other land/ostala zemljišča

0 250 500125 m

Figure 6: Land use data change and actual land use change (orthophoto) in Lendava in the period 2002–2011.


ically represented only if the total land use change exceeded the area of 100ha in the analysed periods.The thickness of the graphical links between land use classes earmarks the intensity of the change. Onthe basis of the conducted analyses of land use change in the study periods, a relatively strong intensifi-cation (particularly land use change from meadows to fields and gardens) has been recognized in the pilotregion; the process of grassing over (land use change from fields and gardens to meadows) was even stronger –according to the types of land use change processes by Jakob Medved (1970; summarized by Gabrovecand Kladnik 1997, 64). In particular, since 2005 strong afforestation (areas grown over with forests) hasbeen evident.

Regarding land use changes related to the built-up areas in the Pomurska Statistical Region in the studyperiod, it has been recognized that there were new built-up lands, particularly in the areas of previousfields and gardens (Figure 6), which is evident also from the graphical representation with the land usechange matrix. However, it is harder to explain the reverse process, i.e. land use change from built-up landto other land use categories. As it has been said, this is mainly attributed to the data acquisition method-ology.

4 ConclusionBased on the review of the data acquisition methodology of land use records for agricultural and forestland, which is managed and maintained by the agricultural ministry, it has been shown that special atten-tion has to be given to the primary data source (the reference time point of data) and to the methodologyof data acquisition when using these data for analyses of land use change. These records were primarilydesigned for the agricultural sector, which is evident when reviewing land use classes and land use types.Taking these facts into consideration, land use records of agricultural and forest land are appropriate foranalyses of agricultural and forest land use change; however, the results should comprise the informa-tion on the characteristics of the data used and their impact on the results.

Considering these facts we can conclude that the prevailing land use changes in the Pomurska StatisticalRegion are associated with the processes of grassing over and afforestation in the period 2002–2011. Moreprecaution is required when studying land use change related to built-up land, as the instructions for dataacquisition in this segment have changed the most. In summary, it can be concluded that without addi-tional control of land use data reliability or additional data the presented records are not suitable for theanalyses of the growth of built-up areas.

5 Refe ren cesCi gli~, R., Hrva tin, M., Komac, B., Per ko, D. 2012: Karst as a cri te rion for defi ning areas less sui tab le for

agri cul tu re. Acta geo grap hi ca Slo ve ni ca 52-1. Ljub lja na. DOI: 10.3986/AGS52103^eh, M. 2002: Ana li za geo det skih podat kov nih zbirk za potre be kme tijs tva. Doc to ral dis ser ta tion. Uni -

ver sity of Ljub lja na, Faculty of Civil and Geo de tic Engi nee ring. Ljub lja na.^eh, M., Lisec, A., Fer lan, M., [umra da, R. 2011: Geo det sko pod pr ta pre no va gra fi~ ne ga dela zem lji{ kega

kata stra. Geo det ski vest nik 55-2. Ljub lja na.El lis, E. 2010: Land-use and land-co ver chan ge. Encyc lo pe dia of Earth. Inter net: http://www.eo earth.org/ar -

tic le/Land-use_and_land-co ver_chan ge (15. 10. 2012).Foody, G.M. 2010: Asses sing the accu racy of land cover chan ge with imper fect ground refe ren ce data. Remo -

te Sen sing of Envi ron ment 114-10. St. Paul, Min ne so ta. DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2010.05.003Ga bro vec, M., Klad nik, D. 1997: Some New Aspects of Land Use in Slo ve nia. Geo graf ski zbor nik 37. Ljub -

lja na.Ga bro vec, M., Klad nik, D., Petek, F. 2000: Land use chan ges in the 20th cen tury in Slo ve nia. Land use,

cover chan ges in selec ted regions in the world. Asa hi ka wa.Hr va tin, M., Per ko, D. 2003: Sur fa ce Rough ness and Land Use in Slo ve nia. Acta geo grap hi ca Slo ve ni ca 43-1.

Ljub lja na. DOI: 10.3986/AGS43202Hr va tin, M., Per ko, D., Petek, F. 2006: Land use in selec ted ero sion-risk areas of Ter tiary low hills in Slo -

ve nia. Acta geo grap hi ca Slo ve ni ca 46-1. Ljub lja na. DOI: 10.3986/AGS46103In ter net 1: http://rkg.gov.si/GERK (15. 6. 2012).

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In ter net 2: http://e-pro stor.gov.si (15. 6. 2012).In ter net 3: http://rkg.gov.si/GERK/do cu ments/Ob no va RABA ob ve sti lo.pdf (9. 6. 2012).Klad nik, D., Petek, F. 2007: Kme tijs tvo in spre mi nja nje rabe tal na Ljub ljan skem polju. Geo graf ski vest -

nik 79-2. Ljub lja na.Ko kalj, @., O{tir, K. 2005: Ugo tav lja nje pokrov no sti iz sate lit skih posnet kov in vred no te nje pokra jin skoe -

ko lo{ kih tipov Slo ve ni je. Geo graf ski obzor nik 52-4. Ljub lja na.Koo men, E., Still well, J., Bake ma, A., Schol ten, H. J. 2007: Model ling land use chan ge: Pro gress and appli -

ca tions. Dor drecht.Lars son, G. 1997: Land mana ge ment: pub lic policy, con trol and par ti ci pa tion. The Swe dish Coun cil for

Buil ding Research. Stock holm.Li sec, A. 2007: Vpliv izbra nih dejav ni kov na tr` no vred nost zem lji{~ v po stop ku mno ̀ i~ ne ga vred no tenja

kme tij skih zem lji{~. Doc to ral dis ser ta tion. Uni ver sity of Ljub lja na, Bio tech ni cal Faculty. Ljub lja na.Mi li ~i}, V., Udov~, A. 2012: Spa tial data uti li za tion of the agri cul tu ral sec tor for the pur po ses of agri cul -

tu ral land use chan ge in the case of selec ted natu re pro tec ted area in Slo ve nia. Geo det ski vest nik 56-1.Ljub lja na.

