Journal of Sciences, Islamic Republic of Iran 28(4): 349 - 358 (2017) http://jsciences.ut.ac.ir University of Tehran, ISSN 1016-1104

349

Study of Events and Phases in Robat-e Zengejeh Area (Southwestern Bardaskan)

M. Jamshidibadr*1, and N. S. Faramarzi2

1Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Payam Noor,Tehran, Islamic Republic of

Iran 2Department of Research and Development (R and D), Pars Kani Co. Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran

Received: 24 July 2016 / Revised: 1 October 2016 / Accepted: 5 February 2017

Abstract

Robat-e Zengejeh rocks affected by a variety of events began from Precambrian. This research studied preserved effects of the events. Regional metamorphism is the oldest event in this rocks include schist, amphibolite and orthogneiss, that reached up to amphibolite facies. After this regional metamorphism, it seems that mesocratic (624±5Ma) and hololeucocratic granitoides intruded respectively. Mesocratic and hololeucocratic granitoides deformed to granite-gneiss and gneiss along the northern main fault. Moreover, amphibolites show strong lineation along the faults, which as well as petrographic evidences point to the effects of dynamometamorphism in the area. Meatmorphism followed by low-grade regional metamorphism (low-greenschist facies) affected by granitoids of Robat-e Zengejeh. low-grade regional metamorphism, acted as a retrograde metamorphism for the paragenesis of the previous regional metamorphism. Finally, a sodic metasomatism affected Robat-e Zengejeh rocks which its mineralogical and geochemical evidences are significant. Keywords: Robat-e Zengejeh granitoides; Regional metamorphism; Dynamometamorphism; Sodic metasomatism.

* Corresponding author: Tel: +982645383686; Fax: +982645383244; Email: m_jamshidi@pnu.ac.ir

Introduction The geology of Iran is immensely complicated

because of the collision between the micro-continents and the overprinting of many metamorphic and tectonic events, the result of from different geological evidence will provide good knowledge on rocks history [1-7]. Therefore, in this study is foused on the magmatic, metamorphic and metasomatic events and phases in Robat-e Zengejeh area.

Robat-e Zengejeh granitoids mostly composed of granodiorite, monzogranite, syenogranite and granite, located in 85 km southwestern Bardaskan city and

Zebarkouh Mountains (57º 24ʹ- 57º 36ʹ E and 35 º 46ʹ 3ʺ- 35 º 50ʹ 6ʺ N; Fig. 1)[8]. These rocks are exposed in a NE-SW trend along the Naiband fault. The activity of Naiband fault deformed granitoids to mylonites and granite-gneiss. Robat-e Zengejeh granitoids intruded within metamorphic rocks that mainly are phyllite, mica schist, amphibolite, and gneiss. In some parts of the granitic intrusions (particularly in the rim), mineralogy and texture is different from the primary igneous rocks which is pointing to metasomatic effect in the area. Beside these, high-grade (amphibolites facies) and low-grade (low-greenschist facies) regional metamorphic phases are affected Robat- Zengejeh rocks as well as

Vol. 28 No.

dynamometaphases are deach phase history of the

In this regranitic samsections wametasomatismgranitoids samples analUniversity, T(5kg) collecZengejeh grzircon grainliquid (Bromaformentiondalong with aNBS 610 Trdown to 20 µ[Sahandi, unp

So far, feRobat-e Zengaffected by Precambrian

Fig

4 Autumn 20

amorphism [9distinguishablwill help to e studied area

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mples preparedas very imm evidencechemical colyzed using XTehran, Iran [cted from nranitoids) for ns were sepamoform) andd granitic roa zircon standrace Element µm. Zircon Upublished dat

Results aew studies havgejeh area [e.

many differ. According

ure 1. Location

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ls and Methomicroscopic th

d. Study of mmportant fores. For deomposition,

XRF and ICP-ATable 1]. One

northestern pzircon U-Pb d

arated using d magnetic pock. Zircons dard and a co

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and Discussive been doneg. 8,9]. Howrent geologic to obtaine

