ALCOHOL, TOBACCO & DRUGSHEALTH EDUCATION UNIT # 11

WHAT IS ALCOHOL? Psychoactive drug: Is a chemical substance that acts on the brain, affecting a

person’s mind and behavior. Depressant: A drug that slows the central nervous system.  Gateway Drug: A psychoactive substance that leads to the use of other

drugs. Alcoholism: A disease in which a person has a physical and

psychological dependence on alcohol. Tolerance: Reduced sensitivity to a drug as a result of regular use.

WHAT FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE ALCOHOL USE?

Peer pressure Family Media Messages Depression Stress A way to rebel

WHAT IS BLOOD ALCOHOL CONTENT (BAC)?

The amount of alcohol in a person’s blood expressed as a %.

AGG-DWI = Aggravated Driving While Intoxicated (.18 or higher)

DWI = Driving While Intoxicated (.08) DWAI = Driving While Ability Impaired (.05

- .07) NO TOLERANCE LAW – anyone under 21

can not have any level of alcohol in their system.

WHAT FACTORS INFLUENCE BAC? Body weight Body fat % Age Gender Food consumption Amount, kind & rate of alcohol

consumed Tolerance of alcohol Presence of other drugs in bloodstream

ONE-HALF OUNCE OF ALCOHOL IS CONSIDERED ONE DRINK OF ALCOHOL

Beer – contains about 4% alcohol.

Wine – contains about 12% - 14% alcohol.

Liquor – contains about 40% alcohol.

PROOF: Proof: measure of alcohol content that is two times the

percent of alcohol. 80 proof = 40 % alcohol Binge Drinking: Drinking five or more alcohol drinks in one sitting. Hazing Activity: Activity in which a person is forced to participate in a

dangerous or demeaning act to become a member of a club or group.

Alcohol poisoning: Severe and potentially fatal physical reaction to an

alcohol overdose. Effects: Mental confusion, inability to be roused, slow

respiration, irregular heartbeat, low body temp., vomiting, seizures.

TYPES OF DRINKING BEHAVIORS

Social Drinker: Someone who consumes an average of one drink

per day, or may not drink everyday. Drinks at social occasions (parties, weddings,

family gatherings). Knows their limit. Moderate Drinker: No more than one drink a day for women, and no

more than two drinks a day for men. Use alcohol regularly but can stop if they want to. Knows their limit.

TYPES OF DRINKING BEHAVIORS Heavy Drinker: Someone who consumes more than two

drinks a day. Uses alcohol as a crutch. Difficulty limiting their drinks. Experience discomfort w/o alcohol. May experience blackouts. Suffer withdrawal symptoms w/o alcohol.

Lesson # 2

ALCOHOL CONTINUED

IDENTIFY PROBLEM DRINKING: Drinking alone Hiding alcohol from friends and family Relying on alcohol for stressful situations Drinking at unusual times Drinking to get drunk every time you drink Experience blackouts Missing work or school Feeling guilty for drinking

HOW DOES ALCOHOL EFFECT OUR SOCIETY?

Effects family friends and co-workers. Increase in alcohol relates accidents,

violence and crime. Increase medical and insurance and

costs. Physical and psychological problems of

those who suffer as victim of an alcoholic parent.

Increase of domestic violence.

WHAT WOULD HAPPEN TO A PERSON IN THE SHORT LONG TERM EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL ON

THE BODY? (PAGE 414)

SHORT TERM LONG TERMNervous System:

Brain: vision and speech blurred, coordination impaired, sensations and perception are less clear,

Memory: thought process disorganized, memory and concentration dulled

Judgment: reflexes sluggish, inhibitions reducedCardiovascular System:

Heart: heart and blood pressure increase Blood Vessels: blood flow to skin increase, body

temp decreasesDigestive System:

Stomach: increase stomach acids (inc. nausea and vomiting)

Liver: chemicals cause inflammation and scarring Kidneys: inc. urine output leading to dehydration

Respiratory System: Lungs: inc. carbon dioxide Breathing: decreases breathing

Nervous System: Brain: Loss of function, damage, brain

reduction, loss of brain cellsCardiovascular System:

Heart: heart damage, enlarged Blood Vessels: Increased blood

pressure, can cause heart attack and stroke

Digestive System: Stomach: lining damaged, stomach

ulcers, cancer Liver: cirrhosis (scarring) Pancreas: infection due to blockage of

small intestines, cancerRespiratory System:

Lungs: cancer Breathing: decreases breathing

WAYS THE BODY EXCRETES ALCOHOL:

Urination Vomiting Breathing Sweating

Feces

Lesson # 3

TOBACCO

WHAT ARE TYPES OF TOBACCO USE? Cigarettes Cigars Pipes Smokeless Tobacco

DEFINE THE FOLLOWING TERMS USING YOUR TEXT ON PAGE 425-429:

Stimulant Nicotine Tobacco Carcinogen Tar Carbon Monoxide Emphysema Chronic Obstruction Pulmonary Disease

(COPD) Smokeless Tobacco

VOCABULARY Stimulant: A drug that increases the CNS,

heart and other organs. Nicotine: The addictive drug found in

tobacco leaves, raises BP,& HR. Tar: A thick sticky dark fluid produces when

tobacco burns, destroys cilia, damages alveoli ( air sacs), destroys lung tissue.

