subject area: honors lab chemistry · compare and contrast mass and weight ... subject area: honors...

Subject Area: Honors Lab Chemistry

Unit: Introduction Duration: 1.0 weeks

Essential Outcome and Related Standards:

Recall a definition of chemistry

Compare and contrast mass and weight

Explain why chemist are interested in a submicroscopic definition of matter

Understand the process and stages of scientific problem solving

Compare and contrast types of variables

Understand the differences between scientific law and scientific theory

Compare and contrast pure and applied research

Understand there are levels of complexity in thinking, and how this is relevant to chemistry

State Standards: 3.1.A; 3.1.B, 3.1.C, 3.1.D, 3.1.E, 3.2.A, 3.2.B, 3.2.C

Content and Instructional Activities: UNIT OUTLINE - 2005

What is Chemistry and where is it used? o Ice breaker activity o How the brain works for memory

Scientific Method

Activity Remediation: Additional worksheets and internet sites as appropriate Enrichment: Web Quests and Lab Reports as appropriate Assessment Criteria: Teacher and Publisher created tests, labs, review sheets, and activities Resources and Materials: Glencoe “Chemistry – Matter and Change” Flinn – “ChemTopic Labs”

Mr. Ian Guch – Chemfiesta materials “Hands-On Chemistry Activities with Real-Life Applications” (Josey-Bass) Internet and other materials as determined appropriate by the instructor


Unit: Safety Duration: 1 weeks


Know what an MSDS and NFPA label look like, and what types of information they contain

Interpret chemical labels

Differentiate between the terms caution, warning and danger

Know how to behave in case of a lab accident

Know what the terms toxicity, chronic toxicity, acute toxicity, mutagens, teratogens, carcinogens and LD-50 mean.

Understand the basics of lab safety and what types of behaviors are not acceptable

Know key lab safety equipment

Identify common lab equipment

Understand Right-to-Know

Know the difference between combustible and flammable

State Standard(s): Frankly, there are no state standards for chemical safety. Content and Instructional Activities: UNIT OUTLINE

Safety Overview Find and identify lab safety equipment

Safety Rules Contract Safety poster

Safety Warnings Movie? NFPA and MSDS notes Internet project on MSDS and terms

Introductions to lab equipment Find and identify lab equipment Practice weighing, measuring volume, Bunsen burners, hot plates

Remediation: Additional worksheets and internet sites as appropriate Enrichment: Web Quests and Lab Reports as appropriate Assessment Criteria: Teacher and Publisher created tests, labs, review sheets, and activities Resources and Materials: Glencoe “Chemistry – Matter and Change” Flinn – “ChemTopic Labs” Mr. Ian Guch – Chemfiesta materials “Hands-On Chemistry Activities with Real-Life Applications” (Josey-Bass) Internet and other materials as determined appropriate by the instructor


Unit: Problem Solving Duration: 2.5 weeks


Be able to apply a 3-step strategy for problem-solving.

Know SI units of length, mass, volume, time, temperature

Know/ use/ convert simple metric prefixes and problems

Know conversion factor and Dimensional Analysis

Distinguish between quantitative and qualitative measurements

Calculate accuracy, precision, and percent error and know the differences between them

Perform calculations of density

Convert complex units using Dimensional Analysis

State Standard(s):3.1.A; 3.1.C: 3.2.A: 3.2.B: 3.2.C: 3.2.D: 3.4.10.A; 3.4.12.A

Content and Instructional Activities:

Measurement and the metric system Importance of units/ Units of measure Converting metric units

Problem Solving Three steps to word problems Conversion factors Conversion factor lab Dimensional Analysis

Simple

Complex problems/units

Types of measurements o Density lab

Accuracy/ Precision/ Percent Error Accuracy and Precision activities Worksheets and Percent Error

Subject Area: Honors Lab chemistry

Unit: Matter Duration: 2 weeks


Recall the three states of matter and their general properties Understand and recall definitions for physical and chemical properties Know the difference between elements, mixtures and compounds Categorize matter as homogenous and heterogeneous mixtures Distinguish between ways to separate mixtures and compounds Apply the laws of Conservation of Mass and Conservation of Energy Know the parts of a solution Classify changes as either being physical or chemical

