[studies in computational intelligence] computational mind: a complex dynamics perspective volume 60...
TRANSCRIPT
References
AA68. Arnold, V.I., Avez, A.: Ergodic Problems of Classical Mechanics. Ben-jamin, New York, (1968)
AA80. Aubry, S., re, G.: Colloquium on Computational Methods in TheoreticalPhysics. In Group Theoretical Methods in Physics, Horowitz, Ne’eman(ed.), Ann. Israel Phys. Soc. 3, 133–164, (1980)
Aba96. Abarbanel, H.D.I.: Analysis of Observed Chaotic Data, Springer, NewYork, (1996)
ABB04. Anderson, J.R., Bothell, D., Byrne, M. D., Douglass, S., Lebiere, C.,Qin, Y.: An integrated theory of the mind. Psychological Review, 111(4),1036–1060, (2004)
Abd06. Abdi, H.: Signal detection theory. In N.J. Salkind (ed.): Encyclopedia ofMeasurement, Statistics. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA, (2006)
Abd88. Abdi, H.: A generalized approach for connectionist auto-associativememories: interpretation, implications, illustration for face processing,J. Demongeot (ed.) Artificial Intelligence, Cognitive Sciences. Man-chester: Manchester Univ. Press, 149–165, (1988)
ABL00. Arhem, P., Blomberg, C., Liljenstrom, H. (ed.): Disorder versus Order inBrain Function. Progress in Neural Processing 12, World Sci. Singapore,(2000)
ABR85. Anderson, J.R., Boyle, C.B., Reiser, B.J.: Intelligent tutoring systems.Science, 228, 456–462, (1985)
ABS00. Acebron, J.A., Bonilla, L.L., Spigler, R.: Synchronization in populationsof globally coupled oscillators with inertial effects. Phys. Rev. E 62, 3437–3454, (2000)
Ach97. Acheson, D.: From Calculus to Chaos. Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, (1997)AGR82. Aspect, A., Grangier, P., Roger, G.: Experimental realization of Einstein-
Podolsky-Rosen-Bohm Gedankenexperiment: a new violation of Bell’sinequalities. Phys. Rev. Lett., 48, 91–94, (1982)
AHP00. Atkeson, C.G., Hale J., Pollick F., Riley M., Kotosaka S., Schaal S.,Shibata T., Tevatia G., Vijayakumar S., Ude A., Kawato M.: Usinghumanoid robots to study human behavior. IEEE Intelligent Systems:Special Issue on Humanoid Robotics, 15, 46–56, (2000)
AL91. Aidman, E.V., Leontiev, D.A.: From being motivated to motivating one-self: a Vygotskian perspective. Stud. Sov. Thought, 42, 137–151, (1991)
640 References
ALL91. Amsel, E., Langer, R., Loutzenhiser, L.: Do lawyers reason differentlyfrom psychologists? A comparative design for studying expertise. InR.J. Sternberg, P.A. Frensch (eds.), Complex problem solving: Principles,mechanisms (223–250) Hillsdale, NJ: Lawr. Erl. Assoc., (1991)
Alt95. Altrock, C.V.: Fuzzy logic, NeuroFuzzy applications explained. PrenticeHall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J. (1995)
AM78. Abraham, R., Marsden, J.E.: Foundations of Mechanics (2nd ed.)Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, (1978)
Ama77. Amari, S.: Dynamics of pattern formation in lateral-inhibition type neuralfields. Biological Cybernetics, 27, 77–87, (1977)
AMV00. Alfinito, E., Manka, R., Vitiello, G.: Vacuum structure for expandinggeometry. Class. Quant. Grav. 17, 93, (2000)
AN99. Aoyagi, T., Nomura, M.: Oscillator Neural Network Retrieving SparselyCoded Phase Patterns. Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 1062–1065, (1999)
And01. Andrecut, M.: Biomorphs, program for MathcadTM , Mathcad Applica-tion Files, Mathsoft, (2001)
And64. Anderson, P.W.: Lectures on the Many Body Problem. E.R. Caianiello(ed.), Academic Press, New York, (1964)
And80. Anderson, J.R.: Cognitive psychology and its implications. San Francisco,Freeman, (1980)
And83. Anderson, J.R.: The Architecture of Cognition. Cambridge, HarvardUniv. Press, MA, (1983)
And84. Anderson, T.W.: An Introduction to Multivariate Statistical Analysis(2nd ed.). Wiley, New York, (1984)
And90. Anderson, J.R.: The Adaptive Character of Thought. Hillsdale andErlbaum, NJ, (1990)
Ang92. Angluin, D.: Computational learning theory: Survey and selected bibli-ography. In Proc. 24 Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing,351–369, (1992)
APS98. American Psychological Association: Task force report. Gottfredson,(1998)
Arb98. Arbib, M. (ed.): Handbook of Brain Theory and Neural Networks (2nded.) MIT Press, Cambridge, (1998)
Arn78. Arnold, V.I.: Ordinary Differential Equations. MIT Press, Cambridge,MA, (1978)
Arn88. Arnold, V.I.: Geometrical Methods in the Theory of Ordinary differentialequations. Springer, New York, (1988)
Arn89. Arnold, V.I.: Mathematical Methods of Classical Mechanics (2nd ed.).Springer, New York, (1989)
Arn92. Arnold, V.I.: Catastrophe Theory. Springer, Berlin, (1992)Arn93. Arnold, V.I.: Dynamical systems. Encyclopaedia of Mathematical Sci-
ences, Springer, Berlin, (1993)Arr63. Arrow, K.J.: Social choice and individual values. Wiley, New York, (1963)ARV02. Alfinito, E., Romei, O., Vitiello, G.: On topological defect formation in
the process of symmetry breaking phase transitions. Mod. Phys. Lett. B16, 93, (2002)
AS02. Aguirre, J., Sanjuan, M.A.F.: Unpredictable behavior in the Duffingoscillator: Wada basins. Physica D 171, 41, (2002)
AS72. Abramowitz, M., Stegun, I.A.: Handbook of Mathematical Functions.Dover, New York, (1972)
References 641
AS79. Anzai, K., Simon, H.A.: The theory of learning by doing. Psych. Rev.,86, 124–140, (1979)
Ash56. Ashby, W.R.: Introduction to Cybernetics. Methuen, London, UK, (1956)Ash94. Ashcraft, M.H.: Human Memory and Cognition (2nd ed.) HarperCollins,
New York, (1994)AV00. Alfinito, E., Vitiello, G.: Formation and life–time of memory domains
in the dissipative quantum model of brain. Int. J. Mod. Phys. B, 14,853–868, (2000)
Ave99. Averin, D.V.: Solid-state qubits under control. Nature 398, 748–749,(1999)
Bac96. Back, T.: Evolutionary Algorithms in Theory and Practice: Evolu-tion Strategies, Evolutionary Programming, Genetic Algorithms, OxfordUniv. Press, (1996)
Bae91. Baesens, C.: Slow sweep through a period-doubling cascade: delayed bi-furcations and renormalisation. Physica D 53, 319, (1991)
Bai89. Bai-Iin, H.: Elentary Symbolic Dynamics and Chaos in Dissipative Sys-tems. World Scientific, Singapore, (1989)
Bal06. Balakrishnan, J.: A geometric framework for phase synchronization incoupled noisy nonlinear systems. Phys. Rev. E 73, 036206–036217, (2006)
Bal06. Balzac, F.: Exploring the Brain’s Role in Creativity. NeuroPsychiatryReviews 7(1), 19–20, (2006)
BB95. Berry, D.C., Broadbent, D.E.: Implicit learning in the control of complexsystems: A reconsideration of some of the earlier claims. In P.A. Frensch,J. Funke (eds.), Complex problem solving: The European Perspective(131–150) Hillsdale, NJ: Lawr. Erl. Assoc., (1995)
BBS91. Bryson, M., Bereiter, C., Scardamalia, M., Joram, E.: Going beyondthe problem as given: Problem solving in expert and novice writers. InR.J. Sternberg, P.A. Frensch (eds.), Complex problem solving: Principles,mechanisms (61–84) Hillsdale, NJ: Lawr. Erl. Assoc., (1991)
BCB92. Borelli, R.L., Coleman, C., Boyce, W.E.: Differential Equations - Labo-ratory Workbook. Wiley, New York, (1992)
BCF02. Boffetta, G., Cencini, M., Falcioni, M., Vulpiani, A.: Predictability: a Wayto Characterize Complexity. Phys. Rep., 356, 367–474, (2002)
BD02. Busemeyer, J.R., Diederich, A.: Survey of decision field theory. Math.Soc. Sci., 43, 345–370, (2002)
BDG93. Bielawski, S., Derozier, D., Glorieux, P.: Experimental characterizationof unstable periodic orbits by controlling chaos. Phys. Rev. A, 47, 2492,(1993)
Bea95. Bear, M.F. et al. eds.: Neuroscience: Exploring The Brain. Williams andWilkins, Baltimore, (1995)
Bel64. Bell, J.S: On the Einstein Podolsky Rosen Paradox. Physics 1, 195, (1964)Bel66. Bell, J.S: On the problem of hidden variables in quantum mechanics. Rev.
Mod. Phys. 38, 447, (1966)Bel87. Bell, J.S: Speakable and Unspeakable in Quantum Mechanics. Cambridge
Univ. Press, Cambridge, (1987)Ben84. Benettin, G.: Power law behaviour of Lyapunov exponents in some con-
servative dynamical systems. Physica D 13, 211–213, (1984)Ben95. Benz, S.P.: Superconductor-normal-superconductor junctions for pro-
grammable voltage standards. Appl. Phys. Lett. 67, 2714–2716, (1995)
642 References
Ber35. Bernstein, N.A.: Investigations in Biodynamics of Locomotion (inRussian). WIEM, Moscow, (1935)
Ber47. Bernstein, N.A.: On the structure of motion (in Russian). Medgiz,Moscow, (1947)
Bey01. Beyer, H-G.: The Theory of Evolution Strategies. Springer, Berlin, (2001)BF71. Bransford, J.D., Franks, J.J.: The Abstraction of Linguistic Ideas. Cogn.
Psych., 2, 331–350, (1971)BFM97. Back, T., Fogel, D., Michalewicz, Z.: Handbook of Evolutionary Compu-
tation. Oxford Univ. Press, (1997)BG02. Berglund, N., Gentz, B.: On the noise-induced passage through an unsta-
ble periodic orbit with additive noise. Probab. Theory Relat. Fields 122,341, (2002)
BG79. Barrow-Green, J.: Poincare and the Three Body Problem. AmericanMathematical Society, Providence, RI, (1997)
BG96. Baker, G.L., Gollub, J.P.: Chaotic Dynamics: An Introduction (2nd ed.)Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, (1996)
BGG80. Benettin, G., Giorgilli, A., Galgani, L., Strelcyn, J.M.: Lyapunov ex-ponents for smooth dynamical systems and for Hamiltonian systems; amethod for computing all of them. Part 1: theory, Part 2: numerical ap-plications. Meccanica, 15, 9–20, 21–30, (1980)
BGL00. Boccaletti, S., Grebogi, C., Lai, Y.-C., Mancini, H., Maza, D.: The Con-trol of Chaos: Theory and Applications. Physics Reports 329, 103–197,(2000)
BGS76. Benettin, G., Galgani, L., Strelcyn, J.M.: Kolmogorov Entropy andNumerical Experiments. Phys. Rev. A 14, 2338, (1976)
BH93. Bohm, D., Hiley, B.: The Undivided Universe. Routledge, London, (1993)BHB95. Bell, I.R., Hardin, E.E., Baldwin, C.M., Schwartz, G.E.: Increased limbic
system symptomatology, sensitizability of young adults with chemical,noise sensitivities. Environmental Research. 70, 84–97, (1995)
Bil65. Billingsley, P.: Ergodic theory and information, Wiley, New York, (1965)Blo80. Bloom, B.S.: All Our Children Learning. McGraw-Hill, New York, (1980)BLV01. Boffetta, G., Lacorata, G., Vulpiani, A.: Introduction to chaos and diffu-
sion. Chaos in geophysical flows, ISSAOS, (2001)BN01. Bastian J., Nguyenkim J.: Dendritic Modulation of Burst-Like Firing in
Sensory Neurons. J. Neurophysiol. 85, 10–22, (2001)BNO03. Breban, R., Nusse, H.E., Ott, E.: Scaling properties of saddle–node bi-
furcations on fractal basin boundaries. Phys. Rev. E 68(6), 066213.1–066213.16, (2003)
Bob92. Bobbert, P.A.: Simulation of vortex motion in underdamped two-dimensional arrays of Josephson junctions. Phys. Rev. B 45, 7540–7543,(1992)
Bod04. Boden, M.A.: The Creative Mind: Myths and Mechanisms. Routledge,London, (2004)
BOF01. Burdet, E., Osu, R., Franklin, D., Milner, T., Kawato, M.: The cen-tral nervous system stabilizes unstable dynamics by learning optimal im-pedance. Nature, 414, 446–449, (2001)
Boh92. Bohm, D.: Thought as a System. Routledge, London, (1992)Bon73. De Bono, E.: Lateral Thinking: Creativity Step by Step. Harper, Row,
(1973)
References 643
BP02. Barahona, M., Pecora, L.M.: Synchronization in Small-World Systems.Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 054101–054105, (2002)
BP82. Barone, A., Paterno, G.: Physics and Applications of the Josephson Ef-fect. Wiley, New York, (1982)
BP92. Benvenuto, N., Piazza, F.: On the complex backpropagation algorithm.IEEE Trans. Sig. Proc., 40(4), 967–969, (1992)
BP97. Badii, R. Politi, A: Complexity: Hierarchical Structures and Scaling inPhysics, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, (1997)
BPS70. Baum, L.E., Petrie, T., Soules, G., Weiss, N.: A maximization techniqueoccurring in the statistical analysis of probabilistic functions of Markovchains. Ann. Math. Statist., 41(1), 164–171, (1970)
BPS75. Belavin, A.A., Polyakov, A.M., Swartz, A.S., Tyupkin, Yu.S.: SU(2)instantpons discovered. Phys. Lett. B 59, 85, (1975)
BPV03. Batista, A.M., de Pinto, S.E., Viana, R.L., Lopes, S.R.: Mode locking insmall-world networks of coupled circle maps. Physica A 322, 118, (2003)
Bra01. Branke, J.: Evolutionary Optimization in Dynamic Environments.Kluwer, Dordrecht, (2001)
Bro77. Broadbent, D.E.: Levels, hierarchies and the locus of control. QuarterlyJ. Exper. Psychology, 29, 181–201, (1977)
Bro86. Brooks, R.A.: A robust layered control system for a mobile robot. IEEETrans. Rob. Aut. 2(1), 14–23, (1986)
BS01. Baader, F., Snyder, W.: Unification Theory. In J.A. Robinson andA. Voronkov (ed.) Handbook of Automated Reasoning, Vol. 1, 447–533.Elsevier, (2001)
BS02. Beyer, H-G., Schwefel, H-P.: Evolution Strategies: A Comprehensive In-troduction. J. Nat. Comp. 1(1), 3–52, (2002)
BS77. Bhaskar, R., Simon, H.A.: Problem solving in semantically rich domains:An example from engineering thermodynamics. Cog. Sci. 1, 193–215,(1977)
BS93. Beck, C., Schlogl, F.: Thermodynamics of chaotic systems. CambridgeUniv. Press, Cambridge, (1993)
BSM97. Breitenbach, G., Schiller, S., Mlynek, J.: Measurement of the quantumstates of squeezed light. Nature, 387, 471–475 (1997)
BT93. Busemeyer, J.R., Townsend, J.T.: Decision field theory: A dynamic–cognitive approach to decision making in an uncertain environment.Psych. Rev., 100, 432–459, (1993)
Buc95. Buchner, A.: Theories of complex problem solving. In P. A. Frensch,J. Funke (eds.) Complex problem solving: The European Perspective (27–63) Hillsdale, NJ: Lawr. Erl. Assoc., (1995)
BY00. Bar-Yam, Y. (ed.): Unifying Themes in Complex Systems: Proc. Int.Conf. Complex Sys. Perseus Press, (2000)
BY04. Bar-Yam, Y.: Unifying Principles in Complex Systems. In ConvergingTechnology (NBIC) for Improving Human Performance, M.C. Roco andW.S. Bainbridge (eds.), (2004)
BY97. Bar-Yam, Y.: Dynamics of Complex Systems. Perseus Books, Reading,Mas, (1997)
CA97. Chen, L., Aihara, K.: Chaos, asymptotical stability in discrete-time neuralnetworks, Physica D 104, 286–325, (1997)
644 References
CAM05. Cvitanovic, P., Artuso, R., Mainieri, R., Tanner, G., Vattay, G.: Chaos:Classical and Quantum. ChaosBook.org, Niels Bohr Institute, Copen-hagen, (2005)
Cas92. Cassidy, D.: Uncertainty: The Life and Science of Werner Heisenberg.Freeman, New York, (1992)
CC95. Christini, D.J., Collins, J.J.: Controlling Nonchaotic Neuronal NoiseUsing Chaos Control Techniques. Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 2782–2785, (1995)
CCW03. Cohen, J., Cohen P., West, S.G., Aiken, L.S.: Applied multiple regres-sion/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences. (2nd ed.) Lawr. Erl.Assoc. Hillsdale, NJ, (2003)
CD98. Chen, G., Dong, X.: From Chaos to Order. Methodologies, Perspectives,Application. World Scientific, Singapore, (1998)
CE91. Cvitanovic, P., Eckhardt, B.: Periodic orbit expansions for classicalsmooth flows. J. Phys. A 24, L237, (1991)
CFG81. Chi, M.T.H., Feltovich, P.J., Glaser, R.: Categorization and representa-tion of physics problems by experts and novices. Cog. Sci. 5, 121–152,(1981)
CFP91. Crisanti, A., Falcioni, M., Paladin, G., Vulpiani, A.: Lagrangian Chaos:Transport, Mixing, Diffusion in Fluids. Riv. Nuovo Cim. 14, 1, (1991)
CFP94. Crisanti, A., Falcioni, M., Paladin, G., Vulpiani, A.: Stochastic Resonancein Deterministic Chaotic Systems. J. Phys. A 27, L597, (1994)
CFR79. Clark, R.A., Ferziger, J.H., Reynolds, W.C.: Evaluation of Subgrid-ScaleTurbulence Models Using an Accurately Simulated Turbulent Flow. J.Fluid. Mech. 91, 1–16, (1979)
CG03. Carpenter, G.A., Grossberg, S.: Adaptive Resonance Theory. In M.A.Arbib (ed.) The Handbook of Brain Theory, Neural Networks, SecondEdition, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 87–90, (2003)
CG83. Cohen, M.A., Grossberg, S.: Absolute stability of global pattern for-mation, parallel memory storage by competitive neural networks. IEEETrans. Syst., Man, Cybern., 13(5), 815–826, (1983)
CG90. Connors, B.W., Gutnick, M.J.: Intrinsic firing patterns of diverse neocor-tical neurons. Trends in Neuroscience, 13, 99–104, (1990)
CGP88. Cvitanovic, P., Gunaratne, G., Procaccia, I.: Topological, metric proper-ties of Henon-type strange attractors. Phys. Rev. A 38, 1503–1520, (1988)
CH94. The CHAOS Report, The Standish Group, (1994)Cha48. Chandra, H.: Relativistic Equations for Elementary Particles. Proc. Roy.
Soc. London A, 192(1029), 195–218, (1948)Cha97. Chalmers, D.: The Conscious Mind. Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, (1997)Chi79. Chirikov, B.V.: A universal instability of many-dimensional oscillator sys-
tems. Phys. Rep. 52, 264–379, (1979)CJP93. Crisanti, A, Jensen, M.H., Paladin, G., Vulpiani, A.: Intermittency, Pre-
dictability in Turbulence. Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 166, (1993)CK97. Cutler, C.D., Kaplan, D.T.: (eds.): Nonlinear Dynamics and Time Series.
