STYLE AND AUDIENCE

Munsif

2013-MA_ELT_35

Audience

Audience design the in sociolinguistic model outline by Allen Bell in 1984 which is the process that linguistic shift Occurs primarily in the response to the speaker Audience.

Types of the Audience

These types define by Bell . Address : Listeners who are know

ratified and address . Auditor : Listeners who are not directly

addressed , but are know and ratified . Over hearer : non ratified. Eave dropper :non ratified Listeners

Whom the speaker unawares.

Design the Audience

The model of design helps to why people to a non native ear to ,“pick up “ Accent of the they stay in .

British or the north American English speaker spending a couple of the year in Austrlain would have a predominate Austrian English speaking audience .

Style The way of the is used language . Register

you adopt type language to specific context .or audience .

In sociolinguistic style is the set of linguistic variants with specific social meaning and attributes .

The study of the social linguistic varieties examine the relationship between social identity and the way of speaking .

Style refer to use of …………………… in particular context .

Vocabulary Idioms Syntax and Certain grammatical structure

Leech and short

Style is the way of which language is used in the given context by given person and so on .

Leech

Style may be seen as the particular way of the speaking

Style therefore refer to the wide range of the strategic actions wide performance that speaker engage into constructed them and their social live.

Below we cites some of the major definition from various source

According to the French writer buffon (1973) .,

“Style is the man himself “ Emorson “ A mans style in his minds

voice “ Gibbon “ style is the image of the

character”

There five types of the language styles The formal style : Archaic language : The modified formal style : The colloquial style : The ultra-colloquiall:

The formal style of the language. The formal style is difficult words. i.e.: Abstract noun , liberty , hegemony,

sanctification ,etc Complex sentences with clauses

example: he had been prepared die

Archaic language style

Words and phrases that were used regularly in a language, but are now less common are archaic. Such words and phrases are often used deliberately to refer to earlier times. For instance, the pronoun  'thou', which is very rarely used nowadays is an archaism, which is sometimes used to suggest biblical language or a dialect .

Example of Archaic language Words

Abaft

Agone

Alack

Alow

Aye

Mayhap

Definition Towards Before Ago Express sorrow Below Yes Perhapes

The modified formal style . The modified formal style a greater

number of the plain English words Active used rather passive voice .

Active voice ; the girl walked the dog . Passive voice , the dog was walked by

the girl. The used of abbreviated verb form

wouldn’t ,can’t ,shouldn’t etc .

The colloquial style :

The colloquial style everyday English words you would use when talking to your friendly/family .filler words used E.g. .like, know that I mean . Ok .etc .

The ultra-colloquial style

The ultra-colloquial style very casual speaking style (easy words ) .

Style also includes stylistic device live hyperbole , imagery , irony ,etc

Five Principles of style There is the no single style speakers

Style can ranged along a single dimension measured by the amount of attention paid to speaker .

The vernacular in which the minimum attention is paid to speech, to provides the most systematic data for linguistic analysis .

Principles

Any systematic observation of a speaker define a formal context where more than the minimum attention is paid to speech

Face to face interview only means of obtaining the volume and quality of recorded speech that is indeed for qualitative analysis .

Some element effect the style Interviews Style of the social context Social class Genders Community Society Age sex

Qaim Ali Shah speech

Bilwal zardari speech

Map of sindh

Song