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cici desri, dedesri fitriyana

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  • Dede Sri Fitriyana (110060008)

    UNSWAGATI

    CIREBON

  • Definition of reading

    According to Burhan (2012: 9), reading is a physic and mental activity to reveal the meaning of the written texts, while in that activity there is a process of knowing letters.

    The process of extracting meaning from a written or printed text. (Richard Nordquist)

    Cline et.al (2006: 2), states that reading is decoding and understanding written texts. Decoding requires translating the symbols of writing system (including Braille) into the spoken words which they represent. Understanding is determined by the purposes for reading, the context, the nature of the text, and the readers strategies and knowledge.

  • Text Marking

    When you are reading a text that contains many facts

    and ideas, it is helpful to mark the important facts and ideas

    so that they stand out and can be used for reviewing and

    remembering the material.

  • Underlining

    Circling or making a box around words or phrases

    Drawing lines or arrows from one part of the text to

    another

    Writing a key word, date, or name in the margin

    Making a star or arrow in the margin beside an important

    point

    Making a question mark or exclamation point to express

    your reaction

    Numbering points in a series

  • the topic of the passage

    the thesis statement, if the thesis is directly stated

    signals for the overall pattern of the passage

    the main idea

    the details that support the thesis or main idea, including key

    dates or names

    ideas that seem to differ from what you already know or

    have read about

    terms or points that are difficult to understand

  • In addition to marking a text, write study questions and quiz

    questions:

    Before you read, use the title, headings and subheadings to

    form questions about the text. This will help you focus your

    thinking.

    When you have finished reading and marking the text,

    write quiz questions about the important facts and ideas to

    help reinfoirce your learning.

  • Textbooks and newspaper or magazine articles often use

    graphics to help make a point. These graphics can come in

    many different forms: graphs, charts, tables and diagrams.

    Always look at graphics carefully and connect them to

    specific parts of the text.

  • The five basic steps of SQ3R are:

    SURVEY

    QUESTION

    READ

    RECITE

    REVIEW

  • Preparing diligently for class demands that you not only

    understand the important concepts but also remember them. By

    following the recommended techniques and adapting them to

    you learning style(s), you can improve your academic

    performance and utilize time more efficiently.

  • Reading the title page and the preface or introduction should

    give you some idea about the author's point of view and his

    purpose in writing the text.

    Quickly survey a couple of chapters in the text to see the

    type of design and study support.

    Next, check the back of the book to see whether answers, a

    glossary, a bibliography, or an index are provided.

  • STEPS IN SURVEYING TEXT

    reading the title, the objectives, and introductory paragraph.

    skim the heading, sub-headings;

    read the topic sentence

    Next, glance at any pictures, graphs or diagrams.

    read the summary or highlights and questions

  • write your own questions or reread the questions listed at the end of the chapter.

    Questions can be easily formed by using Who, What, Where, When, How, and Why with a heading of sub-heading.

    The open questions

    What, How, and Why-call for extended answers

    The closed questions-Who, Where, and When-call for briefer answers.

    By forming your own questions, you will focus on the material being read, improve your concentration, and provide a purpose for you reading.

  • READ

    Reading to predict and find answers

    underline or highlight

    after you have read the section so that you can more accurately

    select the main concepts

    do not underline too much.

    Remember to underline the key words or phrases, not the entire

    sentence, unless necessary.

  • recite in various ways: orally, mentally or in a written form

    Study skills specialists recommend that nearly half of your

    study-reading time should be spent in this step.

  • The final step in the SQ3R process, Review, is the most

    important one for retention of material, yet one of the most

    readily eliminated by students. Some students answer

    questions, review notes or underline material, and write a

    summary of the main points while others review aloud.

    Students who are highly visual may choose to make a map

    or chart of the material.

  • CONCLUSSION

    Make infers is mean that the information is never clearly stated by the writer.

    The writers give you hints/clues that help you reading between the lines. Using these clues to give your deeper understanding of your reading.

    When infer you go beyond the surface detail to see other meaning that the detail suggest/imply (not stated)

    Inference just a big word that means a conclusion/judgment, if we do not see, hear, smell, fell and taste, it make sense that has happened to us.

    Making inference mean choosing the most likely explanation from the fact at hand.

    General ways to help inferring what an author implying

  • General sense

    We have to know the context of the text as the word meaning.

    Example

    If it not at the general sense, the writer use the word more specifically.

    Antonym and contrast

    We can know the conclusion or information by the antonym or contrast of the word mean.

    Be careful of the meaning you infer.

    When the sentence unfamiliar, is possible to infer or guess the word meaning.

    At drawing conclusion (inference), you are getting at the ultimate meaning of things, what is important, why it is important, how one event influence another, how one happening leads to another. Simply getting the fact in reading is not enough, you must think about what those facts mean to you.

  • You must much reading and learning about vocabulary in

    your dictionary or another source to added new words in

    your mind.

    Remember about material of making inference to answer

    the exercise.

    Keep try and learning about making inference