succession notes. succession the change in biological communities of an area over a long period of...
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Succession Notes
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Succession
• The change in biological communities of an area over a long period of time
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Two Types of Succession:
Primary • Initial establishment & development of a
community occurs on barren rock volcanic eruption, glacial retreat, pavement
Secondary • Reestablishment of a community remnants of
previous community is still there abandoned field, after fire, flood, or hurricane
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Primary Succession:
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Secondary Succession:
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Stages of Succession:
• Bare Rock– No soil, no available
nutrients, no active life……not a community
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Stages of Succession:
• Lichens & Mosses – Pioneer Species
• First to colonize rocks • secrete acid onto rock
which liberates nutrients that can be absorbed
• catches wind-blown dirt• can take 100s to 1000s
of years• very vulnerable to
erosion• least diverse and least
stable
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Stages of Succession:
• Grasses & Shrubs – Early Succession
Plants• don’t need deep soil• like full sun • shrubs move in and
shade out grasses, killing them
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Stages of Succession:
• Softwood– Mid-succession Plants
• trees that need a lot of sunlight• Cedar, pine
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Stages of Succession: • Mixed Hardwood
Mature Forest– deciduous trees; oaks,
maples, hickories, beech– saplings are shade-tolerant
for the first few years– when an adult tree dies it
leaves a hole in the canopy– saplings race to the top,
grow tall quickly-not widethen grow slowly
– Most Diverse, least likely to erode, very productive
– Dominant species is reproducing, therefore climax stage
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Questions
1. What is the difference between primary and secondary succession?
2. What types of events can cause secondary succession?
3. What are some abiotic and biotic factors that play a part in succession?
4. How can humans cause succession?