Fields Inst. Comm. 11, American Mathematical Society, (1997)CKP02. Cho, J.-H., Ko, M.-S., Park, Y.-J., Kim, C.-M.: Experimental observation
of the characteristic relations of type-I intermittency in the presence ofnoise. Phys. Rev. E 65, 036222, (2002)
CL71. Cooley, W.W. Lohnes, P.R.: Multivariate Data Analysis. Wiley, NewYork, (1971)
References 645
CL72. Craik, F., Lockhart, R.: Levels of processing: A framework for memoryresearch. J. Verb. Learn. Verb. Behav., 11, 671–684, (1972)
CL81. Caldeira, A.O., Leggett, A.J.: Influence of Dissipation on Quantum Tun-neling in Macroscopic Systems. Phys. Rev. Lett. 46, 211, (1981)
CL84. Cheng, T.-P., Li, L.-F.: Gauge Theory of Elementary Particle Physics.Clarendon Press, Oxford, (1984)
Cla02a. Claussen, J.C.: Generalized Winner Relaxing Kohonen Feature Maps.arXiv cond–mat/0208414, (2002)
Cla02b. Claussen, J.C.: Floquet Stability Analysis of Ott-Grebogi-Yorke, Differ-ence Control. arXiv:nlin.CD/0204060, (2002)
CMP98a. Claussen, J.C., Mausbach, T., Piel, A. Schuster, H.G.: Improved dif-ference control of unknown unstable fixed–points: Drifting parameterconditions, delayed measurement. Phys. Rev. E, 58(6), 7256–7260, (1998)
CMP98b. Claussen, J.C., Mausbach, T., Piel, A. Schuster, H.G.: Memory differencecontrol of unknown unstable fixed–points: Drifting parameter conditions,delayed measurement. Phys. Rev. E 58(6), 7260–7273, (1998)
Cob83. Cobb, W.A.: Recommendations for the practice of clinical neurophysiol-ogy. Elsevier, Amsterdam, (1983)
Cox92. Cox, E.: Fuzzy Fundamentals. IEEE Spectrum, 58–61, (1992)Cox94. Cox, E.: The Fuzzy Systems Handbook. AP Professional, (1994)CQ69. Collins, A.M., Quillian, M.R.: Retrieval Time From Semantic Memory,
J. Verb. Learn., Verb. Behav., 8, 240–248, (1969)CRV92. Celeghini, E., Rasetti, M., Vitiello, G.: Quantum Dissipation. Annals
Phys., 215, 156, (1992)CS00. Cristianini, N., Shawe-Taylor, J.: Support Vector Machines. Cambridge
Univ. Press, Cambridge, (2000)CS73. Chase, W.G., Simon, H.A.: Perception in chess. Cog. Psych. 4, 55–81,
(1973)CS83. Coppersmith, S.N., Fisher, D.S.: Pinning transition of the discrete sine-
Gordon equation. Phys. Rev. B 28, 2566–2581, (1983)CS94. Coolen, A.C.C., Sherrington, D.: Order-parameter flow in the fully con-
nected Hopfield model near saturation. Phys. Rev. E 49 1921–934;Erratum: Order-parameter flow in the fully connected Hopfield modelnear saturation, 5906, (1994)
CS95. Chernikov, A.A., Schmidt, G.: Conditions for synchronization inJosephson-junction arrays. Phys. Rev. E 52, 3415–3419, (1995)
CS98. Claussen, J.C., Schuster, H.G.: Stability borders of delayed measurementfrom time–discrete systems. arXiv nlin. CD/0204031, (1998)
Cvi00. Cvitanovic, P.: Chaotic field theory: a sketch. Physica A 288, 61–80,(2000)
Cvi91. Cvitanovic, P.: Periodic orbits as the skeleton of classical and quantumchaos. Physica, D 51, 138, (1991)
Dor75. Dorner, D.: Wie Menschen eine Welt verbessern wollten [How peoplewanted to improve the world]. Bild der Wissenschaft, 12, 48–53, (1975)
Das99. Dasgupta, D. (ed.): Artificial Immune Systems and Their Applications.Springer-Verlag, Berlin, (1999)
DBL02. Dafilis, M.P., Bourke, P.D., Liley, D.T.J., Cadusch, P.J.: VisualisingChaos in a Model of Brain Electrical Activity. Comp. Graph. 26(6), 971–976, (2002)
646 References
DBO01. DeShazer, D.J., Breban, R., Ott, E., Roy, R.: Detecting Phase Synchro-nization in a Chaotic Laser Array. Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 044101–044105,(2001)
DCM03. Doiron, B., Chacron, M.J., Maler, L., Longtin, A., Bastian, J.: Inhibitoryfeedback required for network oscillatory responses to communication butnot prey stimuli. Nature, 421, 539–543, (2003)
DDT03. Daniels, B.C., Dissanayake, S.T.M., Trees, B.R.: Synchronization ofcoupled rotators: Josephson junction ladders and the locally coupledKuramoto model. Phys. Rev. E 67, 026216–026230, (2003)
Des91. Descartes, R.: Discourse on Method and Meditations on First Philosophy(tr. by D.A. Cress) Cambridge, (1991)
DF85. Deutsch, D.: Quantum theory, the Church-Turing principle and the uni-versal quantum computer. Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), A 400, 97–117,(1985); also, Feynman R.P., Quantum mechanical Computers, Found. ofPhys., 16(6), 507–31, (1985)
Deu92. Deutsch, D., Jozsa, R.: Rapid solution of problems by quantum compu-tation. Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), A 439, 553–8, (1992)
DGY97. Ding, M., Grebogi, C., Yorke, J.A.: Chaotic dynamics. In The Impact ofChaos on Science and Society. C. Grebogi, J.A. Yorke (eds.), 1–17, UnitedNations Univ. Press, Tokyo, (1997)
DH85. Douady, A., Hubbard, J.H.: On the dynamics of polynomial-like map-pings. Ann. Sci. Ec. Norm. Sup. (Paris) 18, 287–343, (1985)
DHS91. Domany, E., van Hemmen, J.L., Schulten, K. (eds.): Models of NeuralNetworks. Springer, Berlin, (1991)
Dir25. Dirac, P.A.M.: The Fundamental Equations of Quantum Mechanics. Proc.Roy. Soc. London A, 109(752), 642–653, (1925)
Dir26a. Dirac, P.A.M.: Quantum Mechanics, a Preliminary Investigation of theHydrogen Atom. Proc. Roy. Soc. London A, 110(755), 561–579, (1926)
Dir26b. Dirac, P.A.M.: The Elimination of the Nodes in Quantum Mechanics.Proc. Roy. Soc. London A, 111(757), 281–305, (1926)
Dir26c. Dirac, P.A.M.: Relativity Quantum Mechanics with an Application toCompton Scattering. Proc. Roy. Soc. London A, 111(758), 281–305,(1926)
Dir26d. Dirac, P.A.M.: On the Theory of Quantum Mechanics. Proc. Roy. Soc.London A, 112(762), 661–677, (1926)
Dir26e. Dirac, P.A.M.: The Physical Interpretation of the Quantum Dynamics.Proc. Roy. Soc. London A, 113(765), 1–40, (1927)
Dir28a. Dirac, P.A.M.: The Quantum Theory of the Electron. Proc. Roy. Soc.London A, 117(778), 610–624, (1928)
Dir28b. Dirac, P.A.M.: The Quantum Theory of the Electron. Part II. Proc. Roy.Soc. London A, 118(779), 351–361, (1928)
Dir29. Dirac, P.A.M.: Quantum Mechanics of Many-Electron Systems. Proc.Roy. Soc. London A, 123(792), 714–733, (1929)
Dir32. Dirac, P.A.M.: Relativistic Quantum Mechanics. Proc. Roy. Soc. LondonA, 136(829), 453–464, (1932)
Dir36. Dirac, P.A.M.: Relativistic Wave Equations. Proc. Roy. Soc. London A,155(886), 447–459, (1936)
Dir49. Dirac, P.A.M.: The Principles of Quantum Mechanics. Oxford Univ Press,Oxford, (1949)
References 647
Dir58. Dirac, P.A.M.: Generalized Hamiltonian Dynamics. Proc. Roy. Soc.London A, 246(1246), 326–332, (1958)
Dir82. Dirac, P.A.M.: Principles of Quantum Mechanics. (4th ed.), Oxford Univ.Press, (1982)
DLC01. Dafilis, M.P., Liley, D.T.J., Cadusch, P.J.: Robust chaos in a model ofthe electroencephalogram: implications for brain dynamics. Chaos 11(3),474–4748, (2001)
DLL02. Doiron, B., Laing, C., Longtin, A., Maler, L.: Ghostbursting: a novelneuronal burst mechanism. J. Comput. Neurosci. 12, 5–25, (2002)
Do95. Ding, M., Ott, E.: Chaotic Scattering in Systems with More than TwoDegrees of Freedom. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 751, 182, (1995)
DSS96. Dote, Y., Strefezza, M., Suitno, A.: Neuro fuzzy robust controllers fordrive systems. In Neural Networks Applications, P.K. Simpson (ed.) IEEETec. Upd. Ser., New York, (1996)
DT95. Denniston, C., Tang, C.: Phases of Josephson Junction Ladders. Phys.Rev. Lett. 75, 3930, (1995)
Duf18. Duffing, G.: Erzwungene Schwingungen bei vernderlicher Eigenfrequenz.Vieweg Braunschweig, (1918)
Dum01. Dummett, M.: Origini della Filosofia Analitica. Einaudi. ISBN 88-06-15286-6, (2001)
Dun35. Duncker, K.: Zur Psychologie des produktiven Denkens [The psychologyof productive thinking]. Springer, Berlin, (1935)
Dus84. Dustin, P.: Microtubules. Springer, Berlin, (1984)DV85. Dorner, D.: Verhalten, Denken und Emotionen [Behavior, thinking, emo-
tions]. In L.H. Eckensberger, E.D. Lantermann (eds.), Emotion undReflexivity (157–181) Munchen, Germany: Urban, Schwarzenberg, (1985)
DW95. Dorner, D., Wearing, A.: Complex problem solving: Toward a (computer-simulated) theory. In P.A. Frensch, J. Funke (eds.) Complex problem solv-ing: The European Perspective (65–99) Hillsdale, NJ: Lawr. Erl. Assoc.,(1995)
D’Zur86. D’Zurilla, T.J.: Problem-solving therapy: a social competence approachto clinical intervention. Springer, New York, (1986)
Ebe02. Ebersole, J.S.: Current Practice of Clinical Electroencephalography.Williams, Wilkins, Lippincott, (2002)
Ecc64. Eccles, J.C.: The Physiology of Synapses. Springer, Berlin, (1964)EHM99. Eiben, A.E., Hinterding, R., Michalewicz, Z.: Parameter Control in Evo-
lutionary Algorithms. IEEE Trans. Evol. Comp. 3(2), 124–141, (1999)Ein48. Einstein, A.: Quantum Mechanics and Reality (Quanten–Mechanik und
Wirklichkeit). Dialectica 2, 320–324, (1948)Elm90. Elman, J.: Finding structure in time. Cogn. Sci. 14, 179–211, (1990)EMN92. Ellis, J., Mavromatos, N., Nanopoulos, D.V.: String theory modifies quan-
tum mechanics. CERN-TH/6595, (1992)EMN99. Ellis, J., Mavromatos, N., Nanopoulos, D.V.: A microscopic Liouville
arrow of time. Chaos, Solit. Fract., 10(2–3), 345–363, (1999)Eng06. Engelbrecht, A.: Fundamentals of Computational Swarm Intelligence.
Wiley, New York, (2006)Ens05. Enss, C. (ed.): Cryogenic Particle Detection. Topics in Applied Physics
99, Springer, New York, (2005)EP98. Ershov, S.V., Potapov, A.B.: On the concept of Stationary Lyapunov
basis. Physica D, 118, 167, (1998)
648 References
EPG95. Ernst, U., Pawelzik, K., Geisel, T.: Synchronization induced by temporaldelays in pulse-coupled oscillators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 1570, (1995)
EPR35. Einsten, A., Podolsky, P., Rosen, N.: Can quantum-mechanical descrip-tion of physical reality be considered complete? Phys. Rev. 47, 777–80,(1935)
EPR35a. Einstein, A., Podolsky, B., Rosen, N.: Quantum theory and Measurement.Zurek, W.H., Wheeler, J.A. (ed.), (1935)
EPR35b. Einstein, A., Podolsky, B., Rosen, N.: Can Quantum Mechanical Descrip-tion of Physical Reality Be Considered Complete? Phys. Rev. 47, 777,(1935)
EPR99. Eckmann, J.P., Pillet, C.A., Rey-Bellet, L.: Non-equilibrium statisticalmechanics of anharmonic chains coupled to two heat baths at differenttemperatures. Commun. Math. Phys., 201, 657–697, (1999)
ER85. Eckmann, J.P., Ruelle, D.: Ergodic theory of chaos, strange attractors,Rev. Mod. Phys., 57, 617–630, (1985)
Erm81. Ermentrout, G.B.: The behavior of rings of coupled oscillators. J. Math.Biol. 12, 327, (1981)
ES03. Eiben, A.E., Smith, J.E.: Introduction to Evolutionary Computing.Springer, New York, (2003)
ESA05. European Space Agency. Payload and Advanced Concepts: Superconduct-ing Tunnel Junction (STJ) February 17, (2005)
ESH98. Elson, R.C., Selverston, A.I., Huerta, R. et al.: Synchronous Behavior ofTwo Coupled Biological Neurons. Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 5692–5695, (1998)
Eys69. Eysenck, H.J., Eysenck, S.B.G.: Personality Structure and Measurement.Routledge, London, (1969)
Eys76. Eysenck, H.J., Eysenck, S.B.G.: Psychoticism as a Dimension of Person-ality. Hodder and Stoughton, London, (1976)
Eys92a. Eysenck, H.J.: A reply to Costa, McCrae. P or A, C - the role of theory.Personality and Individual Differences, 13, 867–868, (1992)
Eys92b. Eysenck, H.J.: Four ways five factors are not basic. Personality, IndividualDifferences, 13, 667–673, (1992)
Fol75. Follesdal, D.: Meaning, Experience. In ‘Mind and Language’, ed.S. Guttenplan. Oxford, Clarendon, 25–44, (1975)
Fan85. Fancher, R.: The Intelligence Men: Makers of the IQ Controversy. W.W.Norton and Company, New York, (1985)
Fat19. Fatou, P.: Sur les equations fonctionnelles. Bull. Soc. math. France 47,161–271, (1919)
Fat22. Fatou, P.: Sur les fonctions meromorphes de deux variables, Sur certainesfonctions uniformes de deux variables. C.R. Acad. Sc. Paris 175, 862–65,1030–33, (1922)
Fei78. Feigenbaum, M.J.: Quantitative universality for a class of nonlinear trans-formations. J. Stat. Phys. 19, 25–52, (1978)
Fei79. Feigenbaum, M.J.: The universal metric properties of nonlinear transfor-mations. J. Stat. Phys. 21, 669–706, (1979)
Fer99. Ferber, J.: Multi-Agent Systems. An Introduction to Distributed ArtificialIntelligence. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, (1999)
Fey48. Feynman, R.P.: Space–time Approach to Nonrelativistic Quantum Me-chanics. Rev. Mod. Phys. 20, 367–387, (1948)
Fey51. Feynman, R.P.: An Operator Calculus having Applications in QuantumElectrodynamics. Phys. Rev., 84, 108–128, (1951)
References 649
Fey51. Feynman, R.P.: An Operator Calculus Having Applications in QuantumElectrodynamics. Phys. Rev. 84, 108–128, (1951)
Fey72. Feynman, R.P.: Statistical Mechanics, a Set of Lectures. WA Benjamin,Inc., Reading, Massachusetts, (1972)
Fey98. Feynman, R.P.: Quantum Electrodynamics. Advanced Book Classics,Perseus Publishing, (1998)
FH65. Feynman, R.P., Hibbs, A.R.: Quantum Mechanics, Path Integrals,McGraw-Hill, New York, (1965)
Fit61. FitzHugh, R.A.: Impulses, physiological states in theoretical models ofnerve membrane. Biophys J., 1, 445–466, (1961)
FK83. Frolich, H., Kremer, F.: Coherent Excitations in Biological Systems.Springer, New York, (1983)
FKH04. Fee, M.S., Kozhevnikov, A.A., Hahnloser, R.H.: Neural mechanisms ofvocal sequence generation in the songbird. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1016,153–170, (2004)
Fly04. Flynn, T.: J.P. Sartre. In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Stan-ford, (2004)
Fog98. Fogel, D. (ed.): Evolutionary Computation: The Fossil Record, IEEEPress, New York, (1998)
Fok29. Fokker, A.D.: Z. Phys., 58, 386–393, (1929)FOW66. Fogel, L.J., Owens, A.J., Walsh, M.J.: Artificial Intelligence through Sim-
ulated Evolution. Wiley, New York, (1966)FPP86. Farmer, J.D., Packard, N., Perelson, A.: The immune system, adaptation,
machine learning, Physica D, 22, 187–204, (1986)Fre00. Freeman, W.J.: Neurodynamics: An exploration of mesoscopic brain
dynamics. Springer, Berlin, (2000)Fre90. Freeman, W.J.: On the problem of anomalous dispersion in chaotic phase
transitions of neural masses, its significance for the management of per-ceptual information in brains. In H.Haken, M.Stadler (ed.) Synergetics ofcognition 45, 126–143. Springer Verlag, Berlin, (1990)
Fre91. Freeman, W.J.: The physiology of perception. Sci. Am., 264(2), 78–85,(1991)
Fre92. Freeman, W.J.: Tutorial on neurobiology: from single neurons to brainchaos. Int. J. Bif. Chaos. 2(3), 451–82, (1992)
Fre96. Freeman, W.J.: Random activity at the microscopic neural level in cortexsustains is regulated by low dimensional dynamics of macroscopic corticalactivity. Int. J. of Neural Systems 7, 473, (1996)
Fri94. Fritzke, B.: Fast learning with incremental RBF networks. NeuralProcessing Letters, 1, 1–5, (1994)
Fri99. Frieden R.B.: Physics from Fisher Information: A Unification, CambridgeUniv. Press, (1999)
FS91. Frensch, P.A., Sternberg, R.J.: Skill-related differences in game playing. InR.J. Sternberg, P.A. Frensch (eds.) Complex problem solving: Principles,mechanisms (pp. 343–381) Hillsdale, NJ: Lawr. Erl. Assoc., (1991)
FS92. Freeman, J.A., Skapura, D.M.: Neural Networks: Algorithms, Appli-cations and Programming Techniques. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA,(1992)
Fuk75. Fukushima, K.: Cognitron: a self–organizing multilayered neural network.Biol. Cyb., 20, 121–136, (1975)
650 References
Fun95. Funke, J.: Solving complex problems: Human identification, control ofcomplex systems. In R.J. Sternberg, P.A. Frensch (eds.) Complex prob-lem solving: Principles, mechanisms (185–222) Hillsdale, NJ: Lawr. Erl.Assoc., (1995)
FW95. Filatrella, G., Wiesenfeld, K.: Magnetic-field effect in a two-dimensionalarray of short Josephson junctions. J. Appl. Phys. 78, 1878–1883, (1995)
FY83. Fujisaka, H., Yamada, T.: Amplitude Equation of Higher-DimensionalNikolaevskii Turbulence. Prog. Theor. Phys. 69, 32, (1983)
GA99. Gallagher, R., Appenzeller, T.: Beyond Reductionism. Science 284, 79,(1999)
Gar85. Gardiner, C.W.: Handbook of Stochastic Methods for Physics, Chemistry,Natural Sciences, (2nd ed.) Springer-Verlag, New York, (1985)
GGS81. Guevara, M.R., Glass, L., Shrier, A.: Phase locking, period-doublingbifurcations and irregular dynamics in periodically stimulated cardiaccells. Science 214, 1350–53, (1981)
GH00. Gade, P.M., Hu, C.K.: Synchronous chaos in coupled map lattices withsmall-world interactions. Phys. Rev. E 62, 6409–6413, (2000)
GH83. Guckenheimer, J., Holmes, P.: Nonlinear Oscillations, Dynamical Systemsand Bifurcations of Vector Fields. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, (1983)
GK92. Georgiou, G.M., Koutsougeras, C.: Complex domain backpropagation.IEEE Trans. Circ. Sys., 39(5), 330–334, (1992)
GK96. Gomi, H., Kawato, M.: Equilibrium-point control hypothesis examinedby measured arm-stiffness during multi-joint movement. Science, 272,117–120, (1996)
Gla63a. Glauber, R.J.: The Quantum Theory of Optical Coherence. Phys. Rev.130, 2529–2539, (1963)
Gla63b. Glauber, R.J.: Coherent and Incoherent States of the Radiation Field.Phys. Rev. 131, 2766–2788, (1963)
Gle87. Gleick, J.: Chaos: Making a New Science. Penguin–Viking, New York,(1987)
GLW93. Geigenmuller, U., Lobb, C.J., Whan, C.B.: Friction and inertia of a vortexin an underdamped Josephson array. Phys. Rev. B 47, 348–358, (1993)