n of Robat- Zen

M. Jamshidi

aforementiocharacteristicg the geolog

ods in sections frmicroscopic tr detectionetermination 23 non-alte

AES at Kharaze granitic sampart of Robadating. Aboutstandard he

procedures frwere moun

ouple of chipsoxy and polisas done in Ch

ion e on the rocks

wever, these rocal events fred results,

ngejeh granitoid

badr, and N. S

350

oned c of gical

rom thin

of of

ered azmi mple at-e t 20

eavy rom nted s of shed hina

s of ocks rom this

res

Thin

foron reaRograof it meand Th

holHointchemoholgraare2a)conandSp

ds shown in sim

S. Faramarzi.

search studied

he PrecambriaRobat-e ZengRegional me

rmation of schpetrological

ached up to obat-e Zengejeade metamorpInfra-Cambrican be con

etamorphic evd belong to Pr

he granitic maIn studied loleucocratic

ololeucocratic ruded in meemical classiostly plot in grloleucocratic anite regions e granular, m), perthitic andnsist of quartzd biotite (cohene (especi

mplified 1:25000

d the sequence

an regional mgejeh tamorphism ihist, amphibol

evidences, tamphibolite

eh do not showphism and noan overlay th

ncluded that ent is older recambrian.

agmatism area, two ty

granitoidegranitoides

esocratic typeifications, thranodiorite angranitoides

[9]. The mainmicrogranular d mylonitic (Fz, albite, micrommonly in ially in met

00 Geological M

J.

e of the events

metamorphism

in the studiedlite and orthothe metamorpfacies. The w evidence ofon-metamorphhe metamorph

the relative than granitic

types of mees are dis are younes. Based on

he mesocraticnd monzogran

lie in syenn textures in tporphyritic,

Fig. 2b). The mrocline, perthi

mesocratic tasomatic roc

Map of Ferdous

Sci. I. R. Iran

s.

m of basement

d area led togneiss. Basedphism gradegranitoids off such a high-hic sedimentsic rocks [10],

age of thec magmatism

esocratic andistingushable.ger becausen modal andc granitoidesnite fields, butnogranite andthe granitoidsgraphic (Fig.main mineralsite, orthoclase

granitoides).cks), apatite,

s [8].

n

t

o d

f -s , e

m

d . e d s t d s . s e . ,

zircon and Robat-e Zenprocess caussericite, epidZengejeh grdiagram; Figbased on [microscopic by Chappell (Fig. 3d) the

Table 1. XRare same for

muscovite arngejeh granie to form somdote, calcite anitoids are p

g. 3a) and belo[12] diagramand geochemand White [1source of stu

RF (for Oxides) all pictures.

Study of

re the accessitoids. In thisme secondary

and clay mperaluminous

ong to calc-alkm; Fig. 3b).mical characte

3] (Fig. 3c) audied granitoid

and ICP-AES (

f Events and P

sory mineralss area, alteratminerals such

minerals. Robas (based on [kaline series (. According eristic introduand ACF diagrds is I-type. T

(for elements) a

Phases in Rob

351

s in tion h as at-e [11] (e.g.

to uced ram

They

ploand[e.grathethegracanaft

analysis results

bat-e Zengejeh

ot in volcanic d f) and belog. 15 and 16]anitoids intrudeir compositioe existence anitoids and an be concluder regional am

from the Roba

h Area …

arc granites ong to post c] (Figs. 4a anded in older reon tend to gra

regional mplite apophys

ded that granmphibolite fac

at- Zengejeh gra

(VAG) area [collision mag

nd b). the Robegional metamanodiorite in

metamorphic sis in metamornitic magmatcies metamorp

anitoieds. Prese

[14] (Figs. 3egmatism zonebat- Zengejeh

morphic rocks,their contact,xenoliths inrphic rocks, itism occurred

phism.

ented symbols

e e h , ,

n t d

Vol. 28 No.

U-Pb ZirconZircon not

Figure 3. A)Yb /Ta diagrdiagram; E aSymbol are p

4 Autumn 20

n dating t only is frequ

Figure 2. texture in

) ploting sampleram [12]; C) ploand F) The mospresented in Tab

017

uent as an inde

A) Graphic texgranitoides nex

es in peraluminoting samples ist samples are pble 1.

M. Jamshidi

ependent mine

xture in Robat-xt to fault zone

nous area in Shain I-type area inplot in volcanic

badr, and N. S

352

eral in als

- Zangijeh gran(XPL; sample F

and [11] diagran Na2O vs. K2Oc arc related gra

S. Faramarzi.

mesocratic gso as inclusion

nitoids (XPL; sF16 ).

am; B) ploting O diagram [13]anites Rb vs. Y

ranites of Rons in biotites (

ample N37); B

samples in Calc]; D) ploting sa

Y+Nb and Nb v

J.