MKO 2011. Inter pre ta cij ski klju ~i V 1.0. 2002, V 2.0. 2004, 3.0. 2005, V 4.0. 2006, V 4.1. 2008, V 5.1. 2010,V 5.2. 2011. Mini stry of Agri cul tu re and Envi ron ment. Ljub lja na.

Pe tek, F. 2002: Met ho do logy of eva lua tion of chan ges in land use in Slo ve nia bet ween 1896 and 1999. Geo -graf ski zbor nik 42. Ljub lja na.

Pe tek, F. 2005: Typo logy of Slo ve nia's Alpi ne region with emp ha sis on land use and chan ges in land use.Acta geo grap hi ca Slo ve ni ca 45-1. Ljub lja na. DOI: 10.3986/AGS45102

Pe tek, F. 2007: Spre mi nja nje rabe tal v se ver nih Gori{ kih brdih. Geo graf ski vest nik 79-1. Ljub lja na.Pe tek, F., Urbanc, M. 2004: The Fran zis cean Land Cada stre as a key to under stan ding the 19th-cen tury

cul tu ral lands ca pe in Slo ve nia. Acta geo grap hi ca Slo ve ni ca 44-1. Ljub lja na.Pi {ek, J. 2012: Ana li za spre mem be rabe kme tij skih zem lji{~ v po mur ski sta ti sti~ ni regi ji v ob dob ju 2000–2011.

Diplo ma the sis. Uni ver sity of Ljub lja na, Faculty of Civil and Geo de tic Engi nee ring. Ljub lja na.Pon tius, Jr.R.G., Shu sas, E., McEac hern, M. 2004: Detec ting impor tant cate go ri cal land chan ges whi le accoun -

ting for per si sten ce. Agri cul tu re, Ecosy stems & Envi ron ment 101, 1–2. Zürich. DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2003.09.008Ri be rio, D., Ellis Bur net, J., Tokar, G. 2013: Four win dows on bor der lands: dimen sions of pla ce defi ned by land

cover chan ge data from histo ri cal maps. Acta geographica Slovenica 53-2. Ljubljana. DOI: 103986/AGS53204Sku ma vec, D., [abi~, D. 2005: Pokrov nost tal v Slo ve ni ji 1993–2001. Sta ti sti~ ni urad Repub li ke Slo ve nije.

Ljub lja na. Inter net: http://www.stat.si/doc/pub/rr-815-05.pdf (30. 1. 2012).Swet nam, R.D. 2007: Rural land use in England and Wales bet ween 1930 and 1998: Map ping tra jec to ries

of chan ge with a high reso lu tion spa tio-tem po ral data set. Lands ca pe and Urban Plan ning 81, 1–2.Amster dam. DOI: 10.1068/j.lan durb plan.2006.10.013

[u mra da, R. 2005: Struk tu re podat kov in pro stor ske ana li ze. Uni ver sity of Ljub lja na, Faculty of Civil andGeo de tic Engi nee ring. Ljub lja na.

To po le, M., Bole, D., Petek, F., Repo lusk, P. 2006: Spa tial and func tio nal chan ges in built-up areas in selec tedSlo ve ne rural sett le ments after 1991. Acta geo grap hi ca Slo ve ni ca 46-2. Ljub lja na. DOI: 10.3986/AGS46203

Ve lja nov ski, T. 2007: Zaz na va nje spre memb na povr{ ju s po dat ki daljin ske ga zaz na va nja. Doc to ral dis -ser ta tion. Uni ver sity of Ljub lja na, Faculty of Civil and Geo de tic Engi nee ring. Ljub lja na.

Vr{ ~aj, B. 2008: Spre mem ba rabe zem lji{~ in kme tijs tvo. Kazal ci oko lja v Slo ve ni ji. Ljub lja na.


83

Anka Lisec, Jernej Pi{ek, Samo Drobne, Ana li za pri mer no sti evi den ce rabe kme tij skih in gozd nih zem lji{~ za dolo ~a nje spre memb …

Ana li za pri mer no sti evi den ce rabe kme tij skih in gozd nihzem lji{~ za dolo ~a nje spre memb rabe zem lji{~ na pri me ruPomur ske sta ti sti~ ne regi je

DOI: 10.3986/AGS53104UDK: 332.3:311.313(497.411)"2002/2011COBISS: 1.01

IZVLE^EK: V pris pev ku so pred stav lje ni rezul ta ti ana li ze pri mer no sti podat kov evi den ce rabe kme tij -skih in gozd nih zem lji{~ mini strs tva, pri stoj ne ga za kme tijs tvo, za namen sprem lja nja spre mi nja nja rabezem lji{~ v Slo ve ni ji. Ti podat ki pred stav lja jo danes edi no sistem sko zbi ra nje podat kov o rabi zem lji{~ v dr -`a vi. Za kako vost no dolo ~a nje spre memb rabe zem lji{~ so klju~ ne ga pome na meta po dat ki upo rab lje nihpodat kov nih nizov. V pris pev ku so izpo stav lje ni spre mi nja jo ~i se kri te ri ji za zajem podat kov evi den ce rabekme tij skih in gozd nih zem lji{~. Za obmo~ je Pomur ske sta ti sti~ ne regi je smo nada lje na osno vi podat kovrabe zem lji{~ kme tij ske ga mini strs tva ana li zi ra li spre mem be rabe zem lji{~ v ob dob ju 2002–2011. Glav nicilj je poda ti osnov ne infor ma ci je o ka ko vo sti obrav na va nih podat kov nih nizov z na me nom pod pre ti kri -ti~ no ter pra vil no raz la go in upo ra bo podat kov rabe zem lji{~ kme tij ske ga sek tor ja.