GM96. Gray, C.M., McCormick, D.A.: Chattering cells: superficial pyramidalneurons contributing to the generation of synchronous oscillations in thevisual cortex. Science. 274(5284), 109–113, (1996)
GM79. Guyer, R.A., Miller, M.D.: Commensurability in One Dimension at T �= 0.Phys. Rev. Lett. 42, 718–722, (1979)
GN90. Gaspard, P., Nicolis, G.: Transport properties and Lyapunov exponentsand entropy per unit time. Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 1693–1696, (1990)
Gol01. Goldreich, O.: Foundations of Cryptography, Vol. 1: Basic Tools. Cam-bridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, (2001)
Gol67. Gold, E.: Language Identification in the Limit. Information and Control,10, 447–474, (1967)
Gol89. Goldberg, D.E.: Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and MachineLearning. Kluwer Acad. Pub., Boston, MA, (1989)
Gol99. Goldberger, A.L.: Nonlinear Dynamics, Fractals, and Chaos Theory:Implications for Neuroautonomic Heart Rate Control in Health, Dis-ease. In: Bolis CL, Licinio J, eds. The Autonomic Nervous System. WorldHealth Organization, Geneva, (1999)
References 651
GOP84. Grebogi, C., Ott, E., Pelikan, S., Yorke, J.A.: Strange attractors that arenot chaotic. Physica D 3, 261–268, (1984)
Gor26. Gordon, W.: Z. Phys., 40, 117–133, (1926)Got96. Gottlieb, H.P.W.: Question #38. What is the simplest jerk function that
gives chaos? Am. J. Phys., 64(5), 525, (1996)GOY87. Grebogi, C., Ott, E., Yorke, J.A.: Chaos, strange attractors, and fractal
basin boundaries in nonlinear dynamics. Science, 238, 632–637, (1987)Goz83. Gozzi, E.: Functional-integral approach to Parisi-Wu stochastic quanti-
zation: Scalar theory. Phys. Rev. D 28, 1922, (1983)GP83. Grassberger, P., Procaccia, I.: Measuring the strangeness of strange at-
tractors, Physica D 9, 189–208, (1983)GP83a. Grassberger, P., Procaccia, I.: Measuring the Strangeness of Strange
Attractors. Phys. D 9, 189–208, (1983)GP83b. Grassberger, P., Procaccia, I.: Characterization o f Strange Attractors.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 50, 346–349, (1983)Gra90. Granato, E.: Phase transitions in Josephson-junction ladders in a mag-
netic field. Phys. Rev. B 42, 4797–4799, (1990)Gro69. Grossberg, S.: Embedding fields: A theory of learning with physiological
implications. J. Math. Psych. 6, 209–239, (1969)Gro82. Grossberg, S.: Studies of Mind and Brain. Kluwer, Dordrecht, Holland,
(1982)Gro87. Grossberg, S.: Competitive learning: from interactive activation to adap-
tive resonance. Cog. Sci. 11, 23–63, (1987)Gro88. Grossberg, S.: Neural Networks and Natural Intelligence. MIT Press,
Cambridge, MA, (1988)Gro99. Grossberg, S.: How does the cerebral cortex work? Learning, attention
and grouping by the laminar circuits of visual cortex. Spatial Vision 12,163–186, (1999)
GRW86. Ghirardi, G.C., Rimini, A., Weber, T.: Unified dynamics for microscopicand macroscopic systems. Phys. Rev. D, 34(2), 470–491, (1986)
GS98. Grosche, C., Steiner, F.: Handbook of Feynman path integrals. Springertracts in modern physics 145, Springer, Berlin, (1998)
GSD92. Garfinkel, A., Spano, M.L., Ditto, W.L., Weiss, J.N.: Controlling cardiacchaos. Science 257, 1230–1235, (1992)
Gui67. Guilford, J.P.: The Nature of Human Intelligence. McGraw-Hill, NewYork, (1967)
Gun03. Gunion, J.F.: Class Notes on Path-Integral Methods. U.C. Davis, 230B,(2003)
Gut90. Gutzwiller, M.C.: Chaos in Classical and Quantum Mechanics. Springer,New York, (1990)
Gut98. Gutkin, B.S., Ermentrout, B.: Dynamics of membrane excitability de-termine interspike interval variability: A link between spike generationmechanisms, cortical spike train statistics. Neural Comput., 10(5), 1047–1065, (1998)
GZ94. Glass, L., Zeng, W.: Bifurcations in flat-topped maps and the control ofcardiac chaos. Int. J. Bif. Chaos 4, 1061–1067, (1994)
Hak83. Haken, H.: Synergetics: An Introduction (3rd ed.). Springer, Berlin,(1983)
Hak91. Haken, H.: Synergetic Computers and Cognition. Springer-Verlag, Berlin,(1991)
652 References
Hak93. Haken, H.: Advanced Synergetics: Instability Hierarchies of Self-Organizing Systems and Devices (3nd ed.) Springer, Berlin. (1993)
Hak96. Haken, H.: Principles of Brain Functioning: A Synergetic Approach toBrain Activity, Behavior and Cognition. Springer, Berlin, (1996)
Hak00. Haken, H.: Information, Self-Organization: A Macroscopic Approach toComplex Systems. Springer, Berlin, (2000)
Hak02. Haken, H.: Brain Dynamics, Synchronization and Activity Patterns inPulse-Codupled Neural Nets with Delays and Noise. Springer, New York,(2002)
Ham87. Hameroff, S.R.: Ultimate Computing: Biomolecular Consciousness andNanotechnology. North-Holland, Amsterdam, (1987)
Ham98. Hameroff, S.: Quantum computation in brain microtubules? The Penrose-Hameroff Orch OR model of consciousness. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. LondonSer. A 356, 1869–1896, (1998)
Har75. Harris, R.J.: A Primer of Multivariate Statistics, Acad. Press, New York,(1975)
Har92. Harris-Warrick, R.M. (ed.): The Stomatogastric Nervous System. MITPress, Cambridge, MA, (1992)
Har96. Hart, W.D.: Dualism. In A Companion to the Philosophy of Mind, Black-well, Oxford, (1996)
Hay91. Haykin, S.: Adaptive Filter Theory. Prentice–Hall, Englewood Cliffs,(1991)
Hay94. Haykin, S.: Neural Networks: A Comprehensive Foundation. Macmillan,(1994)
HBB96. Houk, J.C., Buckingham, J.T., Barto, A.G.: Models of the cerebellum,motor learning. Behavioral, Brain Sciences, 19(3), 368–383, (1996)
HCK02a. Hong, H., Choi, M.Y., Kim, B.J.: Synchronization on small-world net-works. Phys. Rev. E 65, 26139, (2002)
HCK02b. Hong, H., Choi, M.Y., Kim, B.J.: Phase ordering on small-world networkswith nearest-neighbor edges. Phys. Rev. E 65, 047104, (2002)
HCL74. Hornby, A.S., Cowie, A.P., Lewis, J.W.: Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dici-tionary of Current English. Oxford Univ. Press, (1974)
HCT97. Hall, K., Christini, D.J., Tremblay, M., Collins, J.J., Glass, L., Billette, J.:Dynamic Control of Cardiac Alternans. Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 4518–4521,(1997)
Heb49. Hebb, D.O.: The Organization of Behavior. Wiley, New York, (1949)Hec77. Heckhausen, H.: Achievement motivation, its constructs: a cognitive
model. Motiv. Emot, 1, 283–329, (1977)Hec87. Hecht-Nielsen, R.: Counterpropagation networks. Applied Optics, 26(23),
4979–4984, (1987)Hec90. Hecht-Nielsen, R.: NeuroComputing. Addison–Wesley, Reading, (1990)Heg77. Hegel, G.W.F.: Phenomenology of the Spirit. (Translated by A.V. Miller
with analysis of the text, foreword by J. N. Findlay). Clarendon Press,Oxford, (1977)
Heg91. Hegarty, M.: Knowledge, processes in mechanical problem solving. InR.J. Sternberg, P.A. Frensch (eds.), Complex problem solving: Princi-ples, mechanisms (253–285) Hillsdale, NJ: Lawr. Erl. Assoc., (1991)
Hen66. Henon, M.: Sur la topologie des lignes de courant dans un cas particulier.C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris A, 262, 312–314, (1966)
References 653
Hen69. Henon, M.: Numerical study of quadratic area preserving mappings.Q. Appl. Math. 27, (1969)
Hen76. Henon, M.: A two-dimensional mapping with a strange attractor. Com.Math. Phys. 50, 69–77, (1976)
Hew69. Hewitt, C.: PLANNER: A Language for Proving Theorems in Robots.IJCAI, (1969)
HH52. Hodgkin, A.L., Huxley, A.F.: A quantitative description of membranecurrent and application to conduction and excitation in nerve. J. Physiol.,117, 500–544, (1952)
HH97. Harmon, M.E., Harmon, S.S.: Reinforcement learning: A tutorial. Tec.Rep. Wright Laboratory, Wright State Univ., (1997)
HHH99. Hirai, K., Hirose, M., Haikawa, Takenaka, T.: The Development of HondaHumanoid Robot. Proc. of the IEEE Int. Conf. on Robotics and Automa-tion, Leuven, Belgium, 1321–1326, (1999)
HI01. Hoppensteadt, F.C., Izhikevich, E.M.: Canonical Neural Models. In ArbibMA (ed.) Brain Theory, Neural Networks (2nd ed.) MIT press, Cam-bridge, MA, (2001)
HI97. Hoppensteadt, F.C., Izhikevich, E.M.: Weakly Connected Neural Net-works. Springer, New York, (1997)
HI99. Hoppensteadt, F.C., Izhikevich, E.M.: Oscillatory Neurocomputers WithDynamic Connectivity, Phys. Rev. Let., 82(14), 2983–86, (1999)
Hil00. Hilfer, R. (ed.): Applications of Fractional Calculus in Physics. WorldScientific, Singapore, (2000)
Hil94. Hilborn, R.C.: Chaos and Nonlinear Dynamics: An Introduction for Sci-entists, Engineers. Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, (1994)
HK87. Heppner, P.P., Krauskopf, C.J.: An information-processing approach topersonal problem solving. The Counseling Psychologist, 15, 371–447,(1987)
HL84. Horsthemke, W., Lefever, R.: Noise–Induced Transitions. Springer,Berlin, (1984)
HL86a. Hale, J.K., Lin, X.B.: Symbolic dynamics and nonlinear semiflows. Ann.Mat. Pur. Appl. 144(4), 229–259, (1986)
HL86b. Hale, J.K., Lin, X.B.: Examples of transverse homoclinic orbits in delayequations. Nonlinear Analysis 10, 693–709, (1986)
HL93. Hale, J.K., Lunel, S.M.V.: Introduction to Functional Differential Equa-tions. Springer, New York, (1993)
HO96. Hunt, B.R., Ott, E.: Optimal periodic orbits of chaotic systems occur atlow period. Phys. Rev. E 54, 328–337, (1996)
Hod64. Hodgkin, A.L.: The Conduction of the Nervous Impulse. Liverpool Univ.Press, Liverpool, (1964)
HOG88. Hsu, G.H., Ott, E., Grebogi, C.: Strange Saddles and Dimensions of theirInvariant Manifolds. Phys. Lett. A 127, 199–204, (1988)
Hol92. Holland, J.H.: Adaptation in Natural, Artificial Systems (2nd ed.) MITPress, Cambridge, MA, (1992)
Hol95. Holland, J.H.: Hidden order: how adaptation builds complexity. Addison-Wesley, New York, (1995)
Hop82). Hopfield, J.J.: Neural networks, physical systems with emergent collec-tive computational activity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 79, 2554–2558,(1982)
654 References
Hop82. Hopfield, J.J.: Neural networks, physical systems with emergent collectivecomputational abilities. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79, 2554, (1982)
Hop84. Hopfield, J.J.: Neurons with graded response have collective computa-tional properties like those of two–state neurons. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.USA, 81, 3088–3092, (1984)
Hou79. Houk, J.C.: Regulation of stiffness by skeletomotor reflexes. Ann. Rev.Physiol., 41, 99–123, (1979)
HOY96. Hunt, B.R., Ott, E., Yorke, J.A.: Fractal dimensions of chaotic saddles ofdynamical systems. Phys. Rev. E 54, 4819–4823, (1996)
HP29a. Heisenberg, W., Pauli, W.: Z. Phys., 56, 1–61, (1929)HP29b. Heisenberg, W., Pauli, W.: Z. Phys., 59, 168–190, (1929)HP93. Hameroff, S.R., Penrose, R.: Conscious events as orchestrated spacetime
selections. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 3(1), 36–53, (1996)HP96. Hameroff, S.R., Penrose, R.: Orchestrated reduction of quantum coher-
ence in brain microtubules: A model for consciousness. In: Hameroff, S.R., Kaszniak, A.W., Scott, A.C. Eds.: Toward a Science of Consciousness:the First Tucson Discussion, Debates, 507–539. MIT Press, Cambridge,MA, (1996)
HP96. Hawking, S.W., Penrose, R.: The Nature of Space and Time. PrincetoneUniv. Press, Princetone, NJ, (1996)
HS74. Hirsch, M.W., Smale, S.: Differential Equations, Dynamical Systems andLinear Algebra. Academic Press, New York, (1974)
HT85. Hopfield, J.J., Tank, D.W.: Neural computation of decisions in optimisa-tion problems. Biol. Cybern., 52, 114–152, (1985)
HU79. Hopcroft, J.E., Ullman, J.D.: Introduction to Automata Theory, Lan-guages and Computation. Addison-Wesley, New York, (1979)
Hun01. Hunt, E.L.: Multiple views of multiple intelligence. (Review of IntelligenceReframed: Multiple Intelligences for the 21st Century.) Contemp. Psych.46, 5–7, (2001)
Hux898. Huxley, T.H.: On the Hypothesis that Animals are Automata, its History.Reprinted in Method, Results: Essays by Thomas H. Huxley. D. Appleton,Company, New York (1898)
HW82. Hameroff, S.R., Watt, R.C.: Information processing in microtubules.J. Theo. Bio. 98, 549–561, (1982)
HW83. Hameroff, S.R., Watt, R.C.: Do anesthetics act by altering electron mo-bility? Anesth. Analg., 62, 936–40, (1983)
IB05. Ivancevic, V., Beagley, N.: Brain-like functor control-machine for generalhumanoid biodynamics. Int. J. Math., Math. Sci. 11, 1759–1779, (2005)
IDW03. Izhikevich, E.M., Desai, N.S., Walcott, E.C., Hoppensteadt, F.C.: Burstsas a unit of neural information: selective communication via resonance.Trends in Neurosci., 26, 161–167, (2003)
IGF99. Ioffe, L.B., Geshkenbein, V.B., Feigel’man, M.V., Fauchere, A.L., Blatter,G.: Environmentally decoupled sds-wave Josephson junctions for quan-tum computing. Nature 398, 679–681, (1999)
II05. Ivancevic, V., Ivancevic, T.: Human–Like Biomechanics. Springer,Dordrecht, (2005)
II06a. Ivancevic, V., Ivancevic, T.: Natural Biodynamics. World Scientific,Singapore, (2006)
II06b. Ivancevic, V., Ivancevic, T.: Geometrical Dynamics of Complex Systems.Springer, Dordrecht, (2006)
References 655
IJB99a. Ivancevic, T., Jain, L.C., Bottema, M.: A New Two-feature GBAM-Neurodynamical Classifier for Breast Cancer Diagnosis. In Proc. fromKES’99, IEEE Press, USA, (1999)
IJB99b. Ivancevic, T., Jain, L.C., Bottema, M.: A New Two–Feature FAM–MatrixClassifier for Breast Cancer Diagnosis, Proc. from KES’99, IEEE Press,USA, (1999)
IKM03. Imamizu, H., Kuroda, T., Miyauchi, S., Yoshioka, T., Kawato, M.: Mod-ular organization of internal models of tools in the human cerebellum.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA., 100, 5461–5466, (2003)
IMT00. Imamizu, H., Miyauchi, S., Tamada, T., Sasaki, Y., Takino, R., Puetz,B., Yoshioka, T., Kawato, M.: Human cerebellar activity reflecting anacquired internal model of a novel tool. Nature, 403, 192–195, (2000)
Ing97. Ingber, L.: Statistical mechanics of neocortical interactions: Applicationsof canonical momenta indicators to electroencephalography. Phys. Rev.E, 55(4), 4578–4593, (1997)
Ing98. Ingber, L.: Statistical mechanics of neocortical interactions: Training,testing canonical momenta indicators of EEG. Mathl. Computer Mod-elling 27(3), 33–64, (1998)
IP01a. Ivancevic, V., Pearce, C.E.M.: Topological duality in humanoid robotdynamics. ANZIAM J. 43, 183–194, (2001)
IP01b. Ivancevic, V., Pearce, C.E.M.: Poisson manifolds in generalized Hamil-tonian biomechanics. Bull. Austral. Math. Soc. 64, 515–526, (2001)
IS01. Ivancevic, V., Snoswell, M.: Fuzzy-stochastic functor machine for generalhumanoid robot dynamics. IEEE Trans. Syst., Man, Cybern. B 31(3),319–330, (2001)
Isi89. Isidori, A.: Nonlinear Control Systems, An Introduction (2nd ed.).Springer, Berlin, (1989)
Ito60. Ito, K.: Wiener Integral, Feynman Integral. Proc. Fourth Berkeley Symp.Math., Stat., Prob., 2, 227–238, (1960)
Iva02. Ivancevic, V.: Generalized Hamiltonian biodynamics, topology invariantsof humanoid robots. Int. J. Math., Math. Sci. 31(9), 555–565, (2002)
Iva04. Ivancevic, V.: Symplectic rotational geometry in human biomechanics,SIAM Rev., 46(3), 455–474, (2004)
Iva06a. Ivancevic, V.: Lie-Lagrangian model for realistic human bio-dynamics.Int. J. Hum. Rob., 3(2), 205–218, (2006)
Iva06b. Ivancevic, V.: Dynamics of Humanoid Robots: Geometrical, TopologicalDuality. In Biomathematics: Modelling, Simulation, ed. J.C. Misra, WorldScientific, Singapore, (2006)
Iye81. Iyengar, B.K.S.: Light on Yoga. Unwin Publishers, London, (1981)IZ80. Itzykson, C., Zuber, J.: Quantum field theory. McGraw-Hill, New York,
(1980)Izh00. Izhikevich, E.M.: Neural Excitability, Spiking and Bursting. International
Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos, 10, 1171–1266, (2000)Izh01. Izhikevich, E.M.: Synchronization of Elliptic Bursters, SIAM Rev., 43(2),
315–344, (2001)Izh01. Izhikevich, E.M.: Resonate-and-fire neurons. Neu. Net. 14, 883–894,
(2001)Izh04. Izhikevich, E.M.: Which model to use for cortical spiking neurons? IEEE
Trans. Neu. Net. 15, 1063–1070, (2004)
656 References
Izh07. Izhikevich, E.M.: Dynamical Systems in Neuroscience: The Geometry ofExcitability and Bursting. The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, (2007)
Izh99a. Izhikevich, E.M.: Class 1 neural excitability, conventional synapses,weakly connected networks and mathematical foundations of pulse-coupled models. IEEE Trans. Neu. Net., 10, 499–507, (1999)
Izh99b. Izhikevich, E.M.: Weakly Connected Quasiperiodic Oscillators, FM In-teractions and Multiplexing in the Brain. SIAM J. Appl. Math., 59(6),2193–2223, (1999)
Jac82. Jackson, F.: Epiphenomenal Qualia. Reprinted in Chalmers and David(ed., 2002). Philosophy of Mind: Classical, Contemporary Readings.Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, (1982)
JBO97. Just, W., Bernard, T., Ostheimer, M., Reibold, E., Benner, H.: Mech-anism of time–delayed feedback control. Phys. Rev. Lett., 78, 203–206,(1997)
Joh72. Johnson, D.M.: Systematic introduction to the psychology of thinking.Harper, Row, (1972)
Jos74. Josephson, B.D.: The discovery of tunnelling supercurrents. Rev. Mod.Phys. 46(2), 251–254, (1974)
JPY96. Jibu, M., Pribram, K.H., Yasue, K.: From conscious experience to memorystorage and retrieval: the role of quantum brain dynamics, boson conden-sation of evanescent photons, Int. J. Mod. Phys. B, 10, 1735, (1996)
