Training report onIndustrial training at

On the topic:-STUDY OF RADAR SYSTEM

Submitted to:-

Under:- Mr. Aman VohraStart Date for Internship:-June 16th 2014End Date for Internship:-July 26th 2014

Submitted by:-Atul Sharma, B.Tech IV

year, ECEMaharaja Agrasen InstituteOf Technology, GGSIPU

INTRODUCTION RADAR is an acronym for RAdio Detecting And Ranging. First successfully demonstrated in 1936. It uses electromagnetic waves. It enjoys wide range of application.

The World War II RADAR ‘Wurzberg Rise’

Principle Of Working

Radar is used to find the • Location,• Distance,• Direction of the target.

Radar Range Equation

Rmax = [Pt .G.б.Ae / (4П)2Smin]1/4

G = 4ПAe / λ2

Ae = G.λ2 / 4П

Where Smin = Minimum power received

Pt = Power transmitted

G = antenna gain

б = radar cross section of target

Ae= effective area

Rmax = Maximum Radar Range

Types Of Radar

Primary Radar A Primary Radar transmits high-frequency

signals which are reflected at targets. The arisen echoes are received and evaluated.

Secondary Radar At these radar sets the target must have a

transponder (transmitting responder) on board and this transponder responds to interrogation by transmitting a coded reply signal.

Continuous Wave Radar

Pulse Radar

Classification on the basis of use:

SOME RADAR SETS

3-D surveillance Radar (ROHINI)

Low Level Light Weight Radar (ASHLESHA)

Low level Light weight Radar(BHARANI)

INDRA II

RADAR DEVICES

ANTENNA

TRANSMITTER

RECEIVER

RADAR DISPLAY

RADAR ANTENNA

An antenna either receives energy from an

electromagnetic field or radiates electromagnetic waves

produced by a high frequency generator.

Parabolic antenna Cassegrain antenna Slot antenna

TRANSMITTERA radar transmitter generates RF- energy

Necessary for scanning the free space.

RECEIVERThe function of the receiver is to take the weak

echoes from the antenna system, amplify them

sufficiently, detect the pulse envelope, amplify

the pulses, and feed them to the indicator.

RADAR DISPLAY

A-SCOPE

B-SCOPE

PLAN-POSITION INDICATOR(PPI)

A-SCOPE

Presents only the range to the target and the relativestrength of the echo.

B-SCOPE

It provides a 2-D representation in which horizontal axis represents measurement of azimuth (bearing) and vertical axis represents the measurement of the range.

PLAN-POSTION INDICATOR(PPI)It is an intensity-modulation type display system which indicates both range and azimuthal angle of the targetsimultaneously in polar coordinate.The distance of the bright spot radiating outward from thecentre gives the range or the distance of the target from the radar transmitter while the direction in which the spot deflects at certain instant corresponds to the direction of radar antenna (i.e. target direction) at that instant.

Thank You