State Standards: 3.1.A, 3.1.B, 3.1.C, 3.1.D, 3.1.E, 3.2.A, 3.2.B, 3.4.10.A; 3.4.12.A


1. Categorize types of Matter i. Discovery Activity

b. Categorizing matter activity c. Notes – Types of Matter d. Separate mixtures lab or chromatography e. Pizza lab

2. Physical and Chemical Properties a. Notes – properties and changes b. Lab – Chemical and Physical changes c. Moleionairre or other review

Subject Area: Lab Chemistry

Unit: Atomic Basics Duration: 2.5 weeks


Recall a very brief history of Atomic Theory Know and understand the five main aspects of Dalton's Atomic Theory Understand how the Law’s of Definite proportion and Multiple Proportion were developed and led

to an understanding of the atom Know how the cathode ray tube and gold foil experiments lead to the development of the model

of the atom Know how light was used to develop Bohr’s model of the atom Understand how wavelength, frequency, velocity, and energy are all related in light Be able to calculate the energy of a photon given the wavelength and vice versa Understand what emission spectra are Know the three particles that make up the atom and their relative charges, masses and positions

in the atom Know what the term isotope means Be able to use the Atomic # and Mass # of an isotope to calculate the numbers of protons,

neutrons and electrons Be able to calculate average atomic mass

State Standards: 3.1.A; 3.1.B; 3.1.C; 3.1.D; 3.2.A; 3.2.B; 3.2.C; 3.4.10.A;

3.4.12.A Content and Instructional Activities:

Atomic History Greeks to Newton Symbols and important elements Laws of Mass and Proportion

M&M activity Dalton’s Atomic Theory

Atomic Structure Thomson and the electron Rutherford and the nucleus

Pennies lab eg. Symbols, Atomic number and mass

Light and Atoms Bohr’s planetary model Light and energy

Light theory activities Light, speed, wavelength, frequency Scientific notation

Atomic Specta Emission spectra

Atomic colors lab

Energy and frequency Explaining Atomic spectra Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle Isotopes, Atomic Mass, and Ions

Candium Lab



Unit: Quantum Mechanics Duration: 2 weeks


understand Schrodinger's atomic model based on quantum mechanics and the use of probability to predict the behavior of an electron.

understand the electron cloud in terms of shells, subshells, and orbitals.

know how to write electron configurations and orbital diagrams (for elements up to #86) based on the Schrodinger model.

understand how Schrodinger's model can be used to predict the behavior of atoms with the noble gases serving as the benchmark of stability.

understand how Schrodinger's model explains family behavior in the periodic table.

be familiar with Mendeleev's original organization for the perodic table and his "missing" elements.

be familiar with the concept of "periodicity".

be familiar with the contribution of Henry Mosely and the reorganization of the periodic table using Modern Periodic Law.

be able to identify elements in the periodic table in terms of the following: periods, groups, metals, transition metals, inner transition metals, nonmetals, metalloids (semi-metals), alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens, and noble gases.

understand the periodic trends in atomic radius of atoms and the structural reasons for those trends.

understand how atoms change in radius when they form ions.

understand how first ionization energy changes

understand how electronegativity changes State Standard(s):3.1.A; 3.1.B; 3.2.A; 3.2.B; 3.2.D; 3.4.10.A; 3.4.12.A Content and Instructional Activities:

Review history

Periodic Properties

Quantum Model – Differences from Bohr Probability activity

Quantum numbers Shells or PQN’s Subshells

S, p, d, f

Shapes Order of filling

Aufbau, Pauli, Hund o pencils and cups

orbital diagram arrow diagram relate to periodic chart

valence electrons

Periodic Properties and how related to Quantum numbers/energy levels Remediation: Additional worksheets and internet sites as appropriate Enrichment: Web Quests and Lab Reports as appropriate Assessment Criteria: Teacher and Publisher created tests, labs, review sheets, and activities Resources and Materials: Glencoe “Chemistry – Matter and Change” Flinn – “ChemTopic Labs” Mr. Ian Guch – Chemfiesta materials “Hands-On Chemistry Activities with Real-Life Applications” (Josey-Bass) Internet and other materials as determined appropriate by the instructor