KLJU^NE BESEDE: raba zem lji{~, spre mem be rabe zem lji{~, meta po dat ki, pro stor ske ana li ze, Pomurskasta ti sti~ na regi ja, Slo ve ni ja

Ured ni{ tvo je pre je lo pris pe vek 21. de cem bra 2012.

NASLOV:dr. Anka LisecFa kul te ta za grad be ni{ tvo in geo de zi jo, Uni ver za v Ljub lja niJa mo va uli ca 2, SI – 1000 Ljub lja na, Slo ve ni jaE-po {ta: anka.li sec�fgg.uni-lj.si

Jer nej Pi{ekRo{ nja 62c, SI – 2205 Star {e, Slo ve ni jaE-po {ta: jer nej.pi sek�gmail.com

mag. Samo Drob neFa kul te ta za grad be ni{ tvo in geo de zi jo, Uni ver za v Ljub lja niJa mo va uli ca 2, SI – 1000 Ljub lja na, Slo ve ni jaE-po {ta: samo.drob ne�fgg.uni-lj.si

Vse bi na

1 Uvod 852 Mate ria li in meto de 863 Rezul ta ti 873.1 Meto de zaje ma podat kov rabe zem lji{~ 873.2 Ana li za spre memb rabe zem lji{~ v Po mur ski

sta ti sti~ ni regi ji v ob dob ju 2002–2011 884 Sklep 905 Lite ra tu ra 90

84

1 UvodZem lji{ ~a so bila od nek daj temelj za ~lo ve{ ki obstoj. Zah te ve za nji ho vo smo tr no uprav lja nje so nav zo -~e po vsem sve tu (Lars son 1997), saj tako zara di delo va nja ~lo ve ka kot narav nih poja vov posta ja jo vsebolj ome jen narav ni vir. Za kako vost ne odlo ~i tve v pro sto ru (pro stor sko na~r to va nje, uprav lja nje zem -lji{~) so izred ne ga pome na podat ki o rabi zem lji{~ ozi ro ma pokrov no sti tal ter nji ho vih spre mem bah.Spre mem be rabe zem lji{~ in pokrov no sti razu me mo kot splo {en pojem ~lo ve ko ve ga in narav ne ga spre -mi nja nja povr{ ja Zem lje. Po Elli su (2010) se pojem pokrov nost tal nana {a na fizi~ ni in bio lo{ ki pokrovnad tle mi. Opre de li tev rabe zem lji{~ je bolj zah tev na. Na podro~ ju nara vo slov ja se raba zem lji{~ obrav -na va v po ve za vi z de jav nost mi ~lo ve ka, kot so kme tijs tvo, goz dars tvo in grad be ni{ tvo, ki spre mi nja jo povr{ jeZem lje. Na podro~ ju dru` bo slov ja in uprav lja nja zem lji{~ se rabo zem lji{~ obrav na va {ir {e, tako da seupo {te va dru` be ne in gos po dar ske name ne ter oko li{ ~i ne, v ok vi ru in zara di kate rih se uprav lja zem -lji{ ~e. Pokrov nost tal lah ko sprem lja mo nepo sred no na tere nu ali z da ljin skim zaz na va njem, sprem lja njerabe zem lji{~ pa v splo {nem zah te va pove zo va nje raz li~ nih nara vo slov nih in dru` bo slov nih metod (El -lis 2010).

Prob le ma ti ka rabe zem lji{~ in pokrov no sti je pri teg ni la zani ma nje raz li~ nih razi sko val cev, ki se ukvar -ja jo z mo de li ra njem pro stor skih in ~asov nih vzor cev spre mi nja nja zem lji{ ke rabe. Ti so raz vi li pro stor skemode le spre memb rabe zem lji{~ na zelo podrob ni rav ni, kot je na rav ni posa mez ne zem lji{ ke par ce -le ali dru ge temelj ne pro stor ske eno te (Ga bro vec in Klad nik 1997; Gabro vec, Klad nik in Petek 2000;Petek 2002 in 2005; Hrva tin in Per ko 2003; Pon tius, Shu sas in McEac hern 2004; Hrva tin, Per ko inPetek 2006; Topo le s so de lav ci 2006; Klad nik in Petek 2007; Swet nam 2007; Cigli~ s so de lav ci 2012; Ribei -ro, Ellis Bur net in Tor kar, 2013). V zad njem deset let ju je bil velik napre dek nare jen na podro~ ju zaje mapodat kov o po krov no sti tal z da ljin skim zaz na va njem (Ko kalj in O{tir 2005; Koo men s so de lav ci 2007;Velja nov ski 2007; Foody 2010). Manj pozor no sti je bilo name nje ne kako vo sti podat kov ozi ro ma meta -po dat kom obsto je ~ih podat kov nih nizov o rabi zem lji{~, ki se jih upo rab lja pri ana li zi spre mi nja nja rabezem lji{~.

