Substance Abuse: Risk Analysis10th Grade Health and Wellness

Definitions…

Drug use –

Drug misuse –

Drug abuse –

Recreational drug use – a term made up to describe their drug use, by people who claim their drug taking produces no harmful social or health effects.

Tolerance – a state that develops in users of certain drugs that makes larger and larger amounts of the drugs necessary to produce the same effect.

Addiction - dependence on a substance, habit, or behavior; a physical or psychological craving for higher and higher doses of a drug that leads to bodily harm, social maladjustment, or economic hardship.

Physical addiction –

Psychological addiction –

Stages of Drug Use

1.

2.

3.

4.

Name:

Immediate Effects of Nicotine Withdrawal Effects of Nicotine

1. Triggers the release of stress hormones

a. Raises blood pressure

b. Speeds up heart rate

2. Changes the brainwave pattern

3. Calms the nerves, but some may feel

stimulated

4. Reduces anxiety and feelings of pain

5. Reduces hunger

6. Dulls the taste buds

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

Risks Associated with Smokeless Tobacco

Mouth sores (that can lead to cancer) Cancerous tumors in nasal cavity, cheek, gum, and throat Mouth and throat cancer

_______________________ – whitish or grayish patches that develop where the product is held (may lead to cancer)

_______________________ – tobacco use causes a buildup of Keratin on your taste buds

Bad breath, brown teeth, dulled sense of smell and taste, damages gums, wears away tooth surfaces, eats away at jawbone.

KEY POINTS – Smoking harms every organ of the body. It is the single greatest cause of preventable death in the United States today. Pregnant women’s smoking harms the unborn fetus and endangers the lives of newborns. Smoking damages appearance and attractiveness and is expensive.

KEY POINTS – Passive smoke (“second-hand” smoke) raises the risks of cancer, heart disease, and many other hazards for persons breathing it. Passive smoking is the third leading cause of preventable death in the United States.

NICOTINE

HOW SMOKING AFFECTS THE BODY

Yellow fingers and finger nails, lung cancer, wrinkles, dull taste buds, constricted blood vessels that cause poor circulation, bad breath, cancer of mouth & throat, takes wounds

longer to heal, tooth decay, yellow teeth, frequent headaches, risk of stroke, smoker’s cough, emphysema, increased blood pressure, increased risk of heart attack, impotence,

heart burn, ulcers, decrease in fertility, clothing smells, hair smells, expensive $$$, shortness of breath, sinus problems, weakened immune system

* Quitting Techniques *

1. ________________________________

2. ________________________________

3. ________________________________

KEY POINTS – “Even among adults who express a strong desire to quit smoking and who receive optimal medical care, only half the patients studied were able to stop smoking for as long as one week, and the long-term failure rate was more than 80% after patients were withdrawn from nicotine replacement.”

©2008 Philip Morris International Management

Binge Drinking –

What is considered 1 drink?

_______________ _______________ _______________

Signs of Alcohol Poisoning

1. ________________________________

2. ________________________________

3. cold, clammy, pale, or bluish skin

Appropriate action

1. _______________________________

2. Turn the intoxicated person on his side to prevent choking should the person vomit.

3. Stay with the person until medical help arrives.

ALCOHOL

* If the person appears to be “sleeping it off,” it is important to realize that even though a person may be semi-conscious, alcohol is already in the stomach and may continue to enter the bloodstream and

may circulate throughout the body. The person is still in danger!

Excessive Alcohol Use Frequent Alcohol Use Depression (slowing) of body systems

Shallow respiration

Puffiness of the face

Cold, clammy skin

Irregular heartbeat

Dehydration

Redness of the eyes

Disorientation

Nausea

Blurred vision

High blood pressure

Cirrhosis of the liver Brain disorders Malnutrition Cancer of the stomach Heart disease Birth defects Pancreatitis- is an inflammation of the pancreas. The

pancreas is a large gland behind the stomach. The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes that help digest fats, proteins, and carbohydrates in food. The pancreas also releases the hormones insulin and glucagons into the bloodstream. These hormones help the body use food for energy.

Vitamin deficiencies Cancer of the mouth Cancer of the liver Ulcers Delirium tremens (DTs) - is an acute episode of delirium that

is usually caused by withdrawal or abstinence, from alcohol.