Carbon Monoxide: Colorless, odorless, poisonous gas, replaces oxygen in blood, deprives tissues and cells of oxygen.

VOCABULARY Tobacco: Plant that contains nicotine. Carcinogen: A chemical that is known

to cause cancer. Emphysema: Condition in which the

alveoli lose most of their ability to function.

Chronic Obstruction Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Disease that interferes with breathing.

Smokeless Tobacco: Tobacco that is chewed or snorted, but not smoked

WHAT WOULD HAPPEN TO A PERSON IN THE SHORT & LONG TERM EFFECTS OF TOBACCO

USE ON THE BODY?

SHORT TERM EFFECTS OF TOBACCO USE:

LONG TERM EFFECTS OF TOBACCO USE:

Changes in brain chemistry: withdrawal symptoms (headaches, nervousness, and trembling as soon as 30 minutes after his/her tobacco use).

Increased respiration and heart rate.

Dulled taste buds and reduced appetite.

Chronic bronchitis Emphysema Lung cancer Coronary heart disease Stroke ** Tobacco leading cause of

deaths due to cancer in the US

**Hard to detect because the symptoms are similar to a smoker

CLASS DISCUSSION: EXPLAIN HOW THESE STRATEGIES COULD HELP

A SMOKER KICK THE HABIT Try to quit with a friend or friends Solicit support from family and friends Remind yourself of the benefits of quitting (physical, mental &

financial) During the 1st week avoid caffeine Take warm shower or bath in morning and at night for the first 4 to 5

days Try doing vigorous exercise to reduce the craving for tobacco Avoid being around people who smoke Change routine associate with the times you use tobacco Put aside money or reward yourself when you do not use tobacco Use positive coping techniques to relieve stress Throw out your cigarettes, lighter, and ashtrays Chew Juicy Fruit instead (It tastes better) Keep a list of why you want to stop

WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF TOBACCO SMOKE? Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) or secondhand

smoke: Air that has been contaminated by tobacco smoke.

Mainstream smoke: The smoke exhaled from the lungs of a smoker

Sidestream smoke: The smoke from the burning end of a cigarette, pipe, or

cigar Most dangerous because it has a higher concentration of

carcinogens, nicotine, and tar.

WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF TOBACCO USE?

Nicotine constricts blood vessels, which cuts down on blood flow to vital organs.

Nicotine also contributes to plaque build up in the blood vessels.

Arteries may become clogged, increasing the risk of heart attack and stroke.

Lesson # 4

ILLEGAL DRUGS

DEFINE THE FOLLOWING TERMS:

Substance Abuse: Any unnecessary or improper use of a

chemical substance for normal or nonmedical purposes.

Illegal Drugs: Chemical substances that people of

any age may not lawfully manufacture, posses, buy, or sell.

WHY DO PEOPLE USE DRUGS? EXPLAIN EACH FACTOR!

Peer Pressure: Family Members: Role Models: Media Messages: Perception:

HEALTH RISKS OF DRUG USE: Explain how the use of drugs affects all

sides of the health triangle:

The Health

Triangle

Physical Health

Mental Health

Social Health

USE YOUR TEXT ON PAGE 437 TO DEFINE THE FOLLOWING TERMS:

Inhalants: Stimulants: Depressants/Sedatives: Narcotics: Hallucinogens: Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids: Designer Drugs

STIMULANTS: DRUGS THAT SPEED UP THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Examples include: cocaine, crack, amphetamines, and methamphetamines.

Cocaine usually makes the user feel euphoric and energetic, but also increases body temperature, blood pressure, and heart rate. Users risk heart attacks, respiratory failure, strokes, seizures, abdominal pain, and nausea. In rare cases, sudden death can occur on the first use of cocaine or unexpectedly afterwards.

Methamphetamine is highly addictive; it increases wakefulness and physical activity, produces rapid heart rate, irregular heartbeat, and increased blood pressure and body temperature. Long-term use can lead to mood disturbances, violent behavior, anxiety, confusion, insomnia, and severe dental problems. All users, but particularly those who inject the drug, risk infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS and hepatitis.

