Study and Analysis of the Infiniti G35

Navigation SystemPresented by

Swaroop Dinakar

Armin Hosseiny

Elayaraj Sivaraj

Introduction

Navigation systems used by millions around the world

Used as a part of an in-car navigation system, dedicated navigators, smart phones

Provide turn by turn instructions and efficient route calculation

Provide information on “Points of Interest”

Update traffic and roadwork information

Get rid of large and confusing maps

Men no longer have to forcedly stop to ask for directions

System Description

• Infiniti G35 Navigation System• Custom built and dedicated interface• 6” display ad manual button based

interface• Input system: button/key• Output system: visual and voice• Only dedicated navigation system• Preloaded maps on DVD drive, no

active network connection except GPS

Techniques for Analysis

Neilsen’s Usability Heuristics Information Theory

Usability Heuristics Visibility of the System:

Provides zoomed split screen and additive information display

Provides information on the screen without display clutter

Poor feedback- Relative motion of joystick to cursor

The descriptions on key do not convey actual function of the key

Match between the system and the real world:

Depicts road signs and highway numbers consistently

Maps accurately map the real world streets and locations to the right scale

Features that are expected to fall under the same group are separated- High process proximity but low display proximity

No QWERTY Input method

User Control and Freedom

Quick exit from all menus

Multiple methods to access similar settings can lead to confusion as to access paths to them

No Menu to submenu interface

Loss of affordance in knob motion

Consistency and Standards

Menu displays have consistent menu configuration

Size of buttons/keys irregular

Error Prevention

Appropriate dialogue boxes while cancelling tasks

Quick rerouting ability to guide through any missed directions

Recognition rather than recall

Well placed information assists and map indicators

Flexibility and efficiency of use

Need for expert knowledge attained by user through practice

Repetition of tasks through less understanding of system functions

Aesthetic and minimalistic design

Good aesthetic design

Excessive number of buttons

Help users recognize, diagnose, and recover from errors

Absence of error messages when address not identified by the system

Help and documentation

Lack of video tutorial to use system

No help or guidance menu, manual only source of information

The Not-So-Crazy Redesign Solution

Current Design

Replaceable/Re-allocatable Button Functionalities

• Back: Returns to the previous screen during set-up.

• Cancel: Cancels operations or the route guidance.

• Route: Displays the setting menu screen at the time of route calculation.

• Dest: for “Destination”, displays the “Set a Destination” menu.

• Map: Toggles between the intersection and the map during route guidance. Returns to the map screen from the settings screen.

Current Button Functions

Button Merging

• Back and Cancel• Never have distinct functions at the

same time• Similar to how phones operate, can

be merged

Redundancy

• Route and Destination• Navigation related functions• Not redundant but can cause

ambiguity• Single Button: Navigation

Similarity in Function

Renaming Buttons

• Map: Toggles between views

• Inaccurate Naming• Renaming it Toggle

ViewGulf of

Evaluation

Intuitive Input Method

Zoom Function

Analog Input Easier Use

Zoom

Two Button System

Digital Control

Intuitive Input Method

Analog based input method

“Enter” joystick on the console can afford twisting

Natural mapping

Twisting the joystick clockwise would zoom in on the map and twisting the joystick left would zoom out of the map

New Proposed System

Intuitive Inputs

Renaming Buttons

Button

Merging

Old System

New System

VOICE NAVTOGGL

EVIEW

INFOSETTIN

G

Evaluation of Both Systems -Information Theory

Method of Evaluation

Used a group of people

Interacted with both systems

Responded to given commands by choosing a button

Responses were recorded

Probabilities were calculated

Information Theory

Commands/Stimuli

Created based on functionality of previous layout to avoid losing information conveyed

12 buttons = 12 Stimuli

Expected button responses are shown belowSTIMULI BUTTON Voice Activation VoiceNavigation Settings RouteSettings SettingsVehicle Information InfoToggle View MapChoosing Address DestinationBrightness BrightnessCancel Operation CancelZoom In Zoom InZoom Out Zoom OutPrevious Screen BackAccept Decision Enter

Response Probabilities (Old System)Response

Stimulus Voice Route Settings Info Map Destination Brightness Cancel Zoom In Zoom Out Back Enter P(Si)