The effects of alcohol and other drug intoxication on driving Mind-altering drugs including alcohol, marijuana and others slow

people’s reactions and impair their judgment of speed. Therefore, mind-altering drugs impair driving ability.

The effects of alcohol and other drugs on an unborn fetus

ALL SYSTEMS DOWN - WORD BANKThe terms below are effects of alcohol on each of the body systems. Place each term in the corresponding box.

* increase in urination * interferes with development during puberty * liver damage, cirrhosis * high

blood pressure * slowed reactions * lowers body’s ability to fight infection * loss of calcium *

miscarriage * ulcers * stroke * kidney disease * sexual dysfunction * dizziness * low birth weight *

osteoporosis * pancreatic disease * heart disease * brain damage * alcohol dependency * kidney

failure * hepatitis * stop breathing – due to alcohol poisoning * blackouts * fetal alcohol syndrome *

seizures * malnutrition * dependence on alcohol *

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) – a set pattern of birth defects, including permanent mental and physical retardation and facial abnormalities, seen in children born to mothers who abuse alcohol during pregnancy.

Cannabis – marijuana affects hearing, touch, taste, and smell. It alters the sense of time, the sense of space, and the feelings of the body. It can cause abnormal heart action; reduced immunity; a lowered sperm count in men; lung damage, including cancer; and a-motivational syndrome. It also impairs driving ability.

Examples1. ____________________

2. ____________________

3. ____________________

Club drugs – laboratory-made drugs that closely resemble illegal drugs in chemical structure. Lack of testing presents an enormous risk to the taker.

Examples1. ____________________

2. ____________________

3. ____________________

4. ____________________

Prescription Pills - Prescription drugs that are abused or used for nonmedical reasons can alter brain activity and lead to dependence.

Examples1. ___________________

2. ___________________

3. ___________________

4. ___________________

Narcotics – drugs that are used to relieve pain, and are very addictive. Most are forms of opiates.

Examples1. ____________________

2. ____________________

3. ____________________

4. ____________________

DRUGS

5. ____________________

6. ____________________

Stimulants - Stimulants are a class of drugs that elevate mood, increase feelings of well-being, and increase energy and alertness. Stimulants often produce a feeling of euphoria in users.

Amphetamines - increase activity, block fatigue and hunger, and produce euphoria. Amphetamines are addictive drugs, because tolerance to them develops quickly. Withdrawal from amphetamines causes severe dysphoria and psychological depression.

Examples1. _______________2. Dexedrine3. Methamphetamine

Cocaine – a stimulant and an anesthetic that produces a short-term, intense high followed by extreme dysphoria. Side-effects include eroding of nasal passages, chronic fatigue, severe headaches, birth defects, and death of users.

Depressants – sedatives and barbiturates act as depressants, slowing the body’s systems. Long-term abuse causes many dangerous effects, including addiction.

Examples1. Barbiturates (Tuinal, Phenobarbital, Chloral Hydrate)2. Methaqualone (Quaaludes)3. Benzodiazepines (Valium, Librium, Clonopin)

Hallucinogens – drugs that produce false sensations in the mind, such as vivid and distorted visions.

Examples1. LSD2. Psilocybin (Mushrooms, shrooms)3. Phencyclidine hydrochloride (PCP, angel dust)4. Mescaline

Inhalants – drugs that, when inhaled, can cause permanent brain damage or death from suffocation. Even short-term abuse disrupts vision, impairs judgment, and reduces muscle and reflex control. These effects may be permanent.

1. _____________________ – liquids that vaporize at room temperature

such as, gasoline fumes, lighter fluid, cleaning fluid, and paint thinner.

2. _____________________ – substances added to products such as paint,

deodorant, hair spray, whipped cream, and oil to make them sprayable.

3. _____________________– intended for medical use: chloroform, ether,

nitrous oxide (laughing gas), amyl nitrate, and butyl nitrate

SUBSTANCE ABUSE AND THE LAW!

1. Social Host Liability Laws*most parties take place at private residences* check http://www.madd.org/Under-21/Junior-Senior- High/Laws/State.aspx?state=Pennsylvania for individual state regulations

2. Underage drinking, fake ID, and drinking and driving penalties in Pennsylvania:

CARRYING A FALSE IDENTIFICATION CARDSection 6310.3 of the Pennsylvania Crimes Code (Title 18)

Penalty 1st Offense 2nd Offense Subsequent OffenseFine 0-$300 0-$500 0-$500Jail 0-90 days 0-1 year 0-1 yearLicense Suspension 90 days 1 year 2 years

The first offender may be required to undergo an alcohol evaluation and attend education and treatment if deemed appropriate. Second and subsequent offenders are required to undergo

evaluation and attend education and treatment if deemed appropriate. It is also required that the police departments notify each offender's parents or guardian of this offense.