Unit: Periodic Table Duration: 2 weeks


Know what groups and periods are on the periodic table Be able to recall the family (group) names of groups 1A, 2A, 7A and 8A Know where to find metals, non-metals and metalloids on the periodic table Know some typical properties of metals, nonmetals, and metalloids Find the s-block, p-block, d-block, and f-block elements on the chart Realize that properties repeat in families Know the transition metals, rare earth names Realize that Noble gases have a stable electronic configuration, and that other

elements try to achieve this configuration

Recall how, and understand why, group I, II, VI and VII elements achieve pseudo noble gas electronic configurations to become more stable

Recall the definition of ionization energy Recall and understand the variation in ionization energy when moving about the

periodic table Recall how and why atomic radius and electronegativity vary when moving about

the periodic table

State Standard(s): 3.1.A; 3.1.B; 3.1.E; 3.2.A; 3.2.B; 3.2.C; 3.2.D; 3.4.10.A;

3.4.12.A Content and Instructional Activities: Development of the table Missing Elements activity Designing your own Table activity Organization of the table Visual cues/markers for s,p,d,f block elements Periodic Trends Poster project recommended


Unit: Ionic Compounds Duration: 1.5 weeks

Essential Outcome and Related Standards: ALL students should;

Define chemical bond

Describe difference between cations and anions

Relate bond formations to electron configuration

Account for the properties of ionic compounds

Write formulas for ionic compounds

Name ionic Compounds

STATE STANDARDS: 3.1A, 3.1B, 3.2A, 3.2B, 3.2C, 3.2D, 3.4.10A, 3.4.12A


Bond Types and Electronegativity o Discovery lab/activity on bond types vs. properties

Draw Lewis Structures/Apply to Periodic Table

Use Manipulatives to Explore Nomenclature o Rules and practice sheets

Nomenclature for Polyatomics, Transition Metals

Ionic Compound Lab-e.g. “Six Solution Lab”

Metallic Non-Bonding o Copper-to-Silver-to-Gold Lab


Unit: Covalent Compounds Duration: 3 weeks


Apply the octet rule to covalent bonds

Describe single, double, triple bonds

Compare/contrast sigma and pi bonds

Relate the strength of covalent bonds to bond length and bond energy

Name binary covalent compounds

Name acids

Draw molecular structures using Lewis rules

Understand VSEPR theory

Predict the shape and bond angles in molecules

Describe the properties of covalent compounds

Know polar vs. nonpolar bonds and molecules

STATE STANDARDS: 3.1B, 3.1C, 3.2 all, 3.4.10.A, 3.4.12.A

Content and Instructional Activities: UNIT OUTLINE

Compare and Contrast Covalent and Ionic Bonds o Discovery activity- e.g. “Solutions on Board”

Multiple Bonds and Strengths

Covalent Properties o Lab or scavenger hunt activities

Lewis Structures and Practice

Naming Covalent Compounds and Simple Acids

Molecular Structures

Molecular Shape o Balloon activity or Ball and Stick lab

Polarity o Bend Water o Chromatography lab


Unit: Reactions and Equations Duration: 2 weeks


Recognize evidence of chemical change

Represent chemical reactions with equations

Classify chemical reactions

Identify different types of reactions

Balance chemical equations

STATE STANDARDS: 3.1C, 3.1E, 3.2B, 3.2D, 3.4.10A, 3.4.12A


Discovery Activity: e.g.-Effervescent Tablet into Base

Chemical Change and Reactions o Equations-Types and Balancing o M&M activity

Types of Reactions o Lab



Unit: The Mole Duration: 2 weeks


Relate a mile to common counting units

Describe how a mole is used in chemistry

Convert moles to particles

Calculate from grams to moles to atoms and back

Recognize molar relationships in formula

Calculate molar mass

Calculate moles of compounds from grams

Determine number of atoms or ions in a mass of a compound

Calculate percent composition

Determine empirical and molecular formulas

Know what hydrates are

Determine the formula for a hydrate

STATE STANDARDS: 3.1.A, 3.2.A, 3.2.B, 3.2.C, 3.2.D, 3.4.10.A, 3.4.12.A


Discovery Labs- Weighing for Counting (several)

What is a mole?