STIMULANTS: DRUGS THAT SPEED UP THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

DEPRESSANTS/SEDATIVES: DRUGS THAT TEND TO SLOW DOWN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Examples include: alcohol, barbiturates, tranquilizers, rohypnol, and GHB.

Rohypnol, GHB, and ketamine are all central nervous system depressants. Lower doses of Rohypnol can cause muscle relaxation and can produce general sedative and hypnotic effects. In higher doses, Rohypnol causes a loss of muscle control, loss of consciousness, and partial amnesia. When combined with alcohol, the toxic effects of Rohypnol can be aggravated.

DEPRESSANTS/SEDATIVES: DRUGS THAT TEND TO SLOW DOWN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

NARCOTICS: SPECIFIC DRUGS DERIVED FROM THE OPIUM PLANT THAT ARE OBTAINABLE ONLY BY PRESCRIPTION AND USED TO RELIEVE PAIN. Examples include: opium, morphine,

heroin, and codeine.

HEROIN Short-term effects of heroin include a surge of

euphoria and clouded thinking followed by alternately wakeful and drowsy states. Heroin depresses breathing, thus, overdose can be fatal. Users who inject the drug risk infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS and hepatitis.

After repeatedly using heroin for a period of time, the long-term effects of the substance begin to appear in the user. Chronic users may develop collapsed veins, infection of the heart lining and valves, abscesses, and liver disease. Additionally, pulmonary complications, including various types of pneumonia, may also result in the user

Within a few hours after the last administration of heroin, withdrawal may occur. This withdrawal can produce effects such as drug craving, restlessness, muscle and bone pain, and vomiting.

HALLUCINOGENS: DRUGS THAT ALTER MOODS, THOUGHTS, AND SENSE PERCEPTIONS INCLUDING VISION, HEARING, SMELL AND TOUCHExamples include: PCP, LSD, ecstasy

(MDMA) and ketamine (special K).

ECSTASY (MDMA) MDMA produces feelings of increased energy,

euphoria, emotional warmth, and distortions in time, perception, and tactile experiences.

MDMA can produce confusion, depression, sleep problems, drug craving, and severe anxiety. These problems can occur soon after taking the drug or, sometimes, even days or weeks after taking MDMA.

Other effects include increases in heart rate and blood pressure—which present risks of particular concern for people with circulatory problems or heart disease—and other symptoms such as muscle tension, involuntary teeth clenching, nausea, blurred vision, faintness, and chills or sweating.

LSD (ACID) LSD can distort perceptions of reality and produce

hallucinations; the effects can be frightening and cause panic. It is sold as tablets, capsules, liquid, or on absorbent paper.

LSD users can also experience flashbacks, or recurrences of certain aspects of the drug experience. Flashbacks occur suddenly, often without warning, and may do so within a few days or years later after LSD use. In some individuals, the flashbacks can persist and cause significant distress or impairment in social or occupational functioning, a condition known as hallucinogen-induced persisting perceptual disorder (HPPD).

MARIJUANA This drug is unique. It can act like one of the 4 main

categories each and every time it is used. The user may experience different effects with the drug with each use.

Highly psychologically addictive drug people think they can control.

MARIJUANAThe main active chemical in marijuana is THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol). Short-term effects of marijuana use include problems with memory and learning, distorted perception, difficulty in thinking and problem solving, loss of coordination, increased heart rate, and anxietyThe use of marijuana can produce adverse physical, mental, emotional, and behavioral effects. Because marijuana affects brain systems that are still maturing through young adulthood, its use by teens may have a negative effect on their development. Additionally, studies have shown an association between chronic marijuana use and increased rates of anxiety, depression, suicidal thoughts, and schizophrenia.

VOCABULARY Inhalants: Chemicals that affect mood

and behavior when inhaled. Stimulants: Drugs that speed up the

central nervous system. Examples include: cocaine, crack, amphetamines, and meth.

Depressants/Sedatives: Drugs that tend to slow/depress down the central nervous system. Examples include: barbiturates, tranquilizers, rohypnol, and GHB.

VOCABULARY Narcotics: Specific drugs derived from the

opium plant that are obtainable only by prescription and used to relieve pain. Examples include: opium, morphine, heroin, and codeine.

Hallucinogens: Drugs that alter moods, thoughts, and sense perceptions including vision, hearing, smell and touch. Examples include: PCP, LSD, ecstasy (MDMA) and ketamine (special K).

Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids: Steroid used to treat medical conditions.

Designer Drugs: Synthetic substances meant to imitate the effects of hallucinogens and other dangerous drugs.