Jul18. Julia, G.: Memoires sur l’iteration des fonctions rationelles. J. Math. 8,47–245, (1918)
Jun80. Jung, C.G.: Psychology and Alchemy. Princeton Univ. Press., Princeton,New Jersey, (1980)
Jun93. Jung, P.: Periodically driven stochastic systems. Phys. Reports 234, 175,(1993)
JV72. Juricic, D, Vukobratovic, M.: Mathematical Modeling of Biped WalkingSystems. ASME Publ. 72-WA/BHF-13, (1972)
JY95. Jibu, M., Yasue, K.: Quantum brain dynamics and consciousness. JohnBenjamins, Amsterdam, (1995)
Kac51. Kac, M.: On Some Connection between Probability Theory, Differentialand Integral Equations. Proc. 2nd Berkeley Sympos. Math. Stat. Prob.,189–215, (1951)
Kar84. Kardar, M.: Free energies for the discrete chain in a periodic potentialand the dual Coulomb gas. Phys. Rev. B 30, 6368–6378, (1984)
Kas02. Kasabov, N.: Evolving connectionist systems: Methods and applicationsin bioinformatics, brain study and intelligent machines. Springer, London,(2002)
Kaw99. Kawato, M.: Internal models for motor control and trajectory planning.Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 9, 718–727, (1999)
Kay91. Kay, D.S.: Computer interaction: Debugging the problems. InR.J. Sternberg, P.A. Frensch (eds.) Complex problem solving: Principles,mechanisms (317–340) Hillsdale, NJ: Lawr. Erl. Assoc., (1991)
KBA99. Koza, J.R., Bennett, F.H., Andre, D., Keane, M.A.: Genetic ProgrammingIII: Darwinian Invention, Problem Solving. Morgan Kaufmann, (1999)
KG85. Kantz, H., Grassberger, P.: Repellers, semi-attractors and long-livedchaotic transients. Physica D 17, 75–86, (1985)
Khi57. Khinchin, A.I.: Mathematical foundations of Information theory. Dover,(1957)
References 657
KHS93. Koruga, D.L., Hameroff, S.I., Sundareshan, M.K., Withers, J., Loutfy,R.: Fullerence C60: History, Physics, Nanobiology and Nanotechnology.Elsevier Science Pub, (1993)
Kim95a. Kim, J.: Problems in the Philosophy of Mind. Oxford Companion to Phi-losophy. Ted Honderich (ed.) Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, (1995)
Kim95b. Kim, J.: Mind–Body Problem. Oxford Companion to Philosophy. TedHonderich (ed.) Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, (1995)
KK00. Kye, W.-H., Kim, C.-M.: Characteristic relations of type-I intermittencyin the presence of noise. Phys. Rev. E 62, 6304–6307, (2000)
KKS03. Koza, J.R., Keane, M.A., Streeter, M.J., Mydlowec, W., Yu, J., Lanza, G.:Genetic Programming IV: Routine Human-Competitive Machine Intel-ligence. Kluwer, Dordrecht, (2003)
Kla00. Klauder, J.R.: Beyond Conventional Quantization. Cambridge Univ.Press, Cambridge, (2000)
Kla97. Klauder, J.R.: Understanding Quantization. Found. Phys. 27, 1467–1483,(1997)
Kle27. Klein, O.: Z. Phys., 41, 407–442, (1927)Kli00. Kline, P.: A Psychometrics Primer. Free Assoc. Books, London, (2000)KLR03. Kye, W.-H., Lee, D.-S., Rim, S., Kim, C.-M., Park, Y.-J.: Periodic Phase
Synchronization in coupled chaotic oscillators. Phys. Rev. E 68, 025201–025205(R), (2003)
KM78a. Kim, J., Mueller, C.W.: Introduction to factor analysis: What it is andhow to do it. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Quantitative Ap-plications in the Social Sciences Series, 13, (1978)
KM78b. Kim, J., Mueller, C.W.: Factor Analysis: Statistical methods and practicalissues. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Quantitative Applicationsin the Social Sciences Series, 14, (1978)
KMM94. Konen, W., Maurer, T., von der Malsburg, C.: A fast dynamic link match-ing algorithm for invariant pattern recognition. Neural Networks, 7, 1019–1030, (1994)
KMY84. Kaplan, J.L., Mallet-Paret, J., Yorke, J.A.: The Lyapunov dimension ofa nowhere dierentiable attracting torus. Ergod. Th. Dynam. Sys. 4, 261(1984)
KN00. Kotz, S., Nadarajah, S.: Extreme Value Distributions. Imperial CollegePress, London, (2000)
Koe64. Koestler, A. The Act of Creation. Penguin, London, (1964)Koh82. Kohonen, T.: Self–Organized Formation of Toplogically Correct Feature
Maps. Biological Cybernetics 43, 59–69, (1982)Koh88. Kohonen, T.: Self Organization, Associative Memory. Springer, (1988)Koh91. Kohonen, T.: Self–Organizing Maps: Optimization Approaches. In: Arti-
ficial Neural Networks, ed. T. Kohonen etal. North-Holland, Amsterdam,(1991)
Kos86. Kosko, B.: Fuzzy Cognitive Maps. Int. J. Man-Mach. Stud. 24, 65–75,(1986)
Kos88. Kosko, B.: Bidirectional Associative Memory. IEEE Trans. Sys. Man Cyb.18, 49–60, (1988)
Kos92. Kosko, B.: Neural Networks, Fuzzy Systems, A Dynamical SystemsApproach to Machine Intelligence. Prentice–Hall, New York, (1992)
Kos93. Kosko, B.: Fuzzy Thinking. Disney Books, Hyperion, (1993)
658 References
Kos96. Kosko, B.: Fuzzy Engineering. Prentice Hall, New York, (1996)Kos99. Kosko, B.: The Fuzzy Future: From Society, Science to Heaven in a Chip.
Random House, Harmony, (1999)Koz92. Koza, J.R.: Genetic Programming: On the Programming of Computers
by Means of Natural Selection. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, (1992)Koz95. Koza, J.R.: Genetic Programming II: Automatic Discovery of Reusable
Programs. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, (1995)KP95. Kocarev, L., Parlitz, U.: General Approach for Chaotic Synchronization
with Applications to Communication. Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 5028–5031,(1995)
KP96. Kocarev, L., Parlitz, U.: Generalized Synchronization, Predictability andEquivalence of Unidirectionally Coupled Dynamical Systems. Phys. Rev.Lett. 76, 1816–1819, (1996)
KS02. Kasabov, N., Song, Q.: Denfis: Dynamic evolving neural fuzzy inferencesystems and its application for time series prediction. IEEE Trans. Fuz.Sys. 10(2), 144–154, (2002)
KT01. Kye, W.-H., Topaj, D.: Attractor bifurcation and on-off intermittency.Phys. Rev. E 63, 045202–045206(R), (2001)
KT73. Krall, N.A., Trivelpiece, A.W.: Principles of Plasma Physics. McGraw-Hill, New York, (1973)
Kuh85. Kuhl, J.: Volitional Mediator of cognition-Behaviour consistency: Self-regulatory Processes, action versus state orientation (101–122) In: J.Kuhl, S. Beckman (eds.) Action control: From Cognition to Behaviour.Springer, Berlin, (1985)
Kur84. Kuramoto, Y.: Chemical Oscillations. Waves, Turbulence. Springer, NewYork, (1984)
Kuz95. Kuznetsov, Y.A.: Elements of Applied Bifurcation Theory. Applied Math-ematical Sciences 112, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, (1995)
KY75. Kaplan, J.L., Yorke, J.A.: On the stability of a periodic solution of adifferential delay equation. SIAM J. Math. Ana. 6, 268–282, (1975)
KY79. Kaplan, J.L., Yorke, J.A.: Numerical Solution of a Generalized EigenvalueProblem for Even Mapping. Peitgen, H.O., Walther, H.O. (Eds.): Func-tional Differential Equations, Approximations of Fixed Points, LectureNotes in Mathematics, 730, 228–256, Springer, Berlin, (1979)
KY79. Kaplan, J.L., Yorke, J.A.: Preturbulence: a regime observed in a fluidflow of Lorenz. Commun. Math. Phys. 67, 93–108, (1979)
KY91. Kennedy, J., Yorke, J.A.: Basins of Wada. Physica D 51, 213–225, (1991)KYR98. Kim, C.M., Yim, G.S., Ryu, J.W., Park, Y.J.: Characteristic Relations
of Type-III Intermittency in an Electronic Circuit. Phys. Rev. Lett. 80,5317–5320, (1998)
KZH02. Kiss, I.Z., Zhai, Y., Hudson, J.L.: Emerging coherence in a population ofchemical oscillators. Science 296, 1676–1678, (2002)
Lai94. Lai, Y.-C.: Controlling chaos. Comput. Phys., 8, 62–67, (1994)Lak03. Lakshmanan, M., Rajasekar, S: Nonlinear Dynamics: Integrability, Chaos
and Patterns, Springer-Verlag, New York, (2003)Lak97. Lakshmanan, M.: Bifurcations, Chaos, Controlling and Synchronization
of Certain Nonlinear Oscillators. In Lecture Notes in Physics, 495, 206,Y. Kosmann-Schwarzbach, B. Grammaticos, K.M. Tamizhmani (ed.),Springer-Verlag, Berlin, (1997)
References 659
Lam02. Lampinen, J.: A Constraint Handling Method for the Differential Evo-lution Algorithm. In: Sincak P., Vascak J., Kvasnicka V., PospichalJ. (eds.) Intelligent Technologies – Theory, Applications, 152–158. IOSPress, (2002)
Las42. Lashley, K.S.: The problem of cerebral organization in vision. In Biolog-ical Symposia, VII, Visual mechanisms, 301–322. Jaques Cattell Press,Lancaster, (1942)
LCD02. Liley, D.T.J., Cadusch, P.J., Dafilis MP.: A spatially continuous meanfield theory of electrocortical activity. Comp. Neu. Sys. 13(1), 67–113,(2002)
LCD87. Leggett, A.J., Chakravarty, S., Dorsey, A.T., Fisher, M.P.A., Chang, A.,Zwerger, W.: Dynamics of the dissipative two-state system. Rev. Mod.Phys. 59, 1, (1987)
LCW99. Liley, D.T.J., Cadusch, P.J., Wright, J.J.: A continuum theory of electro-cortical activity. Neurocom. 26, 795–800, (1999)
LD98. Loss, D., DiVincenzo, D.P.: Quantum computation with quantum dots.Phys. Rev. A 57(1), 120–126, (1998)
LEA00. Lehnertz, K., Elger, C.E., Arnhold, J., Grassberger, P. (ed.): Chaos inBrain. World Scientific, Singapore, (2000)
Lee90. Lee, C.C.: Fuzzy Logic in Control Systems. IEEE Trans. Sys., Man,Cybern., 20(2), 404–435, (1990)
Leg86. Leggett, A.J.: In The Lesson of Quantum Theory. Niels Bohr CentenarySymposium 1985; J. de Boer, E. Dal, O. Ulfbeck (ed.) North Holland,Amsterdam, (1986)
Lei714. Leibniz, G.W.: Monadology, (1714)Lev88. Levinthal, C.F.: Messengers of Paradice, Opiates and the Brain. Anchor
Press, Freeman, New York, (1988)Lev92. Levy, S.: Artificial Life: A Report from the Frontier Where Computers
Meet Biology. Vintage Books: Random House, New York, (1992)Lew51. Lewin, K.: Field Theory in Social Science. Univ. Chicago Press, Chicago,
(1951)Lew97. Lewin, K.: Resolving Social Conflicts: Field Theory in Social Science,
American Psych. Assoc., New York, (1997)Lis97. Lisman, J.: Bursts as a unit of neural information: making unreliable
synapses reliable. Trends in Neurosci. 20, 38–43, (1997)LL91. Lesgold, A., Lajoie, S.: Complex problem solving in electronics. In R.
J. Sternberg, P.A. Frensch (eds.), Complex problem solving: Principles,mechanisms (287–316) Hillsdale, NJ: Lawr. Erl. Assoc., (1991)
Lor63. Lorenz, E.N.: Deterministic Nonperiodic Flow. J. Atmos. Sci., 20, 130–141, (1963)
LOS88. Larkin, A.I., Ovchinnikov, Yu.N., Schmid, A.: Physica B 152, 266, (1988)LP95. Lebovitz, N.R., Pesci, A.I.: Dynamics bifurcation in Hamiltonian systems
with one degree of freedom. SIAM J. Appl. Math. 55, 1117–1133, (1995)LS04. Lesica, N.A, Stanley, G.B.: Encoding of Natural Scene Movies by Tonic
and Burst Spikes in the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus, J. Neurosci. 24,10731–10740, (2004)
Lug02. Luger, G.F.: Artificial Intelligence: Structures and Strategies for ComplexProblem Solving. Pearson Educ (4th ed.) Ltd, Harlow, UK, (2002)
660 References
LVB93. Lades, M., Vorbruggen, J.C., Buhmann, J., Lange, J.C. von der Malsburg,C., Wurtz, R.P., Konen, W.: Distortion invariant object recognition in thedynamic link architecture. IEEE Transactions on Computers, 42(3), 300–311, (1993)
LY85a. Ledrappier, F., Young, L.-S.: The metric entropy of diffeomorphisms I.Characterization of measures satisfying Pesin’s entropy formula. Ann. ofMath, 122, 509–539, (1985)
LY85b. Ledrappier, F., Young, L.-S.: The metric entropy of diffeomorphisms II.Relations between entropy, exponents and dimension. Ann. of Math. (2),122(3), 540–574, (1985)
Mac59. Mach, E.: The Analysis of Sensations and the Relation of Physical to thePsychical. (5th ed.) Dover, New York, (1959)
Mal798. Malthus, T.R.: An essay on the Principle of Population. Originally pub-lished in 1798. Penguin, (1970)
Mal85. Von der Malsburg, C.: Nervous structures with dynamical links. Ber.Bunsenges. Phys. Chem., 89, 703–710, (1985)
Mal88. Von der Malsburg, C.: Pattern recognition by labelled graph matching.Neural Networks, 7, 1019–1030, (1988)
Man80a. Mandelbrot, B.: Fractal aspects of the iteration of z �→ λz(1 − z) forcomplex λ, z, Annals NY Acad. Sci. 357, 249–259, (1980)
Man80b. Mandelbrot, B.: The Fractal Geometry of Nature. WH Freeman, Co.,New York, (1980)
Mar99. Marsden, J.E.: Elementary Theory of Dynamical Systems. Lecture notes.CDS, Caltech, (1999)
May73. May, R.M. (ed.): Stability and Complexity in Model Ecosystems. Prince-ton Univ. Press, Princeton, NJ, (1973)
May76. May, R.: Simple Mathematical Models with Very Complicated Dynamics.Nature, 261(5560), 459–467, (1976)
May76. May, R.M. (ed.): Theoretical Ecology: Principles and Applications. Black-well Sci. Publ. (1976)
May92. Mayer, R.E.: Thinking, problem solving and cognition. Second edition.New York: W. H. Freeman, Company, (1992)
MB98. Meyer, D.A., Brown, T.A.: Statistical mechanics of voting. Phys. Rev.Lett. 81, 1718–1721, (1998)
MDC85. Martinis, J.M., Devoret, M.H., Clarke, J.: Energy-Level Quantization inthe Zero-Voltage State of a Current-Biased Josephson Junction. Phys.Rev. Lett. 55, 1543–1546, (1985)
Mes00. Messiah, A.: Quantum Mechanics (two volumes bound as one). DoverPubs, (2000)
Met97. Metzger, M.A.: Applications of nonlinear dynamical systems theory indevelopmental psychology: Motor and cognitive development. NonlinearDynamics, Psychology, Life Sciences, 1, 55–68, (1997)
MF04. Michalewicz, Z., Fogel, D.: How to Solve It: Modern Heuristics, 2nd ed.,Springer-Verlag, (2004)
MGO85. McDonald, S.W., Grebogi, C., Ott, E., Yorke, J.A.: Fractal basin bound-aries. Physica D 17, 125–153, (1985)
Mic06. Michalewicz, Z.: Adaptive Business Intelligence. Talk presented at DSTO-Adelaide, (2006)
Mic99. Michalewicz, Z.: Genetic Algorithms + Data Structures = Evolution Pro-grams. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, (1999)
References 661
Mil56. Miller, G.A.: The magical number seven, plus or minus two: Some limitson our capacity for processing information, Psych. Rev., 63, 81–97, (1956)
Mil99. Milnor, J.: Periodic Orbits, Externals Rays and the Mandelbrot Set. StonyBrook IMS Preprint # 1999/3, (1999)
Mit96. Mitchell, M.: An Introduction to Genetic Algorithms. MIT Press,Cambridge, MA, (1996)
ML81. Morris, C., Lecar, H.: Voltage oscillations in the barnacle giant musclefiber. Biophys. J., 35, 193–213, (1981)
MN95a. Mavromatos, N.E., Nanopoulos, D.V.: A Non-critical String (Liouville)Approach to Brain Microtubules: State Vector reduction and Memorycoding, Capacity. ACT-19/95, CTP-TAMU-55/95, OUTP-95-52P, (1995)
MN95b. Mavromatos, N.E., Nanopoulos, D.V.: Non-Critical String Theory Formu-lation of Microtubule Dynamics and Quantum Aspects of Brain Function.ENSLAPP-A-524/95, (1995)
Moo89. Moore, W.: Schr’odinger: Life and Thought. Cambridge Univ. Press,Cambridge, (1989)
Mos73. Moser, J.: Stable and Random Motions in Dynamical Systems. PrincetonUniv. Press, Princeton, (1973)
Mos96. Mosekilde, E.: Topics in Nonlinear Dynamics: Application to Physics,Biology and Economics. World Scientific, Singapore, (1996)
Mou95. Mould, R.: The inside observer in quantum mechanics. Found. Phys.25(11), 1621–1629, (1995)
Mou98. Mould, R.: Consciousness and Quantum Mechanics. Found. Phys. 28(11),1703–1718, (1998)
Mou99. Mould, R.: Quantum Consciousness. Found. Phys. 29(12), 1951–1961,(1999)
MP43. McCulloch W., Pitts W.: A logical calculus of the ideas imminent in thenervous activity. Bull. Math. Biophys. 5, 115–133, 1943
MP69. Minsky, M., Papert, S.: Perceptrons. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, (1969)MRJ06. Masgrau, L., Roujeinikova, A., Johannissen, L.O., et al.: Atomic Descrip-
tion of an Enzyme Reaction Dominated by Proton Tunneling. Science,312, 237–241, (2006)
MS95. M’ullers, J., Schmid, A.: Resonances in the current-voltage characteristicsof a dissipative Josephson junction. cond-mat/9508035, (1995)
MSM05. Michalewicz, Z., Schmidt, M., Michalewicz, M., Chiriac, C.: A Decision-Support System based on Computational Intelligence: A Case Study.IEEE Intelligent Systems, 20(4), 44–49, (2005)
MTW04. Markram, H, Toledo-Rodriguez, M, Wang, Y, Gupta, A, Silberberg, G,Wu, C.: Interneurons of the neocortical inhibitory system. Nature ReviewNeuroscience, 5,793–807, (2004)
MTW73. Misner, C.W., Thorne, K.S., Wheeler, J.A.: Gravitation. Freeman, SanFrancisco, (1973)
Mur02. Murray, J.D.: Mathematical Biology, Vol. I: An Introduction (3rd ed.),Springer, New York, (2002)
MW00. Mansfield A.J., Wayman J.L.: Best practices in testing, reporting perfor-mance of biometric devices, Issue 1, Report for CESG, BiometricsWorkingGroup, February (2000)
MW02. Mansfield A.J., Wayman J.L., Best practices in testing, reporting perfor-mance of biometric devices, NPL Report CMSC 14/02, Center for Math-ematics, Scientific Computing, National Physical Laboratory, August(2002)
662 References
MWH01. Michel, A.N., Wang, K., Hu, B.: Qualitative Theory of Dynamical Sys-tems (2nd ed.) Dekker, New York, (2001)
Nag74. Nagel, T.: What is it like to be a bat? Philos. Rev. 83, 435–456, (1974)Nan95. Nanopoulos, D.V.: Theory of Brain Function, Quantum Mechanics and
Superstrings. CERN-TH/95128, (1995)NAY60. Nagumo, J., Arimoto, S., Yoshizawa, S.: An active pulse transmission line
simulating 1214-nerve axons, Proc. IRL 50, 2061–2070, (1960)Nay73. Nayfeh, A.H.: Perturbation Methods. Wiley, New York, (1973)New00. Newman, M.E.J.: Models of the small world. J. Stat. Phys. 101, 819,
(2000)NF91. Nitta, T., Furuya, T.: A complex back-propagation learning. Trans. Inf.