Ka ko vost pro stor skih podat kov pred stav lja niz sesta vin ali ele men tov ter pode le men tov, kot sonatan~ nost, popol nost in uskla je nost. Ele men te kako vo sti pro stor skih podat kov oce nju je mo gle de na tritemelj ne vidi ke pro stor skih podat kov, to je gle de na pro stor ske, ~asov ne ali opi sne zna ~il no sti. Temelj nipodat ki o ka ko vo sti, izvo ru in dru gih last no stih pro stor skih podat kov so sestav ni del meta po dat kov, name -nje nih teh ni~ ni in poslov ni pred sta vi tvi podat kov ([u mra da 2005; Lisec 2007), in bi mora li biti obvez nasesta vi na vsa ke ga podat kov ne ga niza. Proi zva jal cem in upo rab ni kom namre~ omo go ~a jo opre de li tev odno -sa med kako vost jo in upo rab nost jo podat kov ne ga niza.

V Slo ve ni ji je bil v pre te klo sti eden klju~ nih podat kov nih virov za ana li zo spre memb rabe zem lji{~zem lji{ ki kata ster (Pe tek 2002; Petek in Urbanc 2004). Za sodob no sta nje so na voljo raz li~ ni podat ki o rabizem lji{~ in pokrov no sti, podat ki zem lji{ ke ga kata stra pa za ana li zo spre mi nja nja rabe zem lji{~ za zad njedeset let je niso ve~ tako zani mi vi. Temelj ni raz log je pomanj klji vo vzdr ̀ e va nje opi snih podat kov o rabizem lji{~ v si ste mu zem lji{ ke ga kata stra v pre te klih deset let jih (Ga bro vec in Klad nik 1997; ̂ eh 2002). Sta -ti sti~ ni urad Repub li ke Slo ve ni je je pred leti pred sta vil podat ke o po krov no sti tal na osno vi sate lit skihpodat kov Land sat ETM/TM – re{i tev je zna na pod ime nom Stat GIS (Sku ma vec in [abi~ 2005). Za obmo~ -je Slo ve ni je so na raz po la go tudi podat ki o po krov no sti tal CORINE Land Cover, ki prav tako teme lji jona kla si fi ka ci ji sate lit skih podob. Raz li~ na poro ~i la o spre mem bi rabe zem lji{~ v Slo ve ni ji teme lji jo na podat -kih evi den ce rabe kme tij skih in gozd nih zem lji{~ mini strs tva, pri stoj ne ga za kme tijs tvo (v na da lje va njukme tij sko mini strs tvo), ki velja za edi no sistem sko zbir ko podat kov o de jan ski rabi zem lji{~ v dr ̀ a vi (Hr -va tin s so de lav ci 2006; Petek 2007; Vr{ ~aj 2008; Mili ~i} in Udov~ 2012). Kot tak {ni so tudi pred met obrav na vev tem pris pev ku.

V njem so pred stav lje ni rezul ta ti ana li ze pri mer no sti podat kov rabe zem lji{~ kme tij ske ga mini strs -tva za sprem lja nje rabe zem lji{~. V pr vem delu so pred stav lje ne meto de zaje ma teh vek tor skih podat kov,na pod la gi kate rih smo v dru gem delu ana li zi ra li spre mem be rabe zem lji{~ v po mur ski sta ti sti~ ni regi jiv ob dob ju 2002–2011. Glav ni cilj je poda ti osnov ne infor ma ci je o ka ko vo sti upo rab lje nih podat kov nihnizov, z na me nom zago to vi ti nji ho vo kri ti~ no in pra vil no rabo.


85


2 Mate ria li in meto deAna li zo pri mer no sti podat kov evi den ce rabe kme tij skih in gozd nih zem lji{~ kme tij ske ga mini strs tva (v na -da lje va nju podat ki rabe zem lji{~) za dolo ~a nje spre memb rabe zem lji{~ v ob dob ju 2002–2011 smo izved liv dveh kora kih:• pre gled meto do lo gi je zaje ma podat kov rabe zem lji{~ za raz li~ na obdob ja, s pou dar kom na pred sta vitviraz re dov (vrst) rabe zem lji{~ in ana li zi kri te ri jev (naj manj {ih povr {in) zaje ma poli go na za posa mez neraz re de rabe zem lji{~;

• ana li za spre memb rabe zem lji{~ v oko lju GIS na obmo~ ju pomur ske sta ti sti~ ne regi je na pod la gi pre -kri va nja vek tor skih podat kov nih slo jev rabe zem lji{~ ~asov no raz li~ nih podat kov nih nizov.Na vo di la za zajem podat kov in podat ke o rabi zem lji{~ za obdob je 2002–2011 smo pri do bi li od kme -

tij ske ga mini strs tva (In ter net 1). Pri ana li zi kako vo sti podat kov smo izpo sta vi li pred vsem ~asov ni vidikpri mar ne ga vira in meto do lo gi jo zaje ma podat kov rabe zem lji{~, ki smo ju preu ~i li s tako ime no va ni miinter pre ta cij ski mi klju ~i ozi ro ma navo di li za zajem podat kov (MKO 2011). Podat ki rabe zem lji{~ kme -tij ske ga mini strs tva so v vek tor ski obli ki na raz po la go za obmo~ je celot ne Slo ve ni je. V prvi raz li ~i ci so navoljo za leto 2002. Za obmo~ je celot ne Slo ve ni je so bili vzpo stav lje ni {e v raz li ~i cah za leta 2005, 2009 in 2011.Ana li zo spre memb rabe zem lji{~ smo tako izved li za tri ~asov na obdob ja: 2002–2005, 2005–2009 in 2009–2011.Izved li smo jo v oko lju Arc GIS, kjer smo s funk ci ja mi pre kri va nja, pre se ka in zdru ̀ e va nja vek tor skih podat -kov nih slo jev pri do bi li podat ke o spre mem bah rabe zem lji{~ na pilot nem obmo~ ju v obrav na va nih obdob jihin s tem pod la go za oce no upo rab no sti podat kov za ta namen.