obat-e Zengej(Fig. 5a). The

B) mylonitic

c-alkaline area amples in I-typevs. Y diagrams

Sci. I. R. Iran

eh area, bute existence of

in Yb /Ce vs. e area in ACF [14]. Sign of

n

t f

two 'paralleland 235U to 2

granites withdata] (Fig. 5the concordiage of zirconreflect the abehavior andbeen some dlower interceRobat-e ZengU–Pb age of age of the gintercept refcontemporanevent could b

Figure 4. A)(post-COLG)

Figure 5. A) sample F49);[Sahandi, unp

' uranium-lea207Pb) of zircohin the U–Pb b). In this apa and the discn crystallizatiage of the evd therefore thedisagreement ept ages; [17]gejeh mesocr

f 624±5 Ma (Ngranite crystalflect the age

neous with labe considered

) samples plote) and volcanic a

Zircon inclusi; B) Concordia published data]

Study of

ad decay routeons leads to dsystem [Sahaproach, the ucordia line reion, while thevent that led e lead loss (alregarding the). The analysiratic granites Neoproterozoillization. More of 151±14

ate Cimmeriand as a main fa

ed in Post-Orogarc related gran

ons (with distin and discordia .

f Events and P

es (238U to 20

dating mesocrandi, unpublisupper intercep

flect the origie lower interc

to open systlthough there e meaning of is of zircon frshow concordic) which refereover, the low4 Ma whichn Orogeny. Tactor causing

genic granites iites area in Rb/

nctive dark halodiagram show

Phases in Rob

353

06Pb ratic shed t of inal cept tem has the

rom dant er to wer

h is This

the

lowe mo

shograconage±1VoSagyouNeint

in Al2O3 vs. Si/Zr vs. SiO2 dia

os formed by rwing zircon U-P

bat-e Zengejeh

w grade (greenZengejeh r

orphism. Results obtaow that Lateanitoids and ntinental struce of the grano1 Ma) [22] o

olcano-Sedimeghand regionunger ages,

eoproterozoic-erpretation.

O2 diagram [15agram [16].

radioactive decaPb data from m

h Area …

nschist faciesrocks as we

ained from re Neoprotero

granitic gnectural zones oodiorites of noor dacite-porpentary Unit n (528±1 M all rocks

-Early Camb

5]; B) All samp

ay) in biotites omesocratic grani

s) metamorphiell as their

recent studieozoic to Eareisses are prof Iran. Althouortheastern Baphyries from t(CVSU) in

Ma) [19] dems are belo

brian and co

mples lie within

of mesocratic gites of Robat-

ism of Robat-dynamometa-

s [e.g.18-21]rly Cambrianresent in allugh the U-Pbardaskan (553the Cambrianthe southern

monstrate theong to theonfirm above

post-collision

granites, (PPL, Zengejeh area

--

] n l b 3 n n e e e

Vol. 28 No.

Dynamometagranite-gneis

Robat-e mylonitized northern majshow strong thin sectionstexture (Fig. wedge-shapeplagioclase (plagioclase tgranite-gneisamphiboles aresults of dyrocks.

The dyname Zengejeh (mylonitizatithe event:

A- It is deformation The observedeformation demonstrate high as 300-dynamometa

4 Autumn 20

amorphism iss)

Zengejeh granites an

or and minor lineation alo

s, presence o 6a), mylonit

ed twinning (Fig. 6b), bentwinning (espsses; Fig. 6calong the brecynamometamo

mometamorph granitoids

ion). The foll

clear that at lower tem

d ductile defoin feldspars omylonitizatio

-400 ºC whicamorphism [24

Figure 6. A)interfingeringplagioclase tbrecciated zon

017

(mylonitized

granitoids nd granite-gnfaults. Moreo

ong the faultsof single myrtic texture, irrand interfing

nding in biotitpecially in myc) as well cciated zones orphism in R

hism occurredis as high alowing eviden

quartz expmperatures thaformation in qof studied myon occurred ach is related t4](Fig. 6a).

