study of partial replacement of fine aggregate by u … · compacting factor of fresh concrete is...

STUDY OF PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF FINE AGGREGATE BY USING QUARRY DUST

1Sathish Kumar.K,

2Bala Ganesh.A,

3Hariharan.J,

4Dhakshan Khanna.Dand,

5Vimalraja.J.

1Assistant Professor,

2,3,4Student

1,2,3,4,5Department of Civil Engineering, BIST, BIHER, Bharath University, Chennai.

[email protected]

Abstract: River sand is most commonly used fine

aggregate in concrete but due to acute shortage in

many areas, availability, cost and environmental

impact are major concern. To overcome from this

crisis, partial replacement of sand with quarry dust can

be an economic alternative. In this project determine

the strength and durability of concrete by using quarry

dust as sand and comparing with the conventional mix.

Large range of curing period of 28 days are consider in

the present study design mix of M20 grade concrete

with replacement of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% quarry

dust organized as M1, M2, M3, and M4 respectively

have been consider for investigation. The compressive

strength (cube) and split tensile (cylinder) strength of

concrete were tested. The workability of concrete

increases with various percentage replacement of

quarry dust.

Keywords: Sand, quarry dust (QD), sieve analysis,

slum cone test,Compressive test

1. Introduction

Concrete is the necessary construction Material in a

building. The widely used composite material to

prepare concrete is natural sand, coarse aggregate and

binding material such as cement and water. Since we

have many construction works all over the world and

rapid increase in construction work and rapid increase

in price of the construction material. we have a large

demand in the natural resource of construction and

material demand also. There is a large scarce for river

sand all over the world as well as in India too. To solve

this problem, to reduces the making cost of the

concrete and to save the natural resource, we have to

choose an alternate material for the concrete materials.

So that we have choose some waste materials such as

quarry dust. That is crushed powder from rocks which

can be a replacement for fine aggregate. Which leads to

a cost reduction for making of concrete. Which can be

get easily from quarry waste, so that we can check the

workability and strength of the concrete. If it satisfies the

normal concrete quality and strength in we can use it as the

replacement for the fine aggregate[1-4].Continues research

efforts have established concrete as a versatile material,

concrete required for extensive construction activity can be

made available, since all the ingredients of concrete are of

geological origin. Concrete is an assemblage of cement,

aggregate and water. In the production of concrete,

granite/basalt stone and river sand are used as course and

fine aggregate, respectively although these materials are

usually available, at some places it is economical to

substitute these materials by locally available once. At the

same time increasing quantity of crushed stone dust is

available from crushers as waste. The disposal of this is a

serious environmental problem. If it is possible to use this

crushed stone dust in making concrete by partial

replacement of natural river sand, then this will not only

save the cost of construction but at the same time it will

solve the problem of disposal of this dust. On the other

hand, the advantages of utilization of byproducts or

aggregates obtained as waste materials are pronounced in

the aspects of reduction in environmental load & waste

management cost, reduction of production cost as well as

improving the quality of concrete. Quarry dust has been

used for different activities in the construction industry

such as road construction and manufacture of building

materials such as light weight aggregates, bricks, and tiles.

The use of quarry dust in concrete is desirable because of

its benefits such as useful disposal of byproducts, reduction

of river sand consumption as well as increasing the strength

parameters and increasing the workability of concrete (Jain

et. al., 1999). Attempts have been Concrete is an artificial

conglomerate stone made essentially of Portland cement,

water, fine and coarse aggregates.

2. Objective

❖ To study the workability of concrete using quarry dust.

❖ To study the properties of the quarry dust.

International Journal of Pure and Applied MathematicsVolume 116 No. 14 2017, 61-67ISSN: 1311-8080 (printed version); ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version)url: http://www.ijpam.euSpecial Issue ijpam.eu

61

❖ To study the compressive strength and tensile

strength of concrete with various percentage

replacement of quarry dust

3. Materials

3.1 Cement

Cement acts as a binding agent for materials. Cement is

the most expensive materials in concrete and it is

available in different forms. Depending upon the

chemical compositions, setting and pozzolana cement

and Ordinary Portland cement. In this report Ordinary

Portland cement (OPC) conforming to IS12269-2013 is

used for casting cubes and cylinder The properties of

cement that were studied are normal consistency,

fineness of cement and specific gravity and the test was

done as per IS 4301-988 (part5) . The Reports are in

table 1.