Evi den ca rabe kme tij skih in gozd nih zem lji{~, ki jo je vzpo sta vi lo in jo vzdr ̀ u je kme tij sko mini strs -tvo, je v prvi vrsti name nje na kme tij ske mu sek tor ju, kar je opaz no tudi v raz re dih ozi ro ma vrstah rabezem lji{~. Za ana li zo spre mi nja nja rabe zem lji{~ na pilot nem obmo~ ju smo obli ko va li sedem raz re dov rabezem lji{~, kar smo dose gli z zdru ̀ e va njem posa mez nih raz re dov rabe zem lji{~ evi den ce kme tij ske ga mini -strs tva (pre gled ni ca 1).

Pre gled ni ca 1: Rekla si fi ka ci ja podat kov rabe zem lji{~ kme tij ske ga mini strs tva.

nov raz red rabe zem lji{~ raz red rabe zem lji{~ urad ne evi den ce

1 nji va ali vrt 1100 nji va ali vrt1130 za ~a sni trav nik1180 traj ne rast li ne na njiv skih povr {i nah1190 rast li njak

2 traj ni nasad 1211 vi no grad1212 ma ti~ njak1221 in ten ziv ni sadov njak1222 ek sten ziv ni sadov njak1230 olj~ nik1240 os ta li traj ni nasa di

3 trav ni{ ka zem lji{ ~a 1300 traj ni trav nik1321 bar jan ski trav nik1800 kme tij sko zem lji{ ~e pora slo z gozd nim drev jem

4 dru ga kme tij ska zem lji{ ~a 1410 kme tij sko zem lji{ ~e v za ra{ ~a nju1420 plan ta ̀ a gozd ne ga drev ja1500 dre ve sa in grmi ~ev je1600 neob de la no kme tij sko zem lji{ ~e

5 gozd 2000 gozd

6 po zi da na zem lji{ ~a 3000 po zi da ne in sorod ne povr {i ne

7 os ta la nek me tij ska zem lji{ ~a 4100 bar je4210 tr sti ~ev je4220 os ta lo zamo~ vir je no zem lji{ ~e5000 suho odpr to zem lji{ ~e s po seb nim rast lin skim pokro vom6000 od pr to zem lji{ ~e brez ali z ne po memb nim rast lin skim pokro vom7000 voda

86

3 Rezul ta ti

3.1 Meto de zaje ma podat kov rabe zem lji{~

Po dat ki o rabi zem lji{~ so se za potre be kme tij ske poli ti ke za~e li zaje ma ti `e leta 1996 v ok vi ru pilot ne gapro jek ta na obmo~ ju Gor nje Rad go ne, prva evi den ca za celo Slo ve ni jo pa je bila vzpo stav lje na leta 2002.Potre ba po novi evi den ci rabe kme tij skih in gozd nih zem lji{~ se je poja vi la pred vsem zara di neu strez no -sti podat kov zem lji{ ke ga kata stra kot temelj ne zem lji{ ke evi den ce (Li sec 2007; ̂ eh s so de lav ci 2011; Mili ~i}in Udov~ 2012) za izva ja nje evrop ske kme tij ske poli ti ke. Zajem podat kov rabe zem lji{~ je teme ljil na meto -di vizual ne fotoin ter pre ta ci je orto fo ta, ob pred hod no pri prav lje nem objekt nem kata lo gu, ki je spr va obse gal70 raz re dov rabe zem lji{~, poz ne je pa se je {te vi lo raz re dov zmanj {a lo. Zajem vek tor skih podat kov (poligo -nov rabe zem lji{~) se je izva jal za posa me zen list kla si~ ne ga temelj ne ga topo graf ske ga na~r ta 1 :5000 (TTN5).Inter pre ti so si pri zaje mu podat kov poma ga li z in ter pre ta cij ski mi klju ~i – pri ro~ ni ki z na vo di li za dolo -~a nje rabe kme tij skih in gozd nih zem lji{~ (MKO 2011; Pi{ek 2012). Neka te re napa ke in nes klad no sti, kiso jih ugo to vi li pri nad zo ru, so pre ve ri li na tere nu in s so de lo va njem dru gih sek tor jev (pred vsem z Za -vo dom za goz do ve za dolo ~a nje mej goz dov). Topo lo gi ja se je spro ti pre ver ja la, vsak list zaje ma pa je biltudi neod vi sno topo lo{ ko pre ver jen. Polo ̀ aj ne natan~ no sti, ki je pogo je na tudi s ka ko vost jo orto fo ta, tokratne obrav na va mo, ~erav no je pri upo ra bi teh podat kov v oko ljih GIS pogo sto neu pra vi ~e no zane mar je -na. Orto fo to namre~ ni pri mar ni, ampak sekun dar ni vir pro stor skih podat kov, kako vost orto fo ta pa jeodvi sna od kako vo sti pri mar nih virov in meto do lo gi je ter kako vo sti nje go ve izde la ve.