How large is a mole? Number of rooms for one mole of rice activity

Number of Moles in Various Objects o Worksheets

Determine molar mass of compounds o Drops of water on a penny activity o Worksheets

Percent composition, Empirical formulas and molecular formulas o Worksheets

Hydrates o Hydrate lab

Subject Area: Honor Lab Chemistry

Unit: Stoichiometry Duration: 2 week


Write mole ratios from balanced equations

Calculate amounts of products or reactants given the mass of another product or reactant

Identify limiting reagents

Determine theoretical yield

Determine percent yield

STATE STANDARDS: 3.1A, 3.1C, 3.2A, 3.2B, 3.2C, 3.2D, 3.4.10A, 3.4.12A


Analogy-e.g. Bike Building

Mole Ratios o Worksheets

Mass-to-Mass Analogy o Calculate simple stoichiometry problems o Stoichiometry Lab

Limiting Reagent o Worksheets/analogies

Percent Yields and problems o Percent yield lab



Unit: Kinetic Theory and Gases Duration: 2 weeks


Understand how Kinetic-molecular Theory explains properties of solids, liquids, and gases

Explain how gas pressure is measured

Explain how a change in energy can cause a phase change

State the relationship among pressure, temperature, and volume in the combined gas law

Use the ideal gas law to calculate problems

STATE STANDARDS: 3.1A, 3.1B, 3.1.C, 3.1.D, 3.1.E, 3.2.A, 3.2.B, 3.2.D, 3.4.10.A, 3.4.12.A


Human molecule activity to explore P, T, V relations

Kinetic theory o Diffusion of molecules activity

Gas laws o Worksheets o Pressure, volume activity (eg. Weigh a car)

Ideal Gas law o Worksheets

Gas Lab Remediation: Additional worksheets and internet sites as appropriate Enrichment: Web Quests and Lab Reports as appropriate Assessment Criteria: Teacher and Publisher created tests, labs, review sheets, and activities Resources and Materials: Glencoe “Chemistry – Matter and Change” Flinn – “ChemTopic Labs” Mr. Ian Guch – Chemfiesta materials “Hands-On Chemistry Activities with Real-Life Applications” (Josey-Bass)

Internet and other materials as determined appropriate by the instructor Subject Area: Honors Lab Chemistry

Unit: Solutions Duration: 2 weeks


Describe characteristics of solutions

Describe solubility and identify factors affecting solubility

Calculate concentrations of solutions

Explain and describe the four colligative properties

Identify properties of suspensions and colloids

STATE STANDARDS: 3.1.A, 3.1.B, 3.1.C, 3.2.B, 3.2.D, 3.4.10.A, 3.4.12.A


Discovery activity – oil and water eg.

Solutions and solubility o L – Rock candy eg.

Concentration o Kool-aid activity eg.

Molarity worksheets

Colligative properties o Boiling Pt. elevation or Freezing Pt. depression egs.