Table1. Physical Property Of Cement

SL.NO PROPERTY RESULT

1 FINENESS OF CEMENT 8.4%

2 SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF

CEMENT

3.0

3 NORMAL CONSISTENCY 33%

3.2 Fine Aggregate:

Fine aggregate used in this study is locally available

and confirmed to grading zone III as per IS 383-

1970.the aggregates whose size is less than 4.75mm.

Sand is generally considered to have a lower size limit

of about 0.07mm. The specific gravity of fine

aggregate was found out using pycnometer and sieve

analysis[15-17].

Table 2. Physical Property Of Fine Aggregate

SL.NO PROPERTY RESULT

1 SPECIFIC

GRAVITY OF

FINE

AGGREGATE

2.65

2 FINENESS

MODULUS

2.8

Figure 1. Specific Gravity Of Fine Aggregate

3.3 Coarse Aggregate:

The material whose particles are of size as retained on

4.75mm is sieve is termed as coarse aggregate. Coarse

aggregate shall consist of crushed or broken stones and be

hard, strong, dense, durable, clean or proper gradation.

Locally available coarse aggregate with maximum size of

20 mm and minimum size of 12.5mm were used in this

project report conforming to IS 383-1970. The properties of

coarse aggregates studied were impact value, los angel’s

abrasion test, devals abrasion test and specific gravity of

coarse aggregate[18].

Figure 2. Pycnometer

Figure 3. Impact Test

3.4 Water:

Water to be used in the concrete work should have

following properties: It should be free from adverse amount

of soils, acids, alkalis or other organic or inorganic

impurities. It should be free from iron, vegetable matter or

International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue

62

any other type of substances, which are likely to have

adverse effect on concrete or reinforcement. It should

be fit for drinking purposes potable water available in

the premises was used for mixing and curing of

concrete[19].

3.5 Quarry Dust:

Quarry Dust can be defined as residue, tailing or other

non-voluble waste material after the extraction and

processing of rocks to form fine particles less than 4.75

mm. This product can be used for asphalt, substitute

for sand, and filling around pipes. Quarry dust can be

an economic alternative to the river sand. It is a waste

obtained during quarrying process. It has very recently

gained good attention to be used as an effective filler

material instead of fine aggregate. In the present study,

the hardened and durable properties of concrete

using quarry dust were investigated.

Figure 4. Quarry Dust

Mix Proportion Per M3 Of Concrete

Table 3. Mix proportion

WAT

ER

CEME

NT

FINE

AGGREG

ATE

COARSE

AGGREG

ATE

186

litres

372

kg/m3

694.83 kg 1219.23 kg

0.50 1 1.8 3.2

Therefore mix proportion adopted is 1 : 1.8 : 3.2

Casting Cube

Figure 5. Concrete Mixing

Casting

Casting of cube and cylinder for compressive and split

tensile strength of concrete the moulds used are cube of

dimension 150mmx150mmx150mm and the cylinder

moulds 110mm diameter 300mm height conforming to

IS10086-1982

Figure 6. Cylinder

Figure 7. Cube

4. Test For Concrete

Test done for workability:

Slump Test:

The concrete slump test measures the consistency of fresh

concrete before it sets. It is performed to check the

workability of freshly made concrete, and therefore the ease

with which concrete flows. It can also be used as an

indicator of an improperly mixed batch. The test is popular

due to the simplicity of apparatus used and simple

procedure. The slump test is used to ensure uniformity for


63

different loads of concrete under field conditions.A

separate test, known as the flow table, or slump

test, is used for concrete that is too fluid (workable) to

be measured using the standard slump test, because the

concrete will not retain its shape when the cone is

removed.

Table 5. slump test value

Sl.no Mix ratio Slump value

1 0% 41

2 10% 44

3 20% 47

4 30% 49

Figure 8. Slump Test

Compaction Factor Test:

Compacting factor of fresh concrete is done to

determine the workability of fresh concrete by

compacting factor test. The apparatus used is

compacting factor apparatus. Procedure to determine

workability of fresh concrete by compacting factor test.