Po vzpo sta vi tvi evi den ce leta 2002 je vzdr ̀ e va nje podat kov rabe zem lji{~ prev ze lo kme tij sko ministrs -tvo. Vzdr ̀ e va nje se izva ja cikli~ no, vsa ko leto se obno vi podat ke na prib li` no tret ji ni ozem lja Slo ve ni je.Podat ki evi den ce rabe zem lji{~ so bili v ce lo ti obnov lje ni v le tih 2005, 2009 in 2011. Pri tem je tre ba izpo -sta vi ti, da je bil osno va zaje ma podat kov rabe zem lji{~ za leto 2002 orto fo to iz obdob ja 1997–2002 (po ne kodtudi 1995), zaje ma podat kov za leto 2005 pa orto fo to iz obdob ja 2000–2003. Leta 2006 je bilo za ta namenprvi~ izve de no poseb no letal sko sne ma nje in izde lan je bil orto fo to za celot no Slo ve ni jo (In ter net 2), tapa je bil pod la ga za zajem podat kov rabe zem lji{~ za leto 2009. Za seve ro vz hod ni del Slo ve ni je je bil izde -lan orto fo to leta 2010 (In ter net 3), ki je bil pod la ga zaje ma rabe zem lji{~ za leto 2011. S sli ke 1 je raz vid no,da se za neka te re liste zaje ma ni izved la poso do bi tev podat kov za leto 2005 gle de na podat ke iz leta 2002.

Sli ka 1: Obmo~ ja spre memb rabe zem lji{~ v Po mur ski sta ti sti~ ni regi ji v ob dob ju 2002–2005 kot rezul tat pre se ka vek tor skih podat kov nihslo jev rabe zem lji{~ v le tih 2002 in 2005.Glej angle{ ki del pris pev ka.

Rabo zem lji{~ v po sa mez nem letu so zaje ma li gle de na tako ime no va ni inter pre ta cij ski klju~ in dru -ga pri po ro ~i la. Pomem ben kri te rij pri zaje mu podat kov je kri te rij naj manj {e povr {i ne za posa me zen raz redrabe zem lji{~ (pre gled ni ca 2). Za leto 2002 je bilo dolo ~e nih 19 raz re dov rabe zem lji{~, leta 2004 so uved linove raz re de: za~a sni trav ni ki za ko{ njo in pa{o, traj ni trav ni ki ter kme tij sko zem lji{ ~e, pora slo z gozd -nim drev jem. Za raz re de nji va ali vrt, bar jan ski trav nik, kme tij sko zem lji{ ~e v za ra{ ~a nju, plan ta ̀ a gozd ne gadrev ja ter dre ve sa in grmi ~ev je se je zmanj {al kri te rij naj manj {e povr {i ne, pri raz re du pozi da no ali sorod -no zem lji{ ~e pa se je pove ~al. Leta 2005 sta bila uve de na raz re da rast li njak ter neob de la no kme tij sko zem lji{ ~e.Pri raz re du osta li traj ni nasa di se je zmanj {al kri te rij naj manj {e povr {i ne. Leta 2006 je bil uki njen raz redza~a sni trav ni ki, uve den pa je bil raz red mati~ njak. Leta 2008 se je pre po lo vil kri te rij naj manj {e povr {i -ne za zajem pri raz re du gozd. Leta 2009 se je zmanj {al kri te rij naj manj {e povr {i ne za raz red hme lji{ ~e inpove ~al za raz red voda. Od leta 2006 se dolo ~a 25 raz li~ nih raz re dov rabe zem lji{~. Raz red za~a sni trav -ni ki se je v po dat kih poja vil leta 2005. Vanj so spa da la zem lji{ ~a, ki so bila za~a sno zase ja na s tra vo ali dru gi mikrm ni mi rast li na mi in so se za ko{ njo ali pa{o upo rab lja la ve~ krat na leto. Ta raz red so poz ne je uki ni li,zato so mora li rabo teh zem lji{~ spre me ni ti v ka te go ri ji nji ve in vrto vi ali traj ni trav ni ki.

Na vo di la za zaje ma nje podat kov rabe zem lji{~ pred pi su je jo naj manj {o dovo lje no {iri no poli go na 2m(ozki, dol gi objek ti in vod na infra struk tu ra se zaja me jo, ~e so {ir {i od 2m). ^e je poli gon o`ji ali manj {iod naj manj {e povr {i ne, se ob upo {te va nju pred nost nih pra vil pri klju ~i sosed nje mu poli go nu. Poleg kri -te ri jev zaje ma je pri pre gle du podat kov iz raz li~ nih obdo bij raz vid no, da je pri zaje mu podat kov(fo toin tre pre ta ci ji orto fo tov) do veli kih spre memb pri{ lo pred vsem pri dolo ~e va nju pozi da nih zem lji{~(sli ka 2). Tega iz kri te ri jev zaje ma poli go nov ni opa zi ti, zato velja na tem mestu opo zo ri ti, da so za preu -


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~e va nje urba ni za ci je ti podat kov ni nizi le pogoj no (v kom bi na ci ji s pri mar ni mi viri) upo rab ni; evi dencaje bila namen sko vzpo stav lje na za kme tij ske name ne.

Sli ka 2: Navi dez ne spre mem be rabe zem lji{~ v na se lju Sta ve {in ski Vrh, ob~i na Gor nja Rad go na, v ob dob ju 2002–2011: vpliv meto do lo gijena zajem rabe zem lji{~ za pozi da na zem lji{ ~a.Glej angle{ ki del pris pev ka.