Perthite texturg growth in pltwinning due tnes (XPL; samp

M. Jamshidi

granitoids a

deformed neiss along over amphibol. In microsco

rmekite, perthregular twinni

gering growthte cleavages ylonitized auas lineation (Fig. 6d) are

Robat-e Zenge

d in some Robas medium-grnce confirm t

eriences ducan feldspar [2quartz and brilonitic granito

at tempreturesto medium-gr

re in augen gnlagioclases of to stress (XPLple F63).

badr, and N. S

354

and

to the

lites opic hitic ing,

h in and

ugen in

the ejeh

bat-rade that

ctile 23]. ittle oids s as rade

linmenotdyn

depgraZeat m La

gregne(grme(amareof evirocregthaaftand

neiss (XPL; sambrecciated gra

L; sample N55

S. Faramarzi.

B- Myloniticear myloniti

edium-grade dt seen in cnamo-metamoC- Lack of ppth with the ade dynamomngejeh granimedium-grade

ate CimmerianRobat-e Zen

eenschist facieissic foliatioreenschist facetamorphism mphibolite facea, the Infra-CBahram Formidence. Sahancks of Zebar-Kgional metamoat the low-grer Carboniferd Schmidt [25

mple N27); B) nites (XPL; sa5); D) lineatio

c granitoids oc fabrics whdynamometamcataclastic ororphic rocks. pseudotachylirange of 5–10metamorphismtoids indicatine dynamometa

n low-grade rengejeh rockies (e.g. the on in some gcies) metamoon the prev

cies) metamorCambrian dol

mation (Devonndi et al. [10] Kouh (e.g. phorphism, thererade regionalrous. On the 5] confirmed t

Wedge-shapedample N19); Con in amphibo

J.

of Robat- Zewhich is charmorphism. Thr other low

ite (which for0 km and be

m) in deformng mylonitizaamorphism.

regional metamks metamorphformation of

granitoids). Torphism act avious regionarphic rocks. Ilomites and thnian) show recbelieve that C

hyllites) showefore it could l metamorphiother hand,

that the Jurass

d twinning and C) Bending of oles along the

Sci. I. R. Iran

engejeh showracteristic of

his fabric hastemperature

rm within thelong to high-med Robat-eation occurred

morphism hosed up to

f phyllite andhe low-gradeas retrogradeal high-gradeIn the studiedhe limestonescrystallizationCarboniferousw a low-grade

be concludedism occurredDavoudzadehsic sandstones

n

w f s e

e -e d

o d e e e d s n s e d d h s

and shales granitoids swhich couldoccurred a Cimmerian). interpretationSahandi (15Orogeny co(greenschist dynamometa Metasomatis

Evidencef

Figure 7. Ametasomatic metasomatismsample N39)area (XPL; sa

from northshow low-grad be indicatin

thermal eveBased on

n of the low1± 14 Ma; thould be resp

facies) mamorphism in

sm effects on for the presenc

A) Mylonitic tegranite (XPL;

m (XPL; samp); E) Neoform ample F16); F)

Study of

heastern Roade regional

ng such a meent in middln results

wer intercept his paper) theponsible for

metamorphism Robat-e Zeng

Robat-e Zengce of metasom

exture in granitsample N39); C

ple F49); D) Alalbite rim arouThe frequency

f Events and P

obat-e Zengel metamorphetamorphism e Jurassic (and our nage obtained

e late Cimmerthe low-gras well

gejeh rocks.

gejeh rocks matism are:

tes within the C) Chess-boardlbitization in aund K-feldsparsy of sphene in a

Phases in Rob

355

ejeh hism

has (late new

by rian rade

as

Zeprodis

memylikis can bea

fault zone. (Xd texture in plagalkali feldspars s in mylonitic

a mylonitic gran

bat-e Zengejeh

A- The existMylonitic tengejeh rocks,ocess and the stinguishable iB- The formSingle or

etasomatism inyrmekites in se. On the othecharacteristic active tecton

aring sample

XPL; sample Ngioclase indicatfrom studied m

granites indicanite (XPL; samp

h Area …

tence of mylonexture which, provide a comost evidencin mylonitic g

mation of singwart-like mn an active tetudied granitier hand, myrmfor those form

nic conditiones, evidence

39); B) Singleting interactionmylonitic and mting Na-metasople F49).

nitic texture: h is commonondition for mce of this metagranites (Fig. 7gle or wart-likmyrmekite foectonic conditic rocks are simekites are anrm due to metn. However, i

such as pre

e or wart-like n of shearing strmetasomatic gomatism in Rob

n in Robat-metasomatismasomatism are7a). ke myrmekite:orm due totion [26]. Allingle or wart-nhedral whichtasomatism inin myrmekiteeservation of

myrmekite in ress and sodic ranites (XPL; bat- Zengejeh

- m e

o l -h n e f

Vol. 28 No.

original textudecline their role of fluidformation (F

C- The plagioclase a

Chess-boarepeated cryshearing streOn the othealkali feldspobserved memylonitic and

D- The ofeldspars:

Neoform feldspars durfrequently semylonitic gra

E- SphenSphene su

scale K- and

Figure 8. A)B) DownwardemonstratinZengejeh are

4 Autumn 20

ure (e.g. pertir exsolution ods in metasomig. 7b). formation o

and alkali feldard texture ystallization ress and sodic er side, the alpars, which isetasomatic evid metasomatic

occurrence of

albite rim oring Na-metaeen around K-anites (Fig. 7ene's abundancuggests impo

d Na-metasom

) The crystallizard slope in K

ng the role of ea.