The ratio of the weight of partially compacted concrete

to the weight of the concrete when fully compacted in

the same mould. The compacting factor apparatus is

used to determine the compaction factor of concrete

with low, medium and high workability.

different loads of concrete under field conditions.A

separate test, known as the flow table, or slump-flow,

used for concrete that is too fluid (workable) to

be measured using the standard slump test, because the

concrete will not retain its shape when the cone is

Slump value

Compacting factor of fresh concrete is done to

determine the workability of fresh concrete by

compacting factor test. The apparatus used is

compacting factor apparatus. Procedure to determine

workability of fresh concrete by compacting factor test.

io of the weight of partially compacted concrete

to the weight of the concrete when fully compacted in

the same mould. The compacting factor apparatus is

used to determine the compaction factor of concrete

Figure 9. Compaction Factor

Compressive Strength Of Concrete Cube

Table 6. compressive strength of cube

SL.NO

MIX

RATIO

CUBES

COMPRESSIVE

STRENGTH

(N/MM

7

DAYS

1 0% 13.26

2 10% 13.82

3 20% 12.01

4 30% 11.26

Figure 10. Compressive Strength Bar Graph

Compaction Factor

Compressive Strength Of Concrete Cube

compressive strength of cube

CUBES

COMPRESSIVE

STRENGTH

(N/MM2)

DAYS

14

DAYS

28

DAYS

13.26 18.68 21.54

13.82 19.16 22.67

12.01 17.76 20.69

11.26 17.05 19.33

Compressive Strength Bar Graph


64

Figure 11. compressive strength

Split Tensile Strength of Concrete Cylinder

Table 7. Split Tensile Strength of Cylinder

SL.NO

MIX

RATIO

CYLINDERS

SPLIT TENSILE

STRENGTH

(N/MM2)

7

DAYS

14

DAYS

1 0% 2.312 2.080

2 10% 1.876 1.942

3 20% 1.529 1.664

4 30% 1.321 1.526

compressive strength

f Concrete Cylinder

f Cylinder

SPLIT TENSILE

STRENGTH

28

Days

2.829

2.021

1.986

1.751

Figure 12. Split Tensile Strength Graph

5. Conclusion

Based on the experimental investigation concerning

compressive strength and split tensile strength of concrete

with quarry dust as a partial replacement of fine aggregate,

the following conclusion can be drawn:

1. The compressive strength of concrete is i

use of quarry dust up to 10% replacement of sand. From

10% there is decrease in compressive strength

2. The split tensile strength concrete is increased by the use

of quarry dust up to 0% replacement of fine aggregate.

From 10% there is a decrease in split tensile strength.

3. The compressive strength increase mainly depends on

the percentage of quarry dust because of its high pozzolanic

nature.

4. The workability of the concrete increase as the

percentage of quarry dust is increased.

5. The optimum percentage of replacement of sand by

quarry dust is 10% for M20 grade of concrete.

6. The optimum replacement is not beneficial in case of

split tensile strength for replacement of quarry dust.

7. The replacement of fine aggregate with qua

more cost economical.



Reference

[1] Brindha G., Emerging trends of telemedicine in India,

Indian Journal of Science and Technology, v

pp-4572-4578, 2013.

[2] Vijayalatha S., Brindha G., Emerging employee

retention strategies in it industry, International Journal of

Pharmacy and Technology, v-8, i

2016.

[3] Karthik A., Brindha G., Green revolution conversion

of offline education to online education, International

Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, v

15407, 2016.

Split Tensile Strength Graph

5. Conclusion

Based on the experimental investigation concerning

compressive strength and split tensile strength of concrete

with quarry dust as a partial replacement of fine aggregate,

the following conclusion can be drawn:

1. The compressive strength of concrete is increased by the

use of quarry dust up to 10% replacement of sand. From

10% there is decrease in compressive strength

2. The split tensile strength concrete is increased by the use

of quarry dust up to 0% replacement of fine aggregate.

decrease in split tensile strength.

3. The compressive strength increase mainly depends on

the percentage of quarry dust because of its high pozzolanic



5. The optimum percentage of replacement of sand by

quarry dust is 10% for M20 grade of concrete.

6. The optimum replacement is not beneficial in case of

split tensile strength for replacement of quarry dust.