3.2 Ana li za spre memb rabe zem lji{~ v Po mur ski sta ti sti~ ni regi jiv ob dob ju 2002–2011

V Po mur ski sta ti sti~ ni regi ji, ki obse ga 133.753ha, so po podat kih rabe zem lji{~ v letu 2002 pre vla do va linji ve in trav ni kov (45%), sle di li so goz do vi (30%), manj je bilo trav ni{ kih zem lji{~, traj nih nasa dov, dru -gih kme tij skih zem lji{~ ter pozi da nih in osta lih nek me tij skih zem lji{~. Eno stav na pri mer ja va rabe zem lji{~med posa mez ni mi refe ren~ ni mi leti ka`e na kr~e nje povr {i ne njiv in vrtov, porast goz dov, med tem ko jeraz me ro ma veli ko neja sno sti pri traj nih nasa dih, trav ni{ kih zem lji{ ~ih ter pozi da nih zem lji{ ~ih. Pri opre -de lje va nju vrst spre memb rabe zem lji{~ se poja vi vpra {a nje zanes lji vo sti podat kov, saj se na pri mers pri mer jal no ana li zo spre memb povr {in raz re dov v raz li~ nih obdob jih (2002–2005, 2005–2009 in 2009–2011)poro di dvom, ali se je povr {i na pozi da nih zem lji{~ v po mur ski sta ti sti~ ni regi ji v ob dob ju 2005–2009 resni~ -no zmanj {a la za ve~ kot 500ha (sli ka 3).

Sli ka 3: Spre mi nja nje rabe zem lji{~ v Po mur ski sta ti sti~ ni regi ji za pri mer jal na obdob ja po podat kih evi den ce rabe zem lji{~ kme tij ske gamini strs tva.Glej angle{ ki del pris pev ka.

Na pod la gi pri mer ja ve podat kov rabe zem lji{~ za leti 2002 in 2011 ugo tav lja mo, da je na obmo~ jupomurske sta ti sti~ ne regi je do spre memb zem lji{ ke rabe pri{ lo na 26.714ha ozi ro ma na 20% povr {i ne preu -~e va ne ga obmo~ ja. Naj bolj izsto pa zmanj {e va nje povr {in njiv in vrtov, med tem ko se je v ce lot nem obdob jupove ~e va la pred vsem povr {i na trav ni{ kih in dru gih kme tij skih zem lji{~ ter goz dov. Zani mi vo je, da se jepovr {i na pozi da nih zem lji{~ v ob dob ju 2002–2005 po ve ~a la, v preo sta lih obdob jih pa zmanj {a la, v ce lotnemobdob ju pa je naza do va la (sli ka 4), kar potr ju je, da je bilo v obrav na va nem obdob ju veli ko nedo sled no -

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Pre gled ni ca 2: Raz re di rabe zem lji{~, za kate re se je v ob dob ju 2002–2011 spre me nil kri te rij naj manj {e povr {i ne (v m2) za zajem podat kov.

ID in opis raz re da rabe zem lji{~ naj manj {a povr {i na poli go na za zajem podat ka (m2)

na vo di la – inter pre ta cij ski klju~ (leto)

2002 2004 2005 2006 2008 2009 2010 2011

1100 nji va ali vrt 5000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 10001130 za ~a sni trav nik x 1000 1000 x x x x x1160 hme lji{ ~e 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 500 500 5001180 traj ne rast li ne na njiv skih povr {i nah x x 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 10001190 rast li njak x x 25 25 25 25 25 251212 ma ti~ njak x x x 500 500 500 500 5001240 os ta li traj ni nasa di 1000 1000 500 500 500 500 500 5001300 traj ni trav nik x 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 10001321 bar jan ski trav nik 5000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 10001800 kme tij sko zem lji{ ~e pora slo

z gozd nim drev jem 5000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 10001410 kme tij sko zem lji{ ~e v za ra{ ~a nju 5000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 10001420 plan ta ̀ a gozd ne ga drev ja 5000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 10001500 dre ve sa in grmi ~ev je x x 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 10001600 neob de la no kme tij sko zem lji{ ~e x 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 10002000 gozd 5000 5000 5000 5000 2500 2500 2500 25003000 po zi da ne in sorod ne povr {i ne 10 25 25 25 25 25 25 257000 voda 10 10 10 10 10 25 25 25

sti pred vsem pri dolo ~e va nju pozi da nih zem lji{~. ̂ eprav poz na mo postop ke o`iv lja nja (re vi ta li za ci je) pozi -da nih zem lji{~, tega rezul ta ta ne more mo pri pi sa ti temu v prak si zelo red ke mu poja vu.

Sli ka 4: Spre mi nja nje rabe zem lji{~ v po mur ski sta ti sti~ ni regi ji gle de na leto 2002 po podat kih evi den ce rabe zem lji{~ kme tij ske ga ministrstva.Glej angle{ ki del pris pev ka.

Na pod la gi tako ime no va ne matri ke spre memb rabe zem lji{~ smo preu ~e va li, kak {ni so bili v ob dob -jih 2002–2005, 2005–2009 in 2009–2011 pre ho di (spre mem be) rabe zem lji{~ med posa mez ni mi raz re div preu ~e va ni regi ji. Za ana li ti~ no obdob je 2002–2005 je iz matri ke (pre gled ni ca 3) raz vid no, da je bilo leta 2005zabe le ̀ e no zmanj {a nje povr {i ne njiv in vrtov, kar gre pri pi sa ti spre mem bam te zem lji{ ke kate go ri je v trav -ni{ ka zem lji{ ~a. Zani miv je tudi obrat ni pro ces, pri ~emer je ve~ kot 1600ha trav ni{ kih zem lji{~ iz leta 2002leta 2005 pre{ lo v raz red nji ve in vrto vi. Gle de na dele` spre memb povr {in velja ome ni ti raz me ro ma velikdele` spre memb povr {i ne raz re da dru ga kme tij ska zem lji{ ~a v raz red gozd. V po zi da na zem lji{ ~a so se spre -mi nja li pred vsem nji ve in vrto vi ter trav ni{ ka zem lji{ ~a.