Suspension o Tyndall effect activity

Beer’s Law

Phase Diagram o Gas, Liquid, Solid

Like Dissolves Like Laboratory

Solubility Patterns o Periodic Trends of Alkaline Metal Salts

Remediation: Additional worksheets and internet sites as appropriate

Enrichment: Web Quests and Lab Reports as appropriate Assessment Criteria: Teacher and Publisher created tests, labs, review sheets, and activities Resources and Materials: Glencoe “Chemistry – Matter and Change” Flinn – “ChemTopic Labs” Mr. Ian Guch – Chemfiesta materials “Hands-On Chemistry Activities with Real-Life Applications” (Josey-Bass) Internet and other materials as determined appropriate by the instructor


Unit: Reaction Rates and Kinetics Duration: 2 week


Know factors effecting the rates of reactions using collision theory

Interpret the meaning of the rate of a reaction

Know collision theory

Interpret potential energy diagrams

Calculate average rates of reaction from data

Express the relationship between reaction rate and concentration

Determine reaction orders using the method of initial rates

State Standards: 3.1.12A, 3.2.12 A, 3.2.10 B, 3.2.10 C, 3.4.12 B, 3.7.10 A, 3.8.12 C Content and Instructional Activities:

A model for reaction rates o Expressing rates o Calculating rates o Calculating average rates o Collision theory

Factors affecting rates o Nature of reactants o Concentration, Surface area, temperature, catalyst

Rate Laws o Specific rate constant o Reaction order o Determining Reaction order

If time : Instantaneous Reaction Rates o Reaction mechanism and rate determining step

Remediation: Additional worksheets and internet sites as appropriate Enrichment:

Web Quests and Lab Reports as appropriate Assessment Criteria: Teacher and Publisher created tests, labs, review sheets, and activities Resources and Materials: Glencoe “Chemistry – Matter and Change” Flinn – “ChemTopic Labs” Mr. Ian Guch – Chemfiesta materials “Hands-On Chemistry Activities with Real-Life Applications” (Josey-Bass) Internet and other materials as determined appropriate by the instructor


Unit: Chemical Equilibrium Duration: 2.0 week


. Recognize the characteristics of chemical equilibrium

. Write equilibrium expressions for systems that are at equilibrium.

. Calculate equilibrium constants from concentration data.

. Describe how various factors affect chemical equilibrium.

. Explain how Le Chatelier’s principal applies to equilibrium systems.

. Determine equilibrium concentrations of reactants and products State Standards: 3.1.A; 3.1.B, 3.1.C, 3.1.D, 3.1.E, 3.2.A, 3.2.B, 3.2.C Content and Instructional Activities: Chemical Equilibrium

Discovery Lab- Does this equal same amounts of reactants and products? Factors affecting chemical equilibrium

Hydrogen Bonding Using Equilibrium Constants Chemical Journal- Electrolytes Portfolio-Lead-Based Paints Problem-Solving Lab-How does fluoride prevent tooth decay? ChemLab- Comparing Two Solubility Product Constants Remediation: Additional worksheets and internet sites as appropriate Enrichment: Web Quests and Lab Reports as appropriate Assessment Criteria: Teacher and Publisher created tests, labs, review sheets, and activities

Resources and Materials: Glencoe “Chemistry – Matter and Change” Flinn – “ChemTopic Labs” Mr. Ian Guch – Chemfiesta materials “Hands-On Chemistry Activities with Real-Life Applications” (Josey-Bass) Internet and other materials as determined appropriate by the instructor


Unit: Acids/Bases Duration: 2 weeks


Identify properties of acids and bases

Classify solutions as acidic, basic or neutral

Relate the strength of an acid to its ionization constant

Calculate acid and base concentrations experimentally

Write chemical equations for neutralization reactions

Explain the meaning of pH and pOH

Know the fundamentals of neutralization

Explain buffers and how they relate to pH

STATE STANDARDS: 3.1.A, 3.1.B, 3.1.C, 3.2.B, 3.2.D, 3.4.10.A, 3.4.12.A


Acids and Bases o Properties Lab o Indicators Lab o Common Products Lab

pH and pOH o Titration Lab o pH Meter Lab, Science in Motion o Buffer Lab

Neutralization Reaction Worksheet Remediation: Additional worksheets and internet sites as appropriate Enrichment: Web Quests and Lab Reports as appropriate

Assessment Criteria: Teacher and Publisher created tests, labs, review sheets, and activities Resources and Materials: Glencoe “Chemistry – Matter and Change” Flinn – “ChemTopic Labs” Mr. Ian Guch – Chemfiesta materials “Hands-On Chemistry Activities with Real-Life Applications” (Josey-Bass) Internet and other materials as determined appropriate by the instructor


Unit: Organic Chemistry Duration: 2 weeks


Compare and contrast the structures and properties of alkanes, alkenes and alkynes.