Proc. Soc. Jpn., 32(10), 1319–1329, (1991)Nik95. Nikitin, I.N.: Quantum string theory in the space of states in an indefinite
metric. Theor. Math. Phys. 107(2), 589–601, (1995)Nit00. Nitta, T.: An analysis on fundamental structure of complex-valued neu-
ron. Neu. Proc. Let., 12(3), 239–246, (2000)Nit04. Nitta, T.: Reducibility of the Complex-valued Neural Network. Neu. Inf.
Proc., 2(3), 53–56, (2004)Nit97. Nitta, T.: An extension of the back-propagation algorithm to complex
numbers. Neu. Net., 10(8), 1392–1415, (1997)NLG00. Newrock, R.S., Lobb, C.J., Geigenm’uller, U., Octavio, M.: Solid State
Physics. Academic Press, San Diego, Vol. 54, (2000)NML03. Nishikawa, T., Motter, A.E., Lai, Y.C., Hoppensteadt, F.C.: Heterogene-
ity in Oscillator Networks: Are Smaller Worlds Easier to Synchronize?Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 014101, (2003)
NNM00. Nagao, N., Nishimura, H., Matsui, N.: A Neural Chaos Model of Multi-stable Perception. Neural Processing Letters 12(3): 267–276, (2000)
Nor99. Normile, D.: Complex Systems: Building Working Cells ‘in Silico’. Sci-ence, 284, 80, (1999)
NOY95. Nusse, H.E., Ott, E., Yorke, J.A.: Saddle-Node Bifurcations on FractalBasin Boundaries. Phys. Rev. Lett. 75(13), 2482, (1995)
NPT99. Nakamura, Y., Pashkin, Yu.A., Tsai, J.S.: Coherent control of macro-scopic quantum states in a single-Cooper-pair box, Nature, 398, 786–788,(1999)
NR02. Neiman, A.B., Russell, D.F.: Synchronization of Noise-Induced Bursts inNoncoupled Sensory Neurons. Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 138–103, (2002)
NS72. Newell, A., Simon, H.A.: Human problem solving. Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice-Hall, (1972)
NS90. Nijmeijer, H., van der Schaft, A.J.: Nonlinear Dynamical Control Sys-tems, Springer, New York, (1990)
Nun00. Nunez, P.L.: Toward a quantitative description of largescale neocorticaldynamic function, EEG. Beh. Brain Sci. 23, 371–437, (2000)
Nun81. Nunez, P.L.: Electric fields of the brain: the neurophysics of EEG. OxfordUniv. Press, New York, (1981)
Nus87. Nusse, H.E.: Asymptotically Periodic Behaviour in the Dynamics ofChaotic Mappings. SIAM J. Appl. Math. 47, 498, (1987)
NY89. Nusse, H.E., Yorke, J.A.: A procedure for finding numerical trajectorieson chaotic saddles. Physica D 36, 137, (1989)
References 663
NY92. Nusse, H.E., Yorke, J.A.: The equality of fractal dimension and uncer-tainty dimension for certain dynamical systems. Commun. Math. Physics150, 1, (1992)
OCD04. Oswald, A.M., Chacron, M.J., Doiron, B., Bastian, J., Maler, L.: Parallelprocessing of sensory input by bursts, isolated spikes. J Neurosci. 24(18),4351–62, (2004)
OGY90. Ott, E., Grebogi, C., Yorke, J.A.: Controlling chaos. Phys. Rev. Lett.,64, 1196–1199, (1990)
Oja82. Oja, E.: A simplified neuron modeled as a principal component analyzer.J. Math. Biol. 15, 267–273, (1982)
OS94. Ovchinnikov, Yu.N., Schmid, A.: Resonance phenomena in the current-voltage characteristic of a Josephson junction. Phys. Rev. B 50, 6332–6339, (1994)
OSB02. Ott, E., So, P., Barreto, E., Antonsen, T.: The onset of synchronizationin systems of globally coupled chaotic and periodic oscillators. PhysicaD, 173(1–2), 29–51, (2002)
Ose68. Oseledets, V.I.: A Multiplicative Ergodic Theorem: Characteristic Lya-punov Exponents of Dynamical Systems. Trans. Moscow Math. Soc., 19,197–231, (1968)
Ott89. Ottino, J.M.: The kinematics of mixing: stretching, chaos and transport.Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, (1989)
Ott93. Ott, E.: Chaos in dynamical systems. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge,(1993)
PC05. Park, J., Chung, W-K.: Geometric Integration on IEEE Trans. Robotics,21(5), 850–863, (2005)
PC90. Pecora, L.M., Carroll, T.L.: Synchronization in chaotic systems. Phys.Rev. Lett. 64, 821–824, (1990)
PC91. Pecora, L.M., Carroll, T.L.: Driving systems with chaotic signals. Phys.Rev. A 44, 2374–2383, (1991)
PC98. Pecora, L.M., Carroll, T.L.: Master stability functions for synchronizedcoupled systems. Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 2109–2112, (1998)
PD95. Pritchard, W.S., Duke, D.W.: Measuring ‘Chaos’ in the brain: a tutorialreview of EEG dimension estimation. Brain Cog., 27, 353–97, (1995)
PE02. Popper, Karl, Eccles, John: The Self and Its Brain. Springer, (2002)PE34. Pauli, W., Weisskopf, V.: ’Uber die Quantisierung der skalaren relativis-
tischen. Helv. Phys. Acta, 7, 708–731, (1934)Pe89. Penrose, R.: The Emperor’s New Mind. Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford,
(1989)PEL00. Principe, J., Euliano, N., Lefebvre, C.: Neural and Adaptive Systems:
Fundamentals Through Simulations. Wiley, New York, (2000)Pel85. Pelikan, S.: A dynamical meaning of fractal dimension. Trans. Am. Math.
Soc. 292, 695–703, (1985)Pen89. Penrose, R.: The Emperor’s New Mind, Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford,
(1989)Pen94. Penrose, R.: Shadows of the Mind. Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, (1994)Pen97. Penrose, R.: The Large, the Small and the Human Mind. Cambridge Univ.
Press, (1997)Per97. Pert, C.B.: Molecules of Emotion. Scribner, New York, (1997)
664 References
Pes76. Pesin, Ya.B.: Invariant manifold families which correspond to non-vanishing characteristic exponents. Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR Ser. Mat.40(6), 1332–1379, (1976)
Pes77. Pesin, Ya.B.: Lyapunov Characteristic Exponents, Smooth ErgodicTheory. Russ. Math. Surveys, 32(4), 55–114, (1977)
Pet02. Petras, I.: Control of Fractional-Order Chua’s System. J. El. Eng. 53(7-8),219–222, (2002)
Pet93. Peterson, I.: Newton’s Clock: Chaos in the Solar System. W.H. Freeman,San Francisco, (1993)
Pet96. Petrov, V., Showalter, K.: Nonlinear Control from Time-Series. Phys.Rev. Lett. 76, 3312, (1996)
Pet99. Petras, I.: The Fractional-order controllers: Methods for their synthesis,application. J. El. Eng. 9-10, 284–288, (1999)
PGO89. Park, B.-S., Grebogi, C., Ott, E., Yorke, J.A.: Scaling of fractal basinboundaries near intermittency transitions to chaos. Phys. Rev. A 40(3),1576–1581, (1989)
PGY06. Politi, A., Ginelli, F., Yanchuk, S., Maistrenko, Y.: From synchronizationto Lyapunov exponents, back. arXiv:nlin.CD/0605012, (2006)
PHE92. Piaget, J., Henriques, G., Ascher, E.: Morphisms and categories. ErlbaumAssociates, Hillsdale, NJ, (1992)
PHV86. Posch, H.A., Hoover, W.G., Vesely, F.J.: Canonical Dynamics of the NoseOscillator: Stability, Order and Chaos. Phys. Rev. A, 33(6), 4253–4265,(1986)
Pic86. Pickover, C.A.: Computer Displays of Biological Forms Generated FromMathematical Feedback Loops. Computer Graphics Forum, 5, 313, (1986)
Pic87. Pickover, C.A.: Mathematics, Beauty: Time–Discrete Phase PlanesAssociated with the Cyclic System. Computer Graphics Forum, 11, 217,(1987)
Pine97. Pinel, J.P.: Psychobiology. Prentice Hall, New York, (1997)Pink97. Pinker, S. How the Mind Works. Norton, New York, (1997)PJ01. Pauli, W., Jung, C.G.: Atom and Archetype, The Pauli/Jung Letters,
1932–1958. (Meier, C.A. ed.) Princeton Univ. Press., Princeton, New Jer-sey, (2001)
PJ55. Pauli, W., Jung, C.G.: The Interpretation of Nature and the Psyche.Random House. (1955)
PK97. Pikovsky, A., Kurth, J.: Coherence Resonance in a Noise-Driven ExcitableSystems. Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 775–778, (1997)
PM80. Pomeau, Y., Manneville, P.: Intermittent transition to turbulence in dissi-pative dynamical systems. Commun. Math. Phys. 74(2), 189–197, (1980)
PMW00. Phillips, P.J., Martin A., Wilson C.L., Przybocki M.: An introduction toevaluating biometric systems. IEEE Computer, 56–63, February (2000)
Pol45. Polya, G. How to Solve It. Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, NJ, (1945)Pop00. Pope, S.B.: Turbulent Flows. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, (2000)POR97. Pikovsky, A., Osipov, G., Rosenblum, M., Zaks, M., Kurths, J.: Attractor–
repeller collision and eyelet intermittency at the transition to phase syn-chronization. Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 47–50, (1997)
Pri71. Pribram, K.H.: Languages of the brain. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs,N.J., (1971)
Pri91. Pribram, K.H.: Brain and perception. Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, N.J.,(1991)
References 665
PRK01. Pikovsky, A., Rosenblum, M., Kurths, J.: Synchronization: A UniversalConcept in Nonlinear Sciences. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, UK,(2001)
PS90. Preparata, F.P., Shamos, M.I.: Computational geometry. Springer, NewYork, 1990.
PT93. Palis, J., Takens, F.: Hyperbolicity, sensitive-chaotic dynamics at homo-clinic bifurcations. Cambridge Univ. Press, (1993)
PTB86. Pokrovsky, V.L., Talapov, A.L., Bak, P.: In Solitons, 71–127, edited byTrullinger, Zakharov, Pokrovsky. Elsevier Science, (1986)
Pul05. Pulverm’uller, F.: Brain mechanicsms kinking language and action. Na-ture Rev. Neurosci. 6, 576–582, (2005)
Put93. Puta, M.: Hamiltonian Mechanical Systems and Geometric Quantization,Kluwer, Dordrecht, (1993)
PV03. Pessa, E., Vitiello, G.: Quantum noise, entanglement and chaos in thequantum field theory of mind/brain states, Mind, Matter, 1, 59–79, (2003)
PV04. Pessa, E., Vitiello, G.: Quantum noise induced entanglement and chaos inthe dissipative quantum model of brain, Int. J. Mod. Phys. B, 18 841–858,(2004)
PV88. Palis, J., Viana, M.: Continuity of Hausdorff dimension and limit capacity.Lecture Notes in Math. 1331, 150–161, Springer Verlag, Berling, (1988)
PV99. Pessa, E., Vitiello, G.: Quantum dissipation and neural net dynamics.Biolectrochem. Bioener., 48, 339–342, (1999)
Pyr92. Pyragas, K.: Continuous control of chaos, by self-controlling feedback.Phys. Lett. A, 170, 421–428, (1992)
Pyr95. Pyragas, K.: Control of chaos via extended delay feedback. Phys. Lett.A, 206, 323–330, (1995)
PZR97. Pikovsky, A., Zaks, M., Rosenblum, M., Osipov, G., Kurths, J.: Phasesynchronization of chaotic oscillations in terms of periodic orbits. Chaos7, 680, (1997)
Rab89. Rabiner, L.R.: A Tutorial on Hidden Markov Models and Selected Appli-cations in Speech Recognition. Proceedings of the IEEE, 77(2), 257–286,February (1989)
Raj82. Rajaraman, R.: Solitons, Instantons. North-Holland, Amsterdam, (1982)RAO00. Robert, C., Alligood, K.T., Ott, E., Yorke, J.A.: Explosions of chaotic
sets. Physica D 144, 44 (2000)Rat78. Ratcliff, R.: A theory of memory retrieval. Psych. Rev., 85, 59–108, (1978)Rav02. Raven, J.: Intelligence, Engineered Invisibility and the Destruction of Life
on Earth. In: R.K. McKinzey (ed.) WebPsychEmpiricist, WPE, (2002)RBT01. Roe, R.M., Busemeyer, J.R., Townsend, J.T.: Multi-alternative decision
field theory: A dynamic connectionist model of decision making. Psych.Rev., 108, 370–392, (2001)
RG98. Rao, A.S., Georgeff, M.P.: Decision Procedures for BDI Logics. Journalof Logic and Computation, 8(3), 292–343, (1998)
RGL99. Rodriguez, E., George, N., Lachaux, J., Martinerie, J., Renault, B.,Varela, F.: Long-distance synchronization of human brain activity. Na-ture, 397, 430, (1999)
RGS99. Reinagel, P., Godwin, D., Sherman, S.M., Koch, C.: Encoding of visualinformation by LGN bursts. J Neurophysiol. 81, 2558–69, (1999)
666 References
RH89. Rose, R.M., Hindmarsh, J.L.: The assembly of ionic currents in a thalamicneuron. I The three-dimensional model. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B, 237, 267–288, (1989)
Rho61. Rhodes, M.: An analysis of creativity. Phi Delta Kappan 42, 305–311,(1961)
Rin85. Rinzel, J.: Bursting oscillations in an excitable membrane model. In:Sleeman B.D., Jarvis R.J., eds. Ordinary, partial Differential Equations.Proceedings of the 8th Dundee Conference. Lecture Notes in Mathemat-ics, 1151. Springer, Berlin, (1985)
Rit02. Ritchey, T.: General Morphological Analysis: A general method for non-quantified modelling. http://www.swemorph.com/ma.html, (2002)
RN03. Russel, S., Norvig, P.: Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach. Pren-tice Hall, New Jersey, (2003)
Rob79. Robbins, K.: Periodic solutions and bifurcation structure at high r in theLorenz system. SIAM J. Appl. Math. 36, 457–472, (1979)
Rob83. Robinson, H.: Aristotelian dualism. Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy1, 123–44, (1983)
Rob95. Robinson, C.: Dynamical Systems. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL, (1995)ROH98. Rosa, E., Ott, E., Hess, M.H.: Transition to Phase Synchronization of
Chaos. Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 1642–1645, (1998)Ros58b. Rosenblatt F.: The perceptron: a probabilistic model for information stor-
age and organization in the brain. Physiol. Rev., 65, 386–408, (1958)Rot01. Roth, G.: The brain and its reality. Cognitive Neurobiology and its philo-
sophical consequences. Frankfurt a.M.: Aufl. Suhrkamp, (2001)RPG94. Rasmussen, J., Pejtersen, A.M., Goodstein, L.P.: Cognitive Systems En-
gineering. Wiley, New York, (1994)RPK96. Rosenblum, M., Pikovsky, A., Kurths, J.: Phase synchronization of
chaotic oscillators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 1804, (1996)RPK97. Rosenblum, M., Pikovsky, A., Kurths, J.: From Phase to Lag Synchro-
nization in Coupled Chaotic Oscillators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 4193–4196,(1997)
RPW97. Robinson, P.A., Rennie, C.J., Wright, J.J.: Propagation and stability ofwaves of electrical activity in the cerebral cortex. Phys. Rev. E 56(1),826–40, (1997)
RS75. Reed, M., Simon, B.: Methods of modern mathematical physics, Vol. 2:Fourier analysis, self-adjointness. Academic Press, San Diego, (1975)
RSE82. van Rotterdam, A., Lopes da Silva, F.H., van den Ende, J., Viergever,M.A., Hermans, A.J.: A model of the spatialtemporal characteristics ofthe alpha rhythm. Bul. Mat. Bio 44(2), 283–305, (1982)
RU67. Ricciardi, L.M., Umezawa, H.: Brain physics and many-body problems,Kibernetik, 4, 44, (1967)
Rul01. Rulkov, N.F.: Regularization of Synchronized Chaotic Bursts. Phys. Rev.Lett. 86, 183–186, (2001)
Rus18. Russell, B.: Mysticism, Logic and Other Essays, London: Longmans,Green, (1918)
Ryd96. Ryder, L.: Quantum Field Theory. Cambridge Univ. Press, (1996)RYD96. Ryu, S., Yu, W., Stroud, D.: Dynamics of an underdamped Josephson-
junction ladder. Phys. Rev. E 53, 2190–2195, (1996)Ryl49. Ryle, G.: The Concept of Mind. Chicago: Chicago Univ. Press, (1949)
References 667
Sam01. Samal, M.K.: Speculations on a Unified Theory of Matter and Mind.Proc. Int. Conf. Science, Metaphysics: A Discussion on Consciousness,Genetics. NIAS, Bangalore, India, (2001)
Sam89. Davies, P.: The New Physics. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge (1989)Sam95. Samuels, A.: Jung and the Post-Jungians. Routledge, London, (1985)Sam99. Samal, M.K.: Can Science ‘explain’ Consciousness? Proc. Nat. Conf.
