suicide classification- clues and their use a study of 122 cases of suicide and undetermined manner...
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![Page 1: Suicide classification- clues and their use A study of 122 cases of suicide and undetermined manner of death P. Lindqvist, L. Gustafsson / Forensic Science](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649f125503460f94c2574c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Suicide classification-c lues and their use
A study of 1 2 2 case s of suicide and undete
rmined manner of death
P. Lindqvist, L. Gustafsson / Forensic Science International 128 2002 136 14( ) –
Yuthapaisan
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The purpose of this study is t o analyse which clues that ap
pear most determinant for fo rensic pathologists in certifyi
ng suicide.
Guidelines to support the pol ice investigation as well as t - he medico legal examination
can probably reduce the num ber of undetermined cases in
cases of possible suicide.
Objective
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C lassification of manner of death is important
- - - next of kins
- insurance issues
- research and public h ealth policies
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C lassification i n Sweden-natural
- -self intended
- intentionally cau sed by another
- accidental or undetermined
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Factors of study- age and gender
- previous suicide attempts
- mental disorder - -alcohol dependency
- suicidal communication - suicide intent
- blood (BAC) and urine- alcohol concentr ations - toxicological
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Group of study- autopsied at the Institute of Forensic
Medicine in Umea° from September 1 9 8 3 through De
cember 1 9 8 5
- residing in Va¨sterbottens Coun ty (2 4 5 ,1 8 1 inhabitants in
1984)
- who’s death was certified as sui cide (n = 100) or as undetermined
manner of death (n = 22).
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-The term alcohol dependency- the forensic pathologistused the ter
m ‘‘chronic alcoholism’’ in the death certificate.
- the deceased was diagnosed or described as an alcoholic in
medical records and/or police reports.
- hepatic cirrhosis and/or steatosi s was found and no other
explanation than high alcohol co nsumption was at hand.
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A ge and gender122 subjects
males
females
sui ci des undetermine
sui cides
undetermine
91 (75%)
31 (25%)
45 yea rs (1 8 –87)
AAA48
rs (3163– )
39 year s (1 8 –66)
56 yea ( 4 1 –70)
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Blood alcohol test : positive
blood alc ohol test
undetermine
sui ci des
positive
negative
positive
negative
31 (mean 17. g/l; 0range .
3 59– . )
69 16 (mean 2.7 g/l; range
0.3–5.0)
6
100 22
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12Cause of death related to manner of death in 2 cases of suicide and undetermined death
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Three clues with the highest explanatory value in determining manner of death among 122 cases of suicide and undetermined deaths
a - Cases that deviated from the found decision making pattern of the forensic pathologists.
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Greater uniformity, consistency and t ransparency in the classification of su
icide is thus desirable and we support the efforts to construct internationall
y applicable guidelines for certifyingsuicide.
A good teamwork between the police and forensic pathologists is thus of cr
ucial importance not only to reduce th e number of undetermined cases but
also to secure that the subsequent sp ecified classification of manner of dea
th is correct
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Validity• autopsied at the Institute of Forensic
Medicine in Umea° from 1983September through Dec
ember 1 9 8 5• the problems of death by poisoni
ng with illegal drugs have increased, especially in urban areas.• the pathologists used an indirectmet
hod in order to understand the classification.
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Conclusion
The difficulties in determining m anner of death in possible suicides ar
e linked to certain causes of death, in particular poisoning.
Operational criteria for designati ng a death ‘‘suicide’’ can be helpful g
iven that the quality of the primary d ata collection is good.
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