PURCHASE, POSSESSION OR TRANSPORTATION OF LIQUOR OR MALT OR BREWED BEVERAGES

Section 6308 of the Pennsylvania Crimes Code (Title 18)A person commits a summary offense if he/she, being less than 21 years of age, attempts to purchase,

purchases, consumes, possesses or knowingly and intentionally transports any liquor or malt or brewed beverages.

Penalty 1st Offense 2nd Offense Subsequent OffenseSuspension of driving privileges

90 days 1year 2 years

CHEMICAL TESTING TO DETERMINE AMOUNT OF ALCOHOL OR CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE

Section 1547 of the Vehicle CodeIf a person refuses to submit to a chemical test, the testing shall not be conducted but upon notice by the

police officer, the Department of Transportation shall suspend the operating privilege of the person for a period of 12 months.

DRIVING UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF ALCOHOL OR CONTROLLED SUBSTANCESection 3731of the Pennsylvania Vehicle Code

A person shall not drive, operate or be in actual physical control of the movement of any vehicle: while under the influence of alcohol and/or the influence of any controlled substance to a

degree which renders the person incapable of safe driving; or

while the blood-alcohol level of the person is 0.08% or greater for an adult or 0.02% for a minor.

Penalties: OFFENSE JAIL TIME FINES

1st Offense 48 hours - 2 years $300 - $5,0002nd Offense (within 7 years) 30 days - 2 years $300 - $5,0003rd Offense (within 7 years) 90 days - 5 years $300 - $10,0004th or Subsequent Offenses (within 7 years) 1 year - 5 years $300 - $10,000

3. Penalties for Drug Possession and Distribution: Drug laws for Pennsylvania

Marijuana Marijuana Possession:

</= 30 grams: 0 - 30 days; $500> 30 grams: 0 - 1 year; $5,000

Cultivation, delivery or sale: Fines will exceed amount listed so as to exhaust the proceeds of prohibited drug activity.Any amount: 0 - 15 years; $250,000>/= 2 lbs. or >/= 10 live plants: 1 year MMS; $5,000>/= 10 lbs. or >/= 21 live plants: 3 years MMS; $15,000>/= 50 lbs. or >/= 51 live plants: 5 years MMS; $50,000

Sale:Sale to minor: penalty doublesSale within 1,000 feet of school or college: 1 - 2 years MMS (mandatory minimum sentence)

Paraphernalia:Paraphernalia possession: 0 - 1 year; $5,000Sale of paraphernalia to minor: 2 years; $5,000 Driver's license may be suspended 6 months.

4. Council Rock’s Drug and Alcohol Policy Penalties

FIRST OFFENSEa. Possession - To possess, procure, purchase/attempt to possess, procure or

purchase, consume, use or be under the influence of or attempt to consume or use a controlled substance Will result in a recommendation by the Administrator for expulsion for forty-five (45) calendar days provided, however, that the penalty imposed under this section shall not apply to any calendar days that apply to summer vacation – those days from the end of the school year to the first student day of the next school year. All due process requirements shall apply.

b. Sale and/or Distribution – To sell, supply, give, attempt to sell, supply or give. Will result in a recommendation for permanent expulsion by the administrator. The student may reapply for admission to school after one (1) calendar year.

SECOND OFFENSEa. Possession – will result in a recommendation for Expulsion by the

Administrator for a period of one (1) year. The student may apply for readmittance after one (1) calendar year.

b. Sale or Distribution – Will result in a recommendation for permanent expulsion with no right of re-admittance to school.

DRUG PARAHERNALIAa.The possession of drug paraphernalia, absent any possession of a

controlled substance defined by this policy, may result in school discipline including a suspension from school for a maximum of ten (10) days. In extraordinary cases, the Superintendent may recommend a modification of an expulsion requirement under this policy on a case-by-case basis.

Know how and where to seek help… Parents, friends, teacher, counselor, clergy, etc. Narcotics Anonymous (NA), Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) Therapy CARES