Scientific, Philosophical Studies on Consciousness, ed. Sreekantan, B.V.et al., NIAS, Bangalore, India, (1999)
SB98. Sutton, R.S., Barto, A.G.: Reinforcement Learning: An Introduction.MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, (1998)
SC91. Stanovich, K.E., Cunningham, A.E.: Reading as constrained reasoning. InR.J. Sternberg, P.A. Frensch (eds.), Complex problem solving: Principles,mechanisms (3–60) Hillsdale, NJ: Lawr. Erl. Assoc., (1991)
Sch02. Schmaltz, T.: Nicolas Malebranche, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Phi-losophy, Stanford, (2002)
Sch06. Scholarpedia, http://www.scholarpedia.org, (2006)Sch81. Schulman, L.S.: Techniques and Applications of Path Integration. New
York: Wiley, (1981)Sch85. Schoenfeld, A.H.: Mathematical problem solving. Orlando, FL: Academic
Press, (1985)Sch88. Schuster, H.G. (ed.): Handbook of Chaos Control. Wiley-VCH, (1999)Sch94. Schiff S.J. et al.: Controlling chaos in the brain. Nature 370, 615–620,
(1994)Sch98. Schlacher, K.: Mathematical Strategies Common to Mechanics, Control,
Zeits. Math. Mech., 78(11), 723–730 (1998)Sea80. John Searle: Minds, Brains and Programs. Behav. Brain Sci. 3(3), 417–
457, (1980)Ser99. Service, R.F.: Complex Systems: Exploring the Systems of Life. Science
284, 80, (1999)SF91. Sternberg, R.J., Frensch, P.A. (eds.): Complex problem solving: Princi-
ples, mechanisms. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawr. Erl. Assoc., (1991)Sha06. Sharma, S.: An Exploratory Study of Chaos in Human-Machine System
Dynamics. IEEE Trans. SMC B. 36(2), 319–326, (2006)She01. Sherman, S.M.: Tonic, burst firing: dual modes of thalamocortical relay.
Trends in Neuroscience, 24, 122–126, (2001)Si89. Sastri, S.S., Isidori, A.: Adaptive control of linearizable systems. IEEE
Trans. Aut. Con., 34(1), 1123–1131, (1989)Sim51. Simpson, E.H.: The Interpretation of Interaction in Contingency Tables.
J. Roy. Stat. Soc. B 13, 238–241, (1951)Sio05. Sioutis, C.: Reasoning, learning for intelligent agents. PhD thesis, Univ.
SA, Adelaide, SA, (2005)SIT95. Shea, H.R., Itzler, M.A., Tinkham, M.: Inductance effects and dimen-
sionality crossover in hybrid superconducting arrays Phys. Rev. B 51,12690–12697, (1995)
Siv77. Sivashinsky, G.I.: Nonlinear analysis of hydrodynamical instability in lam-inar flames – I. Derivation of basic equations. Acta Astr. 4, 1177, (1977)
SJD94. Schiff, S.J., Jerger, K., Duong, D.H., Chang, T., Spano, M.L., Ditto, W.L.:Controlling chaos in the brain. Nature, 370, 615–620, (1994)
668 References
SKG93. Shidara, M., Kawano, K., Gomi, H., Kawato, M.: Inverse-dynamics modeleye movement control by Purkinje cells in the cerebellum. Nature, 365,50–52, (1993)
Ski72. Skinner, B.F.: Beyond Freedom, Dignity. New York: Bantam/VintageBooks, (1972)
SL00. Sprott, J.C., Linz, S.J.: Algebraically Simple Chaotic Flows. Int. J. ChaosTheory, Appl., 5(2), 3–22, (2000)
SL99. Sternberg, R.J., Lubart, T.I.: The Concept of Creativity: Prospects andParadigms, ed. Sternberg, R.J. Handbook of Creativity. Cambridge Univ.Press, Cambridge, (1999)
SM00. Smierzchalski, R., Michalewicz, Z.: Modeling of Ship Trajectory in Colli-sion Situations by an Evolutionary Algorithm. IEEE Trans. Evol. Comp.4(3), 227–241, (2000)
Sm88. Strogatz, S.H., Mirollo, R.E.: Phase-locking and critical phenomena inlattices of coupled nonlinear oscillators with random intrinsic frequencies.Physica D 31, 143, (1988)
SM91. Sokol, S.M., McCloskey, M.: Cognitive mechanisms in calculation. InR.J. Sternberg, P.A. Frensch (eds.), Complex problem solving: Princi-ples, mechanisms (85–116) Hillsdale, NJ: Lawr. Erl. Assoc., (1991)
Sno75. Snodgrass, J.G.: Psychophysics. In: Experimental Sensory Psychology. BScharf. (ed.), 17–67, (1975)
Sny86. Snyder, S.H.: Drugs and the Brain. Scientific American Library, W.H.Freeman, Co., New York, (1986)
SO00. Sweet D., Ott E.: Fractal dimension of higher-dimensional chaotic repel-lors. Physica D 139(1), 1–27, (2000)
Spa82. Sparrow, C.: The Lorenz Equations: Bifurcations, Chaos and StrangeAttractors. Springer, New York, (1982)
Spi670. Spinoza, B.: Tractatus Theologico–Politicus (A Theologico-Political Trea-tise), (1670)
Spr93a. Sprott, J.C.: Automatic Generation of Strange Attractors. Comput.Graphics, 17(3), 325–332, (1993)
Spr93b. Sprott, J.C.: Strange Attractors: Creating Patterns in Chaos. M&TBooks, New York, (1993)
Spr94. Sprott, J.C.: Some Simple Chaotic Flows. Phys. Rev. E, 50(2), R647–R650, (1994)
Spr97. Sprott, J.C.: Some Simple Chaotic Jerk Functions. Am. J. Phys., 65(6),537–543, (1997)
SRK98. C. Schafer, M.G. Rosenblum, J. Kurths, H.-H Abel: Heartbeat Synchro-nized with Ventilation. Nature 392, 239–240 (1998)
SRV04. Stoico, C., Renzi, D., Vericat, F.: From Darwin to Sommerfeld: Geneticalgorithms and the electron gas. arXiv:cond-mat/0412239, (2004)
SS01. Scholkopf, B., Smola, A.: Leaning with Kernels. MIT Press, Cambridge,MA, (2001)
SSK87. Sakaguchi, H., Shinomoto, S., Kuramoto, Y.: Local and global self-entrainments in oscillator-lattices. Prog. Theor. Phys. 77, 1005–1010,(1987)
Sta83. Stapp, H.P.: Exact solution of the infrared problem. Phys. Phys. Rev. D28, 1386–1418, (1983)
Sta93. Stapp, H.P.: Mind, Matter and Quantum Mechanics. Spinger-Verlag,Heidelberg, (1993)
References 669
Sta95. Stapp, H.P.: Chance, Choice and Consciousness: The Role of Mind in theQuantum Brain. arXiv:quant-ph/9511029, (1995)
Ste69. Sternberg, S.: Memory-scanning: Mental processes revealed by reaction-time experiments. Am. Sci., 57(4), 421–457, (1969)
Ste95. Sternberg, R.J.: Conceptions of expertise in complex problem solving: Acomparison of alternative conceptions. In P.A. Frensch, J. Funke (eds.),Complex problem solving: The European Perspective (295–321) Hillsdale,NJ: Lawr. Erl. Assoc., (1995)
Sto05. Stoljar, D.: Physicalism. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy,Stanford, (2005)
Sto90. Stonier, T.: Information and the internal structure of the Universe.Springer, New York, (1990)
Str. Strogatz, S.H.: Exploring complex networks. Nature, 410, 268, (2001)Str00. Strogatz, S.H.: From Kuramoto to Crawford: exploring the onset of syn-
chronization in populations of coupled oscillators. Physica D, 143, 1–20,(2000)
Str94. Strogatz, S.: Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos. Addison-Wesley, Reading,MA, (1994)
STU78. Stuart, C.I.J., Takahashi, Y., Umezawa, H.: On the stability, non-localproperties of memory, J. Theor. Biol. 71, 605–618, (1978)
STU79. Stuart, C.I.J., Takahashi, Y., Umezawa, H.: Mixed system brain dynam-ics: neural memory as a macroscopic ordered state, Found. Phys. 9, 301,(1979)
STZ93. Sataric, M.V., Tuszynski, J.A., Zakula, R.B.: Kinklike excitations as anenergy-transfer mechanism in microtubules. Phys. Rev. E, 48, 589–597,(1993)
SUK01. Su, H, Alroy G, Kirson ED, Yaari Y.: Extracellular calcium modulatespersistent sodium current-dependent burst-firing in hippocampal pyrami-dal neurons. J. Neurosci. 21, 4173–4182, (2001)
SVW95. Srivastava, Y.N., Vitiello, G., Widom, A.: Quantum dissipation and quan-tum noise, Annals Phys., 238, 200, (1995)
SW90. Sassetti, M., Weiss, U.: Universality in the dissipative two-state system.Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 2262–2265, (1990)
SWV99. Srivastava, Y.N., Widom, A., Vitiello, G.: Quantum measurements, in-formation and entropy production. Int. J. Mod. Phys. B13, 3369–3382,(1999)
SZT98. Sataric, M.V., Zekovic, S., Tuszynski, J.A., Pokorny, J.: M’ossbauer effectas a possible tool in detecting nonlinear excitations in microtubules. Phys.Rev. E 58, 6333–6339, (1998)
Tan93. Tanaka, K.: Neuronal mechanisms of object recogntition. Science, 262,685–688, (1993)
Tay88. Taylor, C.W.: Various approaches to, definitions of creativity, ed. Stern-berg, R.J. The nature of creativity: Contemporary psychological perspec-tives. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, (1988)
TF91. Tsue, Y., Fujiwara, Y.: Time-Dependent Variational Approach to (1+1)-Dimensional Scalar-Field Solitons, Progr. Theor. Phys. 86(2), 469–489,(1991)
Tho75. Thom, R.: Structural Stability and Morphogenesis. Addison–Wesley,Reading, (1975)
670 References
Tin75. Tinkham, M.: Introduction to Superconductivity. McGraw-Hill, NewYork, (1975)
TLO97. Tanaka, H.A., Lichtenberg, A.J., Oishi, S.: First Order Phase TransitionResulting from Finite Inertia in Coupled Oscillator Systems. Phys. Rev.Lett. 78, 2104–2107, (1997)
TLO97. Tanaka, H.A., Lichtenberg, A.J., Oishi, S.: Self-synchronization of coupledoscillators. with hysteretic response. Physica D 100, 279, (1997)
TM01. Trees, B.R., Murgescu, R.A.: Phase locking in Josephson ladders andthe discrete sine-Gordon equation: The effects of boundary conditions,current-induced magnetic fields. Phys. Rev. E 64, 046205–046223, (2001)
TMO00. Tras, E., Mazo, J.J., Orlando, T.P.: Discrete Breathers in Nonlinear Lat-tices: Experimental Detection in a Josephson Array. Phys. Rev. Lett. 84,741, (2000)
TRW98. Tass, P., Rosenblum, M.G., Weule, J., Kurths, J. et al.: Detection of n : mPhase Locking from Noisy Data: Application to Magnetoencephalogra-phy. Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 3291–3294, (1998)
TS01. Thompson, J.M.T., Stewart, H.B.: Nonlinear Dynamics, Chaos: Geomet-rical Methods for Engineers, Scientists. Wiley, New York, (2001)
TS91. Thompson, J.M.T., Soliman, M.S.: Indeterminate jumps to resonancefrom a tangled saddle-node bifurcation. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 432, 101–111, (1991)
TSS05. Trees, B.R., Saranathan, V., Stroud, D.: Synchronization in disorderedJosephson junction arrays: Small-world connections and the Kuramotomodel. Phys. Rev. E 71, 016215–016235, (2005)
TVP99. Tabony, J., Vuillard, L., Papaseit, C.: Biological self-organisation, pat-tern formation by way of microtubule reaction-diffusion processes. Adv.Complex Syst. 2(3), 221–276, (1999)
Ume93. Umezawa, H.: Advanced field theory: micro, macro and thermal concepts.American Institute of Physics, New York, (1993)
UMM93. Ustinov, A.V., Cirillo, M., Malomed, B.A.: Fluxon dynamics in one-dimensional Josephson-junction arrays. Phys. Rev. B 47, 8357–8360,(1993)
Vaa95. Van der Vaart, N.C. et al.: Resonant Tunneling Through Two DiscreteEnergy States. Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 4702–4705, (1995)
Vap95. Vapnik, V.: The Nature of Statistical Learning Theory. Springer, NewYork, (1995)
Vap98. Vapnik, V.: Statistical Learning Theory. Wiley, New York, (1998)VB04. Vukobratovic, M., Borovac, B.: Zero–Moment Point: Thirty–five Years of
its Life. Int. J. Hum. Rob., 1(1), 157–173, (2004)VBB05. Vukobratovic M., Borovac B., Babkovic K.: Contribution to the study of
anthropomorphism of humanoid robots. Int. J. Hum. Rob. 2(3), (2005)VBP06. Vukobratovic, M., Borovac, B., Potkonjak, V.: Towards a Unified Under-
standing of Basic Notions and Terms in Humanoid Robotics. Int. J. Hum.Rob. (to appear), (2006)
VBS90. Vukobratovic, M., Borovac, B., Surla, D., Stokic, D.: Biped Locomotion –Dynamics, Stability, Control and Application. Springer-Verlag, Berlin,(1990)
Ver838. Verhulst, P.F.: Notice sur la loi que la population pursuit dans sonaccroissement. Corresp. Math. Phys. 10, 113–121, (1838)
References 671
Ver845. Verhulst, P.F.: Recherches Mathematiques sur La Loi D’Accroissementde la Population (Mathematical Researches into the Law of PopulationGrowth Increase) Nouveaux Memoires de l’Academie Royale des Scienceset Belles-Lettres de Bruxelles, 18(1), 1–45, (1845)
VHC73. Vukobratovic, M., Hristic, D., Ciric, V., Zecevic, M.: Analysis of EnergyDemand Distribution Within Anthropomorphic System, Trans. of ASME,Series G, J. Dyn. Sys. Meas. Con., 17, 191–242, (1973)
Vir00. Virgin, L.N.: Introduction to Experimental Nonlinear Dynamics.Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, (2000)
Vit01. Vitiello, G.: My Double Unveiled. John Benjamins, Amsterdam, (2001)Vit95. Vitiello, G.: Dissipation and memory capacity in the quantum brain
model, Int. J. Mod. Phys. B, 9, 973–989, (1995)VJ69. Vukobratovic, M., Juricic, D: Contribution to the Synthesis of Biped Gait.
IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., 16, 1, (1969)Vos99. Vose, M.D.: The Simple Genetic Algorithm: Foundations and Theory.
MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, (1999)Vuk73. Vukobratovic, M.: How to Control the Artificial Anthropomorphic Sys-
tems. IEEE Trans. Sys. Man. Cyber. SMC-3, 497–507, (1973)Vuk75. Vukobratovic, M.: Legged Locomotion Systems and Anthropomorphic
Mechanisms. Mihajlo Pupin Institute, Belgrade, (1975); also publishedin Japanese, Nikkan Shimbun Ltd. Tokyo, in Russian, MIR, Moscow,1976; in Chinese, Beijing 1983.
VWL91. Voss, J.F., Wolfe, C.R., Lawrence, J.A., Engle, R.A.: From representationto decision: An analysis of problem solving in international relations. In R.J. Sternberg, P.A. Frensch (eds.), Complex problem solving: Principles,mechanisms (119–158) Hillsdale, NJ: Lawr. Erl. Assoc., (1991)
Vyg82. Vygotsky, L.S. Historical meaning of the Psychological crisis. Collectedworks. Vol. 1. Pedag. Publ., Moscow, (1982)
Wag91. Wagner, R.K.: Managerial problem solving. In R. J. Sternberg, P. A.Frensch (eds.), Complex problem solving: Principles, mechanisms (159–183) Hillsdale, NJ: Lawr. Erl. Assoc., (1991)
Wat90. Watson, L.T.: Globally convergent homotopy algorithms for nonlinearsystems of equations. Nonlinear Dynamics, 1, 143–191, (1990)
Wat99. Watts, D.J.: Small Worlds. Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, (1999)WBI. Weng, G., Bhalla, U.S., Iyengar, R.: Complexity in Biological Signaling
Systems. Science, 284, 92, (1999)WC02. Wang, X.F., Chen, G.: Synchronization in small-world dynamical net-
works. Int. J. Bifur. Chaos 12, 187, (2002)WCS96. Wiesenfeld, K., Colet, P., Strogatz, S.H.: Synchronization Transitions in a
Disordered Josephson Series Array. Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 404–407, (1996)WCS98. Wiesenfeld, K., Colet, P., Strogatz, S.H.: Frequency locking in Josephson
arrays: Connection with the Kuramoto model. Phys. Rev. E 57, 1563–1569, (1998)
Wei36. Weiss, P.: Proc. Roy. Soc., A 156, 192–220, (1936)Wer89. Werbos, P.J.: Backpropagation, neurocontrol: A review and prospectus.