Draw the structures for the alkanes, alkenes and alkynes.

Distinguish between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbon.

Nomenclature of the respective structures.

Distinguish between two main categories of isomers, structural isomers and stereoisomers.

State Standards: 3.1.10B, 3.2.12 C, 3.3.12 A, 3.3.12 B, 3.7.10 A, 3.8.12 A


Introduction to Alkanes o Viscocity of Motor Oil Discovery Lab o Analyze Hydrocarbon Burner Gases o Alternative Energy

Reading assignment with questions

Cycloalkanes o Naming cyclo-structures o Properties of cyclo structures

Alkenes and Alkynes o Synthesis and Reactivity of Ethyne

Isomers o Identifying structural, geometric and optical isomers

Remediation: Additional worksheets and internet sites as appropriate Enrichment: Web Quests and Lab Reports as appropriate

Assessment Criteria: Teacher and Publisher created tests, labs, review sheets, and activities Resources and Materials: Glencoe “Chemistry – Matter and Change” Flinn – “ChemTopic Labs” Mr. Ian Guch – Chemfiesta materials “Hands-On Chemistry Activities with Real-Life Applications” (Josey-Bass) Internet and other materials as determined appropriate by the instructor


Unit: Thermodynamics Duration: 2 weeks


Explain what energy is and distinguish between potential and kinetic energy Know endothermic vs. exothermic reactions Distinguish between heat capacity and specific heat Understand and categorize various forms of energy Be able to use the formula for calculating heat energy using specific heat

capacity Be able to calculate simple calorimetry problems Write thermochemical equations for reactions Describe how energy is lost or gained during changes is state Use Hess’s law of summation of enthalpies of reations to calculate the enthalpy

change Determine the enthalpy change for a reaction using standard enthalpies of

formation

State Standards: 3.1.A; 3.1.C; 3.2.A; 3.2.B; 3.2.D; 3.4.10.B; 3.4.12.B;


o Energy o Types of energy Notes o Heat, temperature, endothermic, exothermic

Exploring endo and exothermic lab - Flinn o Specific heat and heat capacity o Calorimetry Lab o Thermochemical equations and enthalpy

Changes in state lab and graphing o Hess’s law and heat of formation o If Time allows – Reaction spontaneity and Gibbs free energy

Remediation: Additional worksheets and internet sites as appropriate

Enrichment: Web Quests and Lab Reports as appropriate Assessment Criteria: Teacher and Publisher created tests, labs, review sheets, and activities Resources and Materials: Glencoe “Chemistry – Matter and Change” Flinn – “ChemTopic Labs” Mr. Ian Guch – Chemfiesta materials “Hands-On Chemistry Activities with Real-Life Applications” (Josey-Bass) Internet and other materials as determined appropriate by the instructor


Unit: Nuclear Chemistry Duration: 2 weeks


Understand many nuclei are unstable

Know alpha, beta, and gamma radiation

Know units of measures of REM and calculate your yearly average

Determine atomic number, mass, and element given by alpha and beta decay

Determine half-life and apply in general to radioactive dating

Determine a transmutation of 235

U to Pb to Au

Know difference between fission and fusion

Understand how radio activity is useful in everyday life

STATE STANDARDS: 3.1.A, 3.1.C, 3.2.A, 3.2.B, 3.2.C, 3.2.D, 3.4.10.A, 3.4.12.A


History/Nuclear Radiation o Proton/neutron ratio o Alpha, beta, gamma rays

Radioactive Decay o Worksheets o Lead to Gold activity

Transmutations o Half-life calculations

Fission and Fusion o Dirty Bomb internet activity

Applications and Effects o Calculate your yearly dosage

subject area: honors lab chemistry · compare and contrast mass and weight ... subject area: honors...

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