Pre gled ni ca 3: Dejan ska raba – povr {i ne po dejan ski rabi leta 2005 gle de na leto 2002 v ha.

raba zem lji{~ leta 2002 raba zem lji{~ leta 2005

nji ve traj ni trav ni{ ka dru ga gozd po zi da na os ta la sku pajin vrto vi nasa di zem lji{ ~a kme tij ska zem lji{ ~a nek me tij ska

zem lji{ ~a zem lji{ ~a

nji ve in vrto vi 55.884 272 3438 267 216 492 74 60.644traj ni nasa di 137 4209 288 36 42 183 0 4895trav ni{ ka zem lji{ ~a 1692 282 11.259 434 350 239 125 14.380dru ga kmet. zem lji{ ~a 83 46 256 1552 754 55 35 2781gozd 118 60 267 202 39.863 91 38 40.640po zi da na zem lji{ ~a 119 157 325 35 53 8294 20 9002os ta la nek me tij ska zem lji{ ~a 18 0 121 39 37 18 1176 1411sku paj 58.051 5026 15.954 2564 41.317 9373 1469 133.753

Re zul ta te iz matrik pre ho dov smo pred sta vi li gra fi~ no (sli ka 5). Za obmo~ je pomur ske sta ti sti~ ne regi -je smo gra fi~ no pona zo ri li tiste spre mem be med raz re di rabe zem lji{~, ki so v po sa mez nem obrav na va nemobdob ju skup no pre se gle povr {i no 100ha. Debe li na lini je pove za ve ozna ~u je veli kost spre mem be.

Na pod la gi ana li ze spre memb rabe zem lji{~ v obrav na va nih obdob jih v pi lot ni regi ji je mogo ~e izpo -sta vi ti dokaj mo~ no inten zi fi ka ci jo zem lji{~ (pred vsem spre mi nja nje trav ni{ kih zem lji{~ v nji ve invrto ve), {e mo~ nej {e pa je oze le nje va nje (spre mi nja nje njiv in vrtov v trav ni{ ka zem lji{ ~a), kot je vrste spre -memb rabe zem lji{~ opre de lil Jakob Med ved (1970; pov ze to po Gabro vec in Klad nik 1997, 64). Pred vsempo letu 2005 je opaz no mo~ no ogoz do va nje (za ra{ ~a nje zem lji{~ z goz dom).

Sli ka 5: Matri ka pre ho dov vrst (raz re dov) rabe zem lji{~ v po mur ski sta ti sti~ ni regi ji.Glej angle{ ki del pris pev ka.

Gle de spre memb rabe zem lji{~, pove za nih s po zi da ni mi zem lji{ ~i, ugo tav lja mo, da so bila v obrav na -va nem obdob ju v Po mur ski sta ti sti~ ni regi ji na novo pozi da na zem lji{ ~a pred vsem na ra~un njiv in vrtov(sli ka 6), kar je raz vid no tudi iz gra fi~ ne ga pri ka za v ma tri ki pre ho dov. Te` je je raz lo ̀ i ti obrat ni pro ces,to je spre mi nja nje pozi da nih zem lji{~ v dru ge zem lji{ ke kate go ri je. Kot je `e bilo pove da no, gre to pri pi -sa ti pred vsem meto do lo gi ji zaje ma podat kov.

Sli ka 6: Spre mem be podat kov rabe zem lji{~ in dejan ske rabe zem lji{~ (or to fo to) v Len da vi v ob dob ju 2002–2011.Glej angle{ ki del pris pev ka.


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4 SklepNa pod la gi pre gle da meto do lo gi je zaje ma podat kov evi den ce rabe kme tij skih in gozd nih zem lji{~, ki jovodi in vzdr ̀ u je kme tij sko mini strs tvo, smo ugo to vi li, da je pri upo ra bi teh podat kov za ana li zo spre minja -nja rabe zem lji{~ tre ba veli ko pozor nost name ni ti pri mar ne mu viru (re fe ren~ na ~asov na to~ ka podat kov)in meto do lo gi ji zaje ma. Evi den ca je v prvi vrsti name nje na kme tij ske mu sek tor ju, kar je opaz no `e priraz re dih ozi ro ma vrstah rabe zem lji{~. Ob upo {te va nju teh dej stev je evi den ca rabe kme tij skih in gozd -nih zem lji{~ pri mer na za ana li zo spre mi nja nja rabe kme tij skih in gozd nih zem lji{~, nje ni rezul ta ti pa bimora li vse bo va ti infor ma ci je o last no stih upo rab lje nih podat kov ter nji ho vem vpli vu na rezul ta te.

Tako lah ko tudi za pomur sko sta ti sti~ no regi jo skle pa mo, da sta bila v ob dob ju 2002–2011 med spremem -ba mi zem lji{ ke rabe v os pred ju oze le nje va nje in ogoz do va nje. Ve~ pre vid no sti zah te va ana li zaspre mi nja njarabe zem lji{~, ki je pove za na s po zi da ni mi zem lji{ ~i, saj so se navo di la za zajem v tem seg men tu naj boljspre mi nja la. Na pod la gi ugo to vi tev lah ko zaklju ~i mo, da brez pre ver ja nja zanes lji vo sti podat kov rabe zem -lji{~ ali dodat nih podat kov ta evi den ca za ana li zo {iri tve pozi da nih zem lji{~ ni pri mer na.

5 Lite ra tu raGlej angle{ ki del pris pev ka.

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suitability analysis of land use records of agricultural and forest land … · 2013. 9. 19. ·...

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