In IEEE/INNS Int. Joint Conf. Neu. Net., Washington, D.C., 1, 209–216,(1989)
Wer90. Werbos, P.: Backpropagation through time: what it does, how to do it.Proc. IEEE, 78 (10), (1990)
672 References
WF49. Wheeler, J.A., Feynman, R.P.: Classical Electrodynamics in Terms ofDirect Interparticle Action. Rev. Mod. Phys. 21, 425–433, (1949)
Whe89. Wheeler, J.A.: Information, Physics and Quantum: the Search for theLinks. Proc. 3rd Int. symp. Foundations of Quantum Mechanics, Tokyo,354–368, (1989)
Wig90. Wiggins, S.: Introduction to Applied Dynamical Systems, Chaos.Springer, New York, (1990)
Wik05. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. http://wikipedia.org, (2005)Wil99. Wilczek, F.: Getting its from bits, Nature 397, 303–306, (1999)Win67. Winfree, A.T.: Biological rhythms and the behavior of populations of
coupled oscillators. J. Theor. Biol. 16, 15, (1967)Win80. Winfree, A.T.: The Geometry of Biological Time. Springer, New York,
(1980)Wis95. Wiskott, L.: Labeled Graphs and Dynamic Link Matching for Face Recog-
nition, Scene Analysis. PhD thesis, Fakultat f’ur Physik und Astronomie,Ruhr-Universitat Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, (1995)
WK02. Womack, M.D., Khodakhah, K.: Active contribution of dendrites to thetonic and trimodal patterns of activity in cerebellar Purkinje neurons. JNeurosci. 15(24), 10603–10612, (2002)
WK98. Wolpert, D., Kawato, M.: Multiple paired forward, inverse models formotor control. Neural Networks, 11, 1317–1329, (1998)
WM06. Wojtusiak, J., Michalski, R.S.: The LEM3 Implementation of LearnableEvolution Model and Its Testing on Complex Function OptimizationProblems, Proceedings of Genetic, Evolutionary Computation Confer-ence, GECCO 2006, Seattle, WA, (2006)
Wol02. Wolfram, S.: A New Kind of Science. Wolfram Media, (2002)Wol84. Wolfram, S.: Cellular Automata as Models of Complexity. Nature, 311,
419–424, (1984)Woo00. Wooldridge, M: Reasoning about rational agents. MIT Press, Boston,
MA, (2000)WS97. Watanabe, S., Swift, J.W.: Stability of periodic solutions in series arrays
of Josephson junctions with internal capacitance. J. Nonlinear Sci. 7, 503,(1997)
WS98. Watts, D.J., Strogatz, S.H.: Collective dynamics of small-world networks.Nature 393, 440, (1998)
WSS85. Wolf, A., Swift, J.B., Swinney, H.L., Vastano, J.A.: Determining Lya-punov Exponents from a Time Series. Physica D, 16(3), 285–317, (1985)
WSZ95. Watanabe, S., Strogatz, S.H., van der Zant, H.S.J., Orlando, T.P.:Whirling Modes, Parametric Instabilities in the Discrete Sine-GordonEquation: Experimental Tests in Josephson Rings. Phys. Rev. Lett. 74,379–382, (1995)
WW83a. Wehner, M.F., Wolfer, W.G.: Numerical evaluation of path–integral solu-tions to Fokker–Planck equations. I., Phys. Rev. A 27, 2663–2670, (1983)
WW83b. Wehner, M.F., Wolfer, W.G.: Numerical evaluation of path–integral so-lutions to Fokker–Planck equations. II. Restricted stochastic processes,Phys. Rev. A, 28, 3003–3011, (1983)
WZ98. Waelbroeck, H., Zertuche, F.: Discrete Chaos. J. Phys. A 32, 175, (1998)WZZ03. Williams, R.H., Zimmerman, D.W., Zumbo, B.D., Ross, D.: Charles
Spearman: British Behavioral Scientist. Human Nature Review. 3, 114–118, (2003)
References 673
Yag87. Yager, R.R.: Fuzzy Sets and Applications: Selected Papers by L.A. Zadeh,Wiley, New York, (1987)
YAS96. Yorke, J.A., Alligood, K., Sauer, T.: Chaos: An Introduction to Dynam-ical Systems. Springer, New York, (1996)
Yeo92. Yeomans, J.M.: Statistical Mechanics of Phase Transitions. Oxford Univ.Press, Oxford, (1992)
YL97. Yalcinkaya, T., Lai, Y.-C.: Phase Characterization of Chaos. Phys. Rev.Lett. 79, 3885–3888, (1997)
YML00. Yanchuk, S., Maistrenko, Yu., Lading, B., Mosekilde, E.: Effects of a para-meter mismatch on the synchronizatoin of two coupled chaotic oscillators.Int. J. Bifurcation, Chaos 10, 2629–2648, (2000)
Zad65. Zadeh, L.A.: Fuzzy sets. Inform. Contr. 8, 338–353, (1965)Zad78. Zadeh, L.A.: Fuzzy sets as a basis for a theory of possibility. Fuzzy Sets,
Systems, 1(1), 3–28, (1978)Zha84. Zhadin, M.N.: Rhythmic processes in the cerebral cortex. J. The. Bio.
108, 565–95, (1984)Zwi69. Zwicky, F.: Discovery, Invention and Research – Through the Morpholog-
ical Approach. Macmillian, Toronto, (1969)
Index
ability to think abstractly, 2
absorption and emission operators, 484
abstract intelligent agent, 71
abstraction, 23
access control, 125
action, 504
action estimates, 136
action functional, 504
action of the flow, 287
action value function, 133
action–amplitude picture, 592
activation derivative, 209
activation dynamics, 210
Adaline, 189
adaptation, 111, 176
adaptive filter, 210
adaptive Lie–derivative controller, 448
adaptive motor control, 456
adaptive path integral, 506, 592, 594,595
adaptive resonance theory, 213
adaptive sensory–motor control, 215
adaptive system, 186
additive fuzzy system, 228
affine Hamiltonian function, 446
agent theory, 167
Airy functions, 364
algorithm theory, 237
algorithmic learning theory, 128
alife, 254
all possible routes, 501
all the routes, 504
alpha, 447
ambivert, 110amplitude, 500, 502
analytic philosophy, 103analytical philosophy, 101analytical psychology, 106
and, 358Andronov–Hopf bifurcation, 294anima, 108
animus, 108ant colony optimization, 251antecedent, 216
anti–control of chaos, 281antibody, 256antibody hypermutation, 256
antigen, 256archetypal psychology, 109archetype, 107
archetypes, 109area–preserving map, 323array of N Josephson Junctions, 611
arrow of time, 559artificial evolution, 240artificial immune system, 255
artificial immune systems , 237artificial intelligence, 111artificial life, 237, 254
artificial neural network, 186atmospheric convection, 315attack function, 215
attracting equilibrium points, 302attracting fixed points, 302attracting focus, 289
attracting Jordan node, 289
676 Index
attracting line, 289attracting node, 289attracting spiral, 289attractor, 302, 314attractor associative memory ANNs,
206attractor of the Poincare map, 293attractors, 313autogenetic motor servo, 447Avida, 255axiom schemata, 141axiomatic system, 102axioms, 141
backpropagation, 194backpropagation algorithm, 115backtracking, 142Backus–Naur form, 143backward evolution, 396Baker map, 325barrier to scientific prediction, 314base variable, 220basin of attraction, 302, 314basins of attraction, 323Baum–Welch algorithm, 158Bayes’ theorem, 161, 162Bayesian inference, 128Bayesian probability, 128Bayesian statistics, 121behaviorism, 8, 102belief–desire–intention agents, 167bell curve, 47Bell test experiments, 522Bell’s theorem, 524Bellman equation, 155Belouzov–Zhabotinski reaction, 378best known future action, 136Betti numbers, 449Bhagavad Gita, 160bifurcation, 280, 293bifurcation diagram, 321bifurcation point, 278bifurcations, 313bijective, 26binary signals, 209binary system, 99Binet IQ test, 45bio–diversity, 321bioinformatics, 158
biological complexity, 440biological control laws, 440biomorph, 327biomorphic systems, 327bipolar signals, 209block entropy, 330Bloom’s Taxonomy, 11blue–sky bifurcation, 295body motion manifold, 456Boolean functions, 426bootstraping, 134Born–Dirac rule, 538Bose–Einstein condensate, 502Bose–Einstein statistics, 484Bourbaki, 25box–counting dimension, 314, 335, 360bra–covectors, 502bra–ket, 502Brahman, 100brain, 455brain dynamics, 274, 281brain motion manifold, 456brainstorming, 29brute force, 155Buddha, 39Burgers dynamical system, 374butterfly effect, 279, 314, 316
calculus, 99candidate solutions, 237canonical quantization, 465Cantor set, 259capacity dimension, 325, 381capture time, 367carrying capacity, 320Cartesian coordinate system, 95case–based reasoning, 7cat map matrix, 351catastrophe theory, 294catastrophes, 280, 295categorial abstraction, 105Cauchy–Schwarz inequality, 49causal Bayesian network, 159causal relations, 159cellular automata, 114, 251cellular automaton, 251center, 289cerebellar robotics, 438ch’i, 110
Index 677
chaos, 285chaos control, 274, 295, 379chaotic attractor, 274chaotic behavior, 94chaotic saddle, 336Chapman–Kolmogorov equation, 153Chapman–Kolmogorov integro–
differential equation, 154character, 2character structure, 36characteristic equation, 472characteristic Lyapunov exponents, 380charging energy, 626Chebyshev polynomial fitting problem,
254Chomsky hierarchy, 21chromosome, 246Chua–Matsumoto circuit, 378Church’s theorem, 138Church’s thesis, 138Church—Turing thesis, 138circle map, 324classification, 123, 163classify, 59Clifford algebras, 38clonal selection algorithms, 256closure property, 474co–active neuro–fuzzy inference system,
204code, 558coefficient of determination, 46cognitive agent, 71cognitive architecture, 70cognitive information processing, 213cognitive linguistics, 19cognitive science, 1cognitive test scores, 45Cohen–Grossberg activation equations,
214Cohen–Grossberg theorem, 215coherent quantum oscillations, 608collective unconscious, 107, 109collision–avoidance problem, 268combinatorial optimization, 237combinatorial route, 504common factor analysis, 54communalities, 54communication studies, 18commutation relations, 486
competitive learning, 254
complement, 220
complete set of all possible states, 503
complete synchronization, 402
complex adaptive systems, 242
complex number, 500, 502
complex–valued ANNs, 207
complex–valued generalization, 500
complexity, 424
composite Hilbert space, 476
computational complexity, 124
computational complexity theory, 237
Computational Intelligence, 112
computational learning theory, 124
computational linguistics, 141
computational rules, 440
computer science, 1
conation, 67
concentration, 578
concept of causality, 159
concept space, 122
condensed, 558
conditional dependencies, 155
confirmatory factor analysis, 57
conformal z−map, 325
Confucius, 39
conjugate gradient method, 197
conjunction, 216
conjunctive normal form, 142
connectionism, 16
connectionist, 190
connectionist approach, 186
connectionist learning, 122
consciousness, 89
consequent, 216
conservation law, 318
conservative–reversible systems, 295
Consistent Histories, 522
constant relative degree, 447
constrained SE(3)−group, 441
constraint satisfaction problems, 142
context–free grammar, 21, 143
continental philosophy, 103
continuous, 499
continuous eigenvalue, 473
continuous projectors, 474
continuous spectral form, 474
continuous spectrum, 473
678 Index
continuous–time Markov stochasticprocess, 500
contravariant velocity equation, 444
control, 179
control law, 447
control on SE(3)−group, 441
control parameters, 297
control parameters are iterativelyadjusted, 456
control systems, 116
convective Benard fluid flow, 315
Conventional AI, 112
conversation analysis, 18
convex optimization problem, 164
convexity, 238
Cooper pair box, 608
Cooper pairs, 607
Copenhagen interpretation, 522
Corinna Cortes, 167
corpus callosum, 68
corrective feedback, 116
correlation, 46
correlation coefficient, 46
correlation flow, 65
correlation function, 48
correspondence principle, 501
cortical motion control, 456
cost function, 167
coupling, 451
covariance matrix, 150
covariant force equation, 444
covariant force functor, 606
covariant force law, 606
craniometry, 67
creative agent, 27
creativity, 2
crisp, 219
criterion of falsifiability, 97
critical bifurcation value, 313
critical current, 610
critical rationalism, 96
critical value, 327
crossing, 246
crossover, 239
cryptography, 125
cube, 448
cumulative distribution function, 47,499
current–phase relation, 612curse of dimensionality, 155curve, 219cybernetics, 115cycle, 292, 332cyclic forms of human motion, 457
damped pendulum, 283, 303Darwinian evolution, 255data and goals, 122data mining, 121data–processing neurons, 308De Rham theorem, 449debugging, 179decision ladder, 184decision–maker, 174decision–support systems, 266decoherence, 467deductive reasoning agents, 169Deep Blue, 112Defuzzification, 451defuzzification, 227, 232degrees of truth, 216Delaunay triangulation, 254deliberation reasoning, 181delta–rule, 193DENFIS system, 236depth psychology, 109design, 179deterministic chaos, 275, 315deterministic drift, 154diagnosis, 179dialectics, 104diffeomorphism, 456difference equation, 320differential evolution, 237, 254differential Hebbian law, 215diffusion, 296diffusion fluctuations, 154digital organism, 255Dijkstra’s algorithms, 156dimension formula, 348dimensionality reduction, 52Dirac, 462Dirac interaction picture, 470Dirac rules for quantization, 465Dirac’s electrodynamic action principle,
479Dirac’s formalism, 462
Index 679
Direct oblimin rotation, 58directed acyclic graph, 158discontinuous jumps, 154discourse analysis, 19discrete, 499discrete characteristic projector, 472discrete eigenvalues, 472discrete Laplacian, 624discrete sine–Gordon equation, 622discrete spectral form, 473discrete spectrum, 472discrete–time models, 320discriminant functions, 186disjunction, 216dissipation, 564dissipative structures, 296distribution function, 498dot product, 166dream analysis, 107dreams, 109driven pendulum, 304dual Hilbert space, 502dualism, 95Duffing map, 325Duffing oscillator, 309Duffing–Van der Pol equation, 309dynamic Bayesian network, 154dynamic link matching, 146, 151dynamic optimization task, 268dynamic programming, 130, 133, 155dynamic ray, 327dynamical system, 275dynamics, 282dynamics on SE(3)−group, 441
EGreedy policy, 136eigenfaces, 146, 150eigenfrequency, 150eigenfunction, 150eigenspace, 150eigenvalue, 150eigenvectors, 150Einstein’s laws of radiation, 462Either–Or, 218electricity and magnetism, 116electroencephalogram, 271electroencephalography, 271electronic communication systems, 116elementary amplitude, 504
elitism strategy, 248embedding methods, 198emergent behaviors, 254emergent properties, 252emotion, 89emotional intelligence, 69empirical mean, 53empty set, 26encoding scheme, 123energy flow, 110entangled state, 563entropy, 299environment, 174, 455environmental decoherence, 536epistemological paradigm shift, 10EPR paradox, 520, 524equilibrium points, 284error bound, 166error function, 448escape rate, 335Euclidean distance , 256Euclidean geometry, 49Euclidean space, 49, 238, 291Euler characteristic, 605Euler–Poincare characteristic, 449evidence node, 158evolution laws, 297evolution strategy, 250evolution window, 250evolutionary algorithms, 237evolutionary computation, 205, 237, 252evolutionary programming, 249existence & uniqueness theorems for
ordinary differential equations(ODEs), 275
existence–uniqueness theorem, 301existential quantifier, 216existentialism, 104expansion principle, 503expectation–maximization algorithm,
161experience, 39expert systems, 179, 266exploiting, 136exploration/exploitation problem, 136exploratory, 61exploratory factor analysis, 56exploring, 136extended Kalman filter, 197
680 Index
external rays, 327extinction, 17extroversion, 33extrovert, 109extrovert/introvert model, 108
factor analysis, 33, 43, 45, 150factor Hilbert spaces, 476factor loadings, 57factor matrix, 57factor rotation, 54factor scores, 57factor–correlation flow, 65factors, 50family of Markov stochastic histories,
501feasible region, 237feasible solutions, 237, 238feature extraction, 52feature selection, 52feedback control, 449feedback fuzzy systems, 235feedforward neural network, 188feeling, 108Feigenbaum cascade, 317Feigenbaum constant, 317Feigenbaum number, 321Feigenbaum phenomenon, 295Feynman diagram, 373, 496Feynman path integral, 503, 592Feynman–Vernon formalism, 560Fibonacci sequence, 155Fick equation, 296field, 282fifth generation computer systems, 141filter, 52final state, 501, 502finite–dimensional Hilbert space, 472first quantization, 467first–order resolution, 141first–order–search methods, 196fitness, 247fitness function, 243, 256fitness landscape, 238, 243fitness value, 250FitzHugh–Nagumo neuron, 419fixed points, 274, 284, 300, 314Floquet exponents, 635Floquet multiplicator, 387
Floquet stability analysis, 387
flow, 275
flux, 300
flux–flow regime, 626
Flynn effect, 44
focal objects, 86
Fock state, 502
focus, 285
Fokker’s action integral, 491
Fokker–Planck diffusion equation, 153
Fokker–Planck equation, 500, 554
fold bifurcation, 295
force, 300
force HBE servo–controller, 446
force–field psychodynamics, 592
forced Duffing oscillator, 370
forced Rossler oscillator, 397
forced Van der Pol oscillator, 306
formal language, 22
formal logic, 113, 216
formation rules, 105, 141
forward algorithm, 155
Fourier analysis, 93
Fourier equation, 296
Fourier transform, 464
fractal attractor, 316
fractal dimension, 258, 295, 314
fractal pattern, 322
fractals, 325
fractional dimension, 325
freethinkers, 38
freethinking, 38
freethought, 38
Frege–Russell definition, 101
frequency–to–voltage converter, 610
Freudian psychoanalysis, 109
frustrated XY models, 617
fully recurrent networks, 206
function, 463
function collapse, 526
functional approximators, 186
functional causal relation, 46
functional programming language, 138,156
functional view, 91
Fuzzification, 225, 445, 450
Index 681
fuzzy associative memory, 229
fuzzy diffusion parameter, 224
fuzzy IF–THEN rules, 230
fuzzy inference engine, 225
fuzzy inference system, 450
fuzzy logic, 215
fuzzy logic controller, 235
fuzzy membership function, 218
fuzzy mutual entropy, 222, 224
fuzzy parameter space, 224
fuzzy patches, 224
fuzzy set theory, 215
fuzzy sets, 179
fuzzy variable, 220
fuzzy wave equation, 224
fuzzy–stochastic HBE system, 445
Godel’s incompleteness theorem, 102,540
game theory, 114
gamma, 447
gamma–EEG waves, 535
gauge condition, 520
gauge–invariant phase difference, 629
Gauss–Bolyai–Lobachevsky space, 24
Gaussian distribution, 47
Gaussian function, 47
Gaussian saddlepoint approximation,373
gene regulatory networks, 160
general cognitive ability, 66
general human/humanoid behavior, 458
general intelligence, 66
general kinematics, 441
general sense, 378
general systems theory, 117
generalized feedforward network, 201
generalized Gaussian, 210
generalized Henon map, 323
generalized policy iteration, 134
generalized solution, 378
generalized synchronization, 402
genetic algorithm, 84, 130, 196, 205, 242
genetic control, 205
genetic programming, 248
genetic recombination, 239
genotype, 244, 246
genotype–phenotype distinction, 242
geometric algebra, 38
geometrodynamical functor, 594
Giaever tunnelling junction, 609
Gibbs ensemble, 302, 488
Ginzburg–Landau equation, 374
Giti, 4
global factors., 31
globally–coupled Kuramoto model, 627
globular cluster, 322
Goldstone theorem, 558
Golgi tendon organs, 447
grade of membership, 218, 219
gradient, 238
gradient descent method, 195
gradient information, 190
gradient of the performance surface, 190
Gram–Schmidt procedure, 395
Gray code, 245
greedy action, 136
greedy algorithms, 155
Green’s function, 327
group, 287
growing neural gas , 253
grows exponentially, 279
grows linearly, 279
growth inhibition effects, 259
growth rate, 319
Henon map, 322, 394
Henon strange attractor, 323
Hamilton–Jacobi equation, 464
Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation,155
Hamiltonian energy function, 296
Hamiltonian system, 323
Hamming distance, 256
Hamming weight, 256
heat conduction, 296
Hecht–Nielsen counterpropagationnetwork, 212
Heisenberg, 461
Heisenberg picture, 470, 515
Heisenberg uncertainty principle, 522,525, 527
Heisenberg’s method, 462
682 Index
Heisenberg’s Principle of indeterminacy,464
Heisenberg’s uncertainty relation, 469
Hermitian (self–adjoint) linear operator,464
Hermitian inner product, 502
Hessian matrix, 238
heuristic IF–THEN rules, 172
heuristic search, 122
hidden Markov model, 146, 153
hidden variable, 154, 155
hidden variable theory, 527
high–level cognitive model, 158
Hilbert space, 164, 166, 466, 502, 572
Hindley–Milner type inference systems,138
Hindmarsh–Rose thalamic neuron, 419
Hindu scriptures, 39
history, 500
Hodgkin–Huxley model, 306
Hodgkin–Huxley neuron, 420
Hodgkin–Huxley–type functions, 422
holists, 39
holographic hypothesis, 557