Voice Activation0.08

0.08

Navigation Settings0.04 0.04

0.08

Settings0.08

0.08

Vehicle Information0.08

0.08

Toggle View0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02

0.08

Choosing Address0.04 0.04

0.08

Brightness0.08

0.08

Cancel Operation0.08

0.08

Zoom In0.08

0.08

Zoom Out0.08

0.08

Return to Previous Screen0.08

0.08

Accept Action/Decision 0.08

0.08

P(Rj) 0.08 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.06 0.04 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 1.00

Response Probabilities (Old System) Areas of Confusion

Navigation Settings Route/Map

Toggle View Route/Settings/Info/Map

Choosing Address Route/Destination

Commands\Stimuli (New System)STIMULI BUTTON

Voice ActivationVoice

BrightnessBrightness

Choosing AddressNavigation

Navigation SettingsNavigation

Toggle ViewToggle View

Zoom InZoom/Enter

Zoom OutZoom/Enter

Accept DecisionZoom/Enter

Vehicle InformationInfo

SettingsSettings

Previous ScreenBack/Cancel

Cancel OperationBack/Cancel

Response Probabilities (New System) Response

Stimulus Voice Brightness Navigation Toggle/View Zoom/Enter Info Settings Back/Cancel P(Si)

Voice Activation0.13 0.13

Brightness0.13 0.13

Choosing Address 0.065 0.065 0.13

Navigation Settings

Toggle View0.13 0.13

Zoom In

0.13 0.13Zoom Out

Accept Action/Decision

Vehicle Information0.13 0.13

Settings0.13 0.13

Return to Previous Screen 0.13 0.13

Cancel Operation

P(Rj)0.13 0.13 0.065 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.195 0.13

1.00

Response Probabilities (New System) Areas of Confusion

Navigation Settings Navigation/Settings

New System

Old System

Choosing Address

Toggle View

Navigation Settings

Navigation Settings

Confusion Scale

Information ParametersOld System New System Difference

Hs 3.5632 3.0535 0.5097

Hr 3.5295 3.0044 0.5251

Hsr 3.8832 3.1759 0.7073

Ht 3.2095 2.8821 0.3274

H-Loss 0.35 0.17 0.18

Noise 0.32 0.12 0.20

Final Comparison Clear reduction in incorrect responses

Fewer number of buttons

Reduction in H-loss and Noise

Old System New System0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

0.4

H-LossNoise

Interacting with the New and Improved

System

NAVIGATION

ROUTE

DESTINATION

DESTINAION

PREVIOUS DESTINATION

STREET ADDRESS

POINTS OF INTEREST

ADDRESS BOOK

NAVIGATION

ALT ROUTE

START ROUTE

NAVIGATION

ROUTE

DESTINATION

ROUTE

EDIT ROUTE

CANCEL ROUTE

ROUTE INFORMATION

ROUTE PRIORITY

ROUTE INFO

NAVIGATION

ROUTE

DESTINATION

NAVIGATION

ROUTE

DESTINATION

DESTINAION

PREVIOUS DESTINATION

STREET ADDRESS

POINTS OF INTEREST

ADDRESS BOOK

Activate/Deactivate voice

Day/Night Switch

Toggle View

INFO

MY LOCATION

VEHICLE INFO

HELP

ABOUT

INFO Menu

Zoom and Pan Control

Back/Cancel

SETTING

VOLUME AND BEEPS

DISPLAY

JOYSTICK

NAVIGATION

Setting Menu

Sky Is The Limit- Leap Motion + Voice Control

3D spatial gesture recognition

Uses LED emitters projecting Infrared rays which are picked up by Infrared Cameras

Has a range of 1 meter

Specific task allotment to gesture + voice input

Voice and Auditory feedback

Wireless Cellphone Synchronization

Multimedia Integration

Leap Motion Interface

• First they aim for the destination

• If they want to zoom in or zoom out

• Then they select the destination and start driving

• While driving, if they want to hover the map

• And if they want to see toggle view

Why leap motion is awesome

Reduced visual workload and distractions

Button-less interaction

Reduced reaction and response time

User friendly

Motions are naturally mapped

Voice commands are consistent with general usage

Learnability and Understandability are high

Reduced system interaction time

High Satisfaction

Conclusion

New System BETTER

Questions?