7. The replacement of fine aggregate with quarry dust is



Reference

Brindha G., Emerging trends of telemedicine in India,

Indian Journal of Science and Technology, v-6, i-SUPPL5,

Vijayalatha S., Brindha G., Emerging employee

retention strategies in it industry, International Journal of

8, i-2, pp-12207-12218,

Karthik A., Brindha G., Green revolution conversion

ne education to online education, International

Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, v-8, i-3, pp-15393-


65

[4] Padminii K., Venkatramaraju D., Brindha G., A

Study on Quality of Women Employees in Medical

Transcription, Journal of Health Management, v-18, i-

1, pp-13-20, 2016.

[5] Gunaraja T.M., Venkatramaraju D., Brindha G.,

Organizational climate-pharmaceutical professional,

International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, v-

7, i-2, pp-8924-8929, 2015.

[6] Padminii K., Brindha G., Venkatramaraju D.,

Quality work life â€“ In medical field, International

Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, v-7, i-1, pp-

8437-8446, 2015.

[7] Gopalakrishnan K., PremJeya Kumar M.,

SundeepAanand J., Udayakumar R., Analysis of static

and dynamic load on hydrostatic bearing with variable

viscosity and pressure, Indian Journal of Science and

Technology, v-6, i-SUPPL.6, pp-4783-4788, 2013.

[8] PremJeya Kumar M., Sandeep Anand J.,

Gopalakrishnan K., Satheesh B., Anbazhagan R.,

Computer modelling of a vehicle system, Indian

Journal of Science and Technology, v-6, i-SUPPL5,

pp-4620-4628, 2013.

[9] PremJeya Kumar M., Gopalakrishnan K.,

Srinivasan V., Anbazhagan R., SundeepAanan J., PC

modeling and simulation of car suspension system,

Indian Journal of Science and Technology, v-6, i-

SUPPL5, pp-4629-4632, 2013.

[10] Jeykar K., Srinivasan V., Performance

characteristics of twin cylinder Di diesel engine

operated with three different non edible vegetable oil

blends with diesel, International Journal of Applied

Engineering Research, v-9, i-22, pp-7601-7607, 2014.

[11] Srinivasan K., Gopikrishnan M., Analysis of a

reduced switch three phase BLDC drive, International

Journal of Applied Engineering Research, v-9, i-22,

pp-6633-6637, 2014.

[12] Venkatesan N., Srinivasan V., Fabrication and

mechanical properties of natural composite materials,

International Journal of Applied Engineering Research,

v-9, i-22, pp-7743-7748, 2014.

[13] Mustafa Kamal Basha M., Srinivasan V.,

Fabrication of AlSicMmc and analysis of its

mechanical properties, International Journal of Applied


[14] Selvam M.D., Srinivasan V., Sekar C.B., An

attempt to minimize lubricants in various metal cutting

processes, International Journal of Applied


[15] Valentina D.S., Ilayaraja K., Ambica A., Spatial

distribution of groundwater quality in Selaiyur village,

Chennai, India, Ecology, Environment and

Conservation, v-20, i-, pp-S173-S179, 2014.

[16] Ambica A., Tamizharasan V., Venkatraman K.,

Treatment of domestic waste water by electrochemical

method, International Journal of Applied Engineering

Research, v-9, i-22, pp-5537-5542, 2014.

[17] Gokul V., Ambica A., An experimental study on

high strength concrete with replacement of fine aggregate

using welding slag, International Journal of Applied


[18] Divyaa K., Venkatraman K., Design of flexible

pavement for an engineering college, International Journal

of Applied Engineering Research, v-9, i-22, pp-5576-5581,

2014.

[19] Venkatraman S., Sathish Kumar K., Effect of glass

powder on performance of concrete subjected to sulphate

attack, International Journal of Applied Engineering

Research, v-9, i-22, pp-5636-5659, 2014.

[20] Iyappan L., Maria Subashini L., Landuse change

detection in namakkal taluk using remote sensing,

International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, v-9,

i-22, pp-5699-5707, 2014.

[21] Ajona M., Maria Subashini L., Eco-friendly concrete

with rice husk ash, International Journal of Applied


[22] Rajesh, M., and J. M. Gnanasekar. "Path

observation-based physical routing protocol for

wireless ad hoc networks." International Journal of

Wireless and Mobile Computing 11.3 (2016): 244-257.


66

study of partial replacement of fine aggregate by u … · compacting factor of fresh concrete is...

Documents