holonomic brain model, 93
homeomorphism, 290
homeostatic balance, 110
homoclinic bifurcation, 295
homomorphism of vector spaces, 52
homotopy methods, 197
Horn clause, 141
Hotelling transform, 52
Hotelling’s law, 53
Hotelling’s lemma, 53
Hotelling’s rule, 53
Hotelling’s T–square distribution, 53
Huffman trees, 156
human heart beat and respiration, 402
human mind, 1
human–like design, 428
humanoid robot, 438
hybrid dynamical system of variablestructure, 376
hybrid systems, 378
hyperbolic geometry, 24
hyperbolic system, 278
hyperbolic tangent threshold activationfunctions, 189
hyperplane, 164hysteresis loops, 295
imaginary part, 500imaginary unit, 500imagination, 89imitation, 11, 39impossible to integrate, 451in the sense of Filippov, 378incompatible observables, 525incompleteness of description, 463incompleteness of quantum mechanics,
522independent component analysis
networks, 204indeterminacy principle, 534, 536individual transition probability, 500inductive inference, 128inference, 227infinite set, 218infinite–dimensional Hilbert space, 473infinite–dimensional neural network,
592infinity, 456information, 117, 380information confidentiality, 125information dimension, 335, 355initial conditions, 302initial state, 501, 502injective, 26instanton vacua, 373integrate–and–fire neuron, 416integrate–and–fire–or–burst neuron, 418integration, 275intellect, 89intellegentia, 1intelligence, 1, 95intelligence quotient, 44intelligent behavior, 111intelligent information systems, 266intelligent systems, 268intelligible world, 4intention, 181interactionism, 96interactive genetic algorithms, 243interpretation, 179intersection, 220introspection, 8, 42introvert, 109
Index 683
intuition, 39, 108intuitionistic logic, 105inversion, 247irregular and unpredictable, 275irreversible processes, 296Ising–spin, 259Ising–spin Hopfield network, 212iteration of conditioned reflexes, 456iterated map, 302iteration, 143
Jacobian matrix, 285jnana, 39Jordan and Elman networks, 202Jordan canonical form, 289Josephson constant, 610Josephson current, 607Josephson current–phase relation, 610Josephson effect, 607Josephson interferometer, 607Josephson junction, 606Josephson junction ladder , 617Josephson tunnelling, 607, 610Josephson voltage–phase relation, 610Josephson–junction quantum computer,
608Jungian psychology, 106
Kaplan–Yorke conjecture, 336Kaplan–Yorke dimension, 382Kaplan–Yorke formula, 338Kaplan–Yorke map, 325Karhunen–Loeve transform, 52Karhunen–Loeve covariance matrix, 210karma, 39kernel, 166Kernel Language, 141kernel trick, 163, 166ket–vectors, 502kinetic theory of gases, 116kink–phason resonance, 624Klein–Gordon Lagrangian, 519Klein–Gordon wave equation, 480knapsack problem, 243knowledge base, 169knowledge representation, 122knowledge–based systems, 266Kohonen continuous self organizing
map, 213
Kohonen self–organizing map, 202Kolmogorov–Sinai, 382Kolmogorov–Sinai entropy, 330, 380,
382Kruskal’s algorithm, 156Kuramoto order parameter, 635Kuramoto–Sivashinsky equation, 374
ladder, 627lag synchronization, 402Lagrange multipliers, 167, 238Lagrangian density, 519, 597lambda calculus, 138, 139Landau gauge, 623landing point, 327language, 1largest Lyapunov exponent, 380lateral thinking, 29law of contradiction, 104law of the excluded middle, 104laws of probability, 503learn by trial and error, 130learnable evolution model, 237, 256learning, 2, 111learning algorithm, 123learning classifier systems, 250learning dynamics, 210, 211learning operations, 122learning rate, 191learning rate scheduling, 191learning to learn, 122least means square algorithm, 191Lebesgue integral, 473Lebesgue measure, 313Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm, 197Lewinian force–field theory, 593libido, 110Lie bracket, 448Lie derivative, 376, 447limit cycle, 291, 292, 305, 314, 422limit set, 292linear, 46linear classification, 163linear classifier, 166linear dynamical systems, 286linear flow, 287linear homotopy ODE, 377linear homotopy segment, 377linear map, 52
684 Index
linear operator, 52linear representation, 465linear transformation, 52linearization, 285linearly equivalent, 288linguistic variable, 220linguistics, 19, 20Liouville equation, 153Lisp, 137locality, 526locally–coupled Kuramoto model, 627,
636locally–optimal solution, 567logic programming, 140logicism, 102logistic equation, 319logistic growth, 319logistic map, 320, 322, 384long–range connections, 636long–range correlation, 558long–range order, 607long–term memory, 210Lorentz equation of motion, 493Lorentz transformations, 480Lorenz attractor, 376Lorenz mask, 316Lorenz system, 316, 322lower limit of complexity, 440Lyapunov dimension, 381Lyapunov exponent, 277, 295, 314, 329,
336, 395Lyapunov function, 212Lyapunov stability, 278Lyapunov time, 277
M, 432, 433machine learning, 121, 160machine translation, 158macroscopic entanglement, 456magneto–encephalography, 272Malthus model, 319Malthusian parameter, 319, 321Mamdani fuzzy controller, 232Mamdani inference, 229, 450management information systems, 266management–support systems, 266Mandelbrot and Julia sets, 325Manhattan distance, 256manifest variables, 48
map, 320, 395
map sink, 314
margin, 164
Markov assumption, 153
Markov blanket, 159
Markov chain, 331
Markov decision process, 132
Markov network, 159
Markov process, 153, 331
Markov property, 153
Markov–chain Monte–Carlo, 161, 506
mass communication, 18
Master equation, 153
match–based learning, 214
material metric tensor, 444
matrix cost function, 196
matrix–symplectic explicit integrator,451
matroids, 156
maximum likelihood estimate, 158
maximum likelihood estimator, 48
maximum–entropy, 208
maximum–margin hyperplane, 164
McCulloch–Pitts neurons, 189
mean, 7, 47
mean square error, 190
means–ends reasoning, 181
mechanical–control structure, 428
meditation, 578
meiosis, 239
Meissner–states, 620
membership function, 219
memory, 89
memory recall, 123
mental abilities, 1
mental force law, 606
meta–GP, 249
metaheuristic optimization algorithm,251
metaheuristic optimization algorithms,237
metamorphoses, 313
Metaphysics, 38
method of least squares, 7
microtubules, 532, 547
mind, 89
mind maps, 39
Index 685
mind–body problem, 94minimizing the error, 190minimum–time reward functions, 132Minu, 4model fit, 56modified Duffing equation, 311modular feedforward networks, 201modulus, 500momentum learning, 195momentum phase–space, 449monism, 100monitoring, 179Monte–Carlo, 47Monte–Carlo method, 133, 322Moore’s law, 120morphism, 52Morris–Lecar neuron, 419motor conditioned reflexes, 451multi–agent systems, 168multilayer perceptron, 188, 199multiple–intelligence theories, 68multivariate correlation statistical
method, 45mutation, 240, 247, 249mutually alternative processes, 503Myers–Briggs Type Indicator, 107
natural measure, 406natural selection, 240natural transient measure, 336Navier–Stokes equations, 262, 315negative feedback loop, 117Neimark–Sacker bifurcation, 295network topology, 123neural adaptation, 14neural gas, 253neurobiology, 105neurology of creativity, 29neuroticism, 33neutral line, 289Newton–Raphson method, 197Newtonian deterministic system, 274Newtonian dynamics, 440Newtonian mechanics, 274Newtonian method, 195next chosen action, 136node, 285noise filtering, 123non–autonomuous system, 283
non–periodic orbit, 65, 288
nonfuzzy, 219
nonlinear classification, 163
nonlinear function approximation, 224
nonlinearity, 297
nonlocal behavior, 524
nonlocal process, 523
nonrelativistic quantum mechanics , 63
nonrigid, 61
normal distribution, 47
normalization condition, 466
normalized, 219
normally distributed random variables,47
number of mechanical degrees–of–freedom, 440
number of physical degrees–of–freedom,443
object relations theory, 111
object–oriented programming, 168
objective function, 238, 243, 268
oblique factor model, 61
observation, 42
observational resolution, 443, 457
observed variable, 154, 155
Oja–Hebb learning rule, 210
one–way functions, 125
Onsager relations, 300
operations research, 237
optimal hyperplane, 164
optimal solution, 238
optimal value function, 133
optimism, 99
optimization, 123, 165
orbit, 275, 287, 332
orbit Hilbert space, 478
orchestration, 441
order parameter, 406
ordering chaos, 281
organizational communication, 18
orthogonal sum, 474
oscillatory cortical–control, 457
oscillatory dynamics, 457
Ott–Grebogi–Yorke map, 325
output–space dimension, 456
overdamped junction, 628
686 Index
overdamped ladder, 637, 638overdamped limit, 611
P–complete problem, 141paradigm shift, 10parameter ray, 327parent node, 158parsimony principle, 61particle swarm optimization , 252path–integral, 373, 496, 504path–integral expression, 518path–integral formalism, 515path–integral formulation, 515path–integral quantization, 514pattern matching process, 214pattern recognition, 123pattern–recognition machine, 191Penrose paradox, 533perception, 89, 586perceptron, 191perceptual world, 4perfect environment model, 133performance surface, 190period, 290period doubling, 295period–doubling bifurcation, 295, 317,
321, 384periodic orbit, 65, 288, 292periodic orbit theory, 334periodic phase synchronization, 402periodic solution, 290personality, 2, 30personality psychology, 109personality tests, 68phase, 500, 502phase change, 239phase coherence, 607phase difference, 403, 610, 624phase plane, 284phase space, 275, 302phase synchronization, 402phase trajectory, 296phase transition, 280phase–flow, 275, 283phase–locking, 457phase–space, 296phase–space path integral, 511phenomenology, 104phenotype, 244, 246
physical Hamiltonian function, 444physically–controllable systems
of nonlinear oscillators, 627Piaget theory, 71Pickover’s biomorphs, 328pinball game, 276plan, 1Planck’s constant, 464planning, 179playground swing, 279Poincare map, 293Poincare section, 309, 386Poincare–Bendixson theorem, 285Poincare map, 323Poincare section, 322, 333Poincare–Bendixson theorem, 280point orbit, 65, 288Poisson bracket, 494Poisson detection statistics, 502polar form, 500policy, 131political philosophy, 91population models, 318position of equilibrium, 296positional stiffness, 447positive leading Lyapunov exponent,
381positive Lyapunov exponent, 273posterior–mode estimate, 158potential function, 294, 327practical reasoning, 180pragmatics, 19Prakrti, 95Prandtl number, 316predicate calculus, 141predicate logic, 216predictability time, 381prediction/forecasting, 123, 179predictive validity, 69premises, 216Prigogine, 296Prim’s algorithm, 156primary factors, 31primary term, 220principal axis factoring, 54principal component analysis networks,
204principal components analysis, 52principal factor analysis, 54
Index 687
principal factors, 60
principal intelligence factor, 45
principle of locality, 522
Principle of relativity, 479
Principle of superposition of states, 464
pristine, 636
probabilistic description, 498
probability, 6, 463
probability amplitude, 466, 514
probability conservation law, 464
probability density function, 47, 500
probability distribution, 150
probability distribution function, 631
probably approximately correctlearning, 127, 129
problem solving, 8
product–moment, 46
product–topology theorem, 449
production rule, 143
production–rule agents, 169
products, 296
Prolog atom, 143
Prolog term, 143
Promax rotation, 58
proof by contradiction, 142
propositional logic, 142, 216
protozoan morphology, 327
pruning, 332
psyche, 107
psychic energy, 110
psychoanalysis, 109
psychological continuum, 219
psychological tests, 68
psychology, 1
psychometric function, 79
psychometric testing, 41
psychometrics, 42
psychophysics, 76
psychoticism, 33
pull–back, 447
pulse, 585
punishment, 17
pure continuous spectral form, 476
pure delayed reward functions, 132
pure discrete spectral form, 475
Purusha, 95
Pyragas control, 387
Qlearning, 135quadratic I&F neuron, 419quadratic programming, 165qualitative changes, 313quantization, 465quantum brain, 592quantum coherent state, 501quantum computation, 534quantum computers, 607quantum consciousness, 583quantum decoherence, 527quantum entanglement, 455, 467, 524,
526quantum Hamilton’s equations, 470quantum observables, 526quantum pictures, 470quantum superposition, 466quantum teleportation, 455quantum tunneling, 110quantum–mechanical wave function,
607quaternions, 38qubits, 607
radial basis function, 166radial basis function network, 203random variable, 498ransition–emission pair, 158rate of error growth, 380Raven’s Progressive Matrices, 44Rayleigh–Benard convection, 378reactants, 296real part, 500reason, 1reasoning ability, 44recognize–act cycle, 180recombination, 240rectified–and–discretized, 450recursive behaviour, 143recursive homotopy dynamics, 603reduce, 59reflectance pattern, 212reflection, 39regression, 163regular points, 301reinforcement, 17reinforcement learning, 84, 122, 130,
456relative degree, 376
688 Index
relativistic Hamiltonian form, 479relaxation oscillator, 305reliable predictor, 319repeller, 334repelling focus, 289repelling Jordan node, 289repelling line, 289repelling node, 289repelling spiral, 289representative point, 296reproduction, 240resistive loading, 611resistively & capacitively–shunted
junction, 628resistively–shunted Josephson junctions,
623resistively–shunted junction, 628resolution rule, 142resonance, 608resonate–and–fire neuron, 418rest points, 284return map, 333reward–signal, 130Ricatti ODE, 364Riemann curvature tensor, 605rigged Hilbert space, 473Rosenblatt, 191Rossler, 310Rossler system, 310roulette, 248roulette wheel algorithm, 241route to chaos, 280, 295rules fire, 231Russell Paradox, 102
saddle, 285, 289saddle–node bifurcation, 295saddle–node bifurcation theorem, 359samadhi, 578sample, 48Sankaracharya, 160Sankhya school, 95Sarsa, 135satisfiability, 142Scholastic tradition, 99Schrodinger, 462Schrodinger equation, 501, 510Schrodinger evolution, 538Schrodinger picture, 470, 515
Schrodinger’s Cat, 525Schrodinger’s method, 462Schrodinger’s wave , 463Scientific Community Metaphor, 140scientific method, 84scientific revolution, 10scope, 137score, 59scoring function, 161search, 190search algorithm, 142search for truth, 97search space, 238search strategy, 161second quantization, 484selection method, 248Self, 108, 111self–limiting process, 319self–organization, 117, 252, 456self–organizing maps, 252semantic theory of truth, 97semi–parametric classifiers, 186semi–supervised learning, 122semiotics, 19sensation, 108, 174sensitive dependence on initial
conditions, 279sensitivity to initial conditions, 279sensitivity to parameters, 279sensory adaptation, 14sensory analysis, 80sensory threshold, 79servo–controllers, 447servoregulatory loops, 447set, 218set of high mountains, 218set of probability coefficients, 462set operation, 220shadow, 108short–term memory, 210short–term predictability, 280signal detection theory, 80signal velocity, 210simulated annealing, 84, 196, 252single deterministic trajectory, 501singleton, 219singular value decomposition, 53situation, 174situation awareness, 174
Index 689
slope parameter, 189slow–wave bursting, 422Smale’s horseshoe, 279small world, 629small–world networks, 627SMO algorithm, 166social and emergent learning, 130Social Darwinism, 239social organization analysis, 184sociolinguistics, 19soft margin method, 167SoftMax action selection, 136solution, 378solution curve, 288space, 166spatiotemporal networks, 215spectral theorem, 53spectral theory, 462speech recognition, 158speech–to–text translation, 157spin–wave modes, 622spindle receptors, 447split–brain, 68stable manifold, 302, 323, 336Standard Additive Model, 228standard deviation, 47standard map, 324standard normal distribution, 47standard problem–solving techniques,
84standard saddle, 290standard sink, 290standard source, 290standardised likelihood, 162Stanford–Binet, 44state, 174, 282state space, 275state value function, 133static backpropagation, 188statistical learning theory, 127steepest descent method, 191step size, 191stochastic diffusion search, 252Stochastic forces, 445stochastic processes, 116stochastic system, 283strange attractor, 118, 260, 281, 309,
314–316stretch–and–fold, 309
strong AI, 112strong alife, 254structural equation modelling, 55structural stability, 278structure–finding algorithm, 161substantial view, 90subsumption architecture, 171sum, 503sum–over–histories, 500, 503superconducting–normal transition, 617superconductivity, 576, 606superfluidity, 576superposition principle, 286supervised, 456supervised learning, 122, 163supervised network, 188support, 219support vector machine, 128, 129, 163support vector regression, 167support vectors, 164supra–personal archetypes, 107surjective, 26survival of the fittest, 240survival probability, 334survivor selection, 249swarm intelligence, 237, 251syllogism, 4symbol–based learning, 122symbolic dynamics, 332symmetric–key cryptography, 125synchronicity, 107synchronization, 394, 457synchronization in chaotic oscillators,
402synchronization of coupled nonlinear
oscillators, 626synergetics, 406system input–output relation, 224
tail recursion, 142Tao, 100targeting, 379taste, 219tautology, 142taxicab geometry, 256teleological mechanisms, 116temperature value, 136temporal dynamical systems, 211
690 Index
temporary phase–locking, 402tensor–field, 275term set, 220the angle between the two vectors, 49theoretical ecology, 321theory of cognitive development, 71thermodynamic equilibrium, 298thermodynamics, 262theta–neuron, 419thinking, 108thought, 89thought experiment, 520three–point iterative dynamics equation,
66Tierra, 255time–dependent Schrodinger equation,
465, 500time–difference method, 133time–independent, 363time–lagged recurrent networks, 205time–ordering operator, 616TOGA meta–theory paradigms, 70top–down object–based goal–oriented
approach, 70topological entropy, 277topologically equivalent, 290torus, 448total Hilbert state–space, 474total spectral form, 474total spectral measure, 475total transition amplitude, 500total transition probability, 500tournament method, 241tournament selection, 248training data, 164trajectory, 275, 284, 332transcritical bifurcation, 411transducer neurons, 308transduction, 122transformation rules, 105, 141transition, 462, 501transition amplitude, 502, 509transition probability, 501, 502trapdoor one–way function, 127trapped attractor, 311traveling salesman problem, 155Triarchic theory of intelligence, 41true beliefs, 13truth as correspondence, 97
truth–in–itself, 105turbulence, 278Turing test, 119turiya state, 577, 580two forms of quantum electrodynamics,
486
uncertainty, 179uncertainty dimension method, 349uncertainty exponent, 313unconscious complex, 107undamped pendulum, 303underdamped junction, 628underdamped ladder array, 636unification, 142union, 220universal approximation theorem, 198universal quantifier, 216universe of discourse, 218, 219unstable manifold, 323, 336unstable periodic orbits, 335unsupervised/self–organized learning,
122utility theory, 128uzzy expert systems, 215
vacuum distribution, 482vacuum state, 502, 562value function, 132Van der Pol oscillator, 375Vapnik–Chervo-nenkis SVM theory, 166Varimax rotation, 57Vashishta, 160vector–field, 275, 284velocity and jerk, 447very–large–scale integration, 111Viterbi algorithm, 157Viterbi path, 157Vivekananda, 160voltage–to–frequency converter, 610Voronoi tessellation, 254
Wada basins, 360wave equation, 464wave psi–function, 466wave–particle duality, 110, 502weak AI, 112weak alife, 255weakly–connected neural network, 94
Index 691
Weber–Fechner law, 76Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, 44Wechsler–Bellevue I, 45whirling modes, 622whirling regime, 625Wigner function, 559, 560Wigner’s friend paradox, 526will, 89Winfree–type phase models, 626wisdom, 2, 37work domain analysis, 184
work organization analysis, 184working coexistence, 428wrapper, 52
yang, 110Yang–Mills relation, 373Yerkes–Dodson Law, 35yin, 110young people, 218
Zero–Moment Point, 431