017

ite and granorigin but also

matism as we

of chess-boadspar albitizatiin plagioclasesult from thmetasomatism

lbitization of s one of the idences, is comc granites (Figneoform albit

occurs at theasomatism [19-feldspars in Re). e:

ortant implicamatism and mo

ation of two larK2O-Na2O diag

metasomatism

M. Jamshidi

ophyric) not oo demonstrateell as myrmek

ard texture ion: se form durhe interactionm [27] (Fig. 7f plagioclase

most frequenmmon in studg. 7d). te rim around

e borders of 9]. Such a rimRobat-e Zenge

ations for larobility of Ti [

rge albite minerram show an

m; D) Non-line

badr, and N. S

356

only the kite

in

ring n of 7c). and ntly died

d K-

K-m is ejeh

rge-[28-

33]conrocme

fin

mecryflu

of thoaredat

NaK2we[34

rals in fine-graincrease in N

ear trend in N

S. Faramarzi.

]. The frequntaining myrmcks of Robat-etasomatism pF- The crys

ne-grained groUsually, larg

etasomatic grystallization cauids cause met

G- PetrograpBased on micminerals, it i

ose granites we significantlyta confirm petH- GeochemSome geoche

a2O content inO-Na2O (Fig.

ell as non-line4] can be resu

ined groundmaNa versus K; C

a2O-SiO2 diagr

ency of sphemekite and its-e Zengejeh

process (Fig. 7stallization ofundmass of mge albite miranites of than be due to thtasomatism (Fphical evidenccroscopic studis clear albite

which show evy more than trological evid

mical evidenceemical eviden

n mylonitic gr. 8b) and Rb-ar trend in Na

ulted from Na

ass of myloniticC) Downward ram confirm N

J.

ene in mylons absence in i can be evid

7f). f large albite

mylonitic graninerals are rhe studied athe existence oFig. 8a). ces: dies and modae crystals in mevidences of m

K-feldspars. dence. es: nces such asranites, decreaSiO2 (Fig. 8ca2O-SiO2 (Figa-metasomatis

c granite (XPL;

slope in Rb-Na-metasomatis

Sci. I. R. Iran

nitic granitesintact graniticdence for the

e minerals innites: rare in non-area so theirof Na-bearing

al calculationmylonitic andmetasomatismGeochemical

s increase inasing trend in) diagrams as

g. 8d) diagramsm of Robat-e

sample F16); SiO2 diagram sm in Robat-

n

s c e

n

-r g

d m l

n n s

m e

Study of Events and Phases in Robat-e Zengejeh Area …

357

Zengejeh granites. Conclusion

Based on the new interpretation of U-Pb age data (this paper), the field observations as well as petrological and geochemical evidences, it’s possible to determine geological events occurred in Robat-e Zengejeh area. It seems that the amphibolite facies metamorphism occurred before 624±5 Ma. In 624±5 Ma ago, mesocratic granites intruded in older regional metamorphic rocks and shortly afterwards hololeucocratic granites intruded in mesocratic units. Both mesocratic and hololeucocratic granites show similar petrological and geochemical characteristics, it can be concluded that they are similar and derived from a same magmatic source. After Robat-e Zengejeh magmatism, a dynamometamorphism overprinted the rocks. Deformation of granites to mylonite and granite-gneiss with mineralogical evidences as well as the occurrence of strong lineation in amphibolites along the northern faults are consequences of this event. Based on petrographic studies, Robat-e Zengejeh dynamometamorphism estimated as high as medium-grade (mylonitization). Then Robat-e Zengejeh rocks metamorphed in greenschist facies (e.g. phyllite). According to field study, the second age obtained by U-Pb geochronology (151±14 Ma) and previous results, it can be concluded that the late Cimmerian orogeny could be responsible for the low-grade (greenschist facies) metamorphism as well as dynamometamorphism in Robat-e Zengejeh rocks. Finally, sodic metasomatism overprinted some parts of Robat-e Zengejeh granites.

Acknowledgments The authors would like to express their gratitude to

Mr. Sahandi for permission to present analysis of the dating in this paper.

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