http://i151.photobucket.com/albums/s133/eugcarmo/255665932jpg.jpg

Chomsky’s

Labyrinth

http://www.spike-island.org.uk/files/images/chomsky.jpg

Noam Chomsky (b. 1928)

MIT

1955

http://thelastminute.typepad.com/photos/peace_rally_march_20_2004/p3200199.JPG

The

TOP 10

most-cited

writers 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Noam Chomsky 9. 10.

Steven Pinker (1994) The Language Instinct.

http://www.pyke-eye.com/a/phil/1988/NoamChomsky.jpg

Why so influential?

http://wvs.topleftpixel.com/photos/noam_chomsky_human_rights.jpg

Grammar and Syntax

TRANSFORMATIONAL Parse-able with moveable pieces

Generative Infinite variety from finite pieces

Universal

Innate, inheritable

His Grammar Created a Language-Mind Link

Seth Merrin Professor of Philosophy

Co-Director, Center for Cognitive Studies, Tufts University

http://ase.tufts.edu/cogstud/incbios/RayJackendoff/index.htm

Ray Jackendoff (b. 1945)

Tufts University 2005

Brandeis University 2006

XP

Specifier X

http://brainmind.com/images/splitbrain20.jpg

[t∫IkЛn]

Chicken

N Det.

The ran away from the farmer.

NP

http://peterhgregory.files.wordpress.com/2007/03/virus.PNG

Computational

MIND

The

,

Turing

Machines, and

http://www.tcf.ua.edu/AZ/AnalyticalEngine.jpg

Turing Computations with Binary Code

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f9/State_diagram_3_state_busy_beaver_4_.JPG/800px-State_diagram_3_state_busy_beaver_4_.JPG

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f9/State_diagram_3_state_busy_beaver_4_.JPG/800px-State_diagram_3_state_busy_beaver_4_.JPG

http://prevos.net/ola/identity.jpg

Metaphors

Turing Machines

• Data Processing

Computers

• Complex Processing • Binary Code and Syntax

Steven Pinker

(b. 1954)

Harvard University 2009

MIT

2003

http://www.news.harvard.edu/gazette/2004/12.02/photos/7-pinker1-450.jpg

http://linguistlist.org/fund-drive/2008/linguist-of-the-day/Pinker.jpg

http://www.indwes.edu/Faculty/bcupp/Book.Pinker2.jpg

1997

http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/epc/srb/cyber/thi7fig4.gif

Sample Model of Language Processing

Reichle, E.D., Warren, T., & McConnell, K. (2009). Using E-Z reader to model the effects of higher level language processing on eye movements during reading. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 16(1), 1-21.

EZ Reader 10

http://www.bookswim.com/images_books/large/The_Language_Instinct_How_the_Mind_Creates_Language_PS-119190035038056.jpg

http://ebooks-imgs.connect.com/ebooks/ product/400/000/000/000/000/062/694/400000000000000062694_s4.jpg

http://www.changeany1thing.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/03/noam_chomsky.jpg

Favorite Sources

http://img87.imageshack.us/img87/8646/fodorsk1.jpg

INFORMATION OVERLOAD!

MODULAR

MIND = SOLUTION

http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/innateness-language/PosnerRaichle.jpg http://brainmind.com/images/sci714428.jpg

Multiple,

Specialized

Mind

Organs=

Complex Mental

Processing

http://www.pyke-eye.com/a/phil/2001/JerryFoder.jpg http://www.firebaugh.com/FDA/Seminars/BlankSlate/PinkerLogo.jpg

Pinker Fodor

VS

.

12 Rounds over Modularity

1997 2002

Round

So how does the mind work?

I don’t know. You don’t know. Pinker doesn’t know.

And I rather suspect, such is the current state of

the art, that if God were to tell us, we wouldn’t

understand him. (Fodor, 2005, p. 31)

Fodor, more than anyone, has defended the

computational theory of mind ... specialization ...

[and] evolution as a shaping force in the modular

mind. (Pinker, 2005, p. 2)

Parting Blows

http://brainmind.com/images/schizophrenia43.jpg

Some mysteries of the mind will probably

.

References

Barrett, H. C., & Kurzban, R. (2006). Theoretical note--Modularity in cognition: Framing the debate. Psychological

Review, 113(3), 628-647.

Carruthers, P., Laurence, S., & Stich, S. P. (2005). The innate mind. New York: Oxford University Press.

Chomsky, N. (1957). Syntactic structures. Netherlands: Mouton.

Chomsky, N. (1959). Verbal behavior, by B. F. Skinner. Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs-Merrill.

Chomsky, N. (1965). Aspects of the theory of syntax. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Chomsky, N. (2006). Language and mind. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Chomsky, N., & Arnove, A., (2008). The essential Chomsky. New York: New Press.

Clahsen, H., & Felser, C. (2006a). Continuity and shallow structures in language processing. Applied Psycholinguistics,

27, 107-126.

Clahsen, H., & Felser, C. (2006b). Grammatical processing in language learners. Applied Psycholinguistics, 27(1), 3-42.

Cook, V. (1999). Using SLA research in language teaching. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 9(2), 267-84.

Duyck, W., Vanderelst, D., Desmet, T., & Hartsuiker, R. J. (2008). The frequency effect in second-language visual

word recognition. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 15(4), 850.

Elston-Güttler, K. E., & Friederici, A. D. (2007). Ambiguous words in sentences: Brain indices for native and non-

native disambiguation. Neuroscience Letters, 414(1), 85-89.

Fodor, J. (1975). The language of thought. New York: Crowell.

Fodor, J. (1981). Representations : Philosophical essays on the foundations of cognitive science. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Fodor, J. (1983). The modularity of mind: An essay on faculty psychology. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Fodor, J. (2001). The mind doesn't work that way: The scope and limits of computational psychology. Cambridge, MA: MIT

Press.

Fodor, J. (2005). Reply to Steven Pinker ‘So How Does The Mind Work?’ Mind & Language, 20(1), 25-32.

Fodor, J. (2006). How the mind works: What we still don't know. Daedalus, 135(3), 86-94.

Fodor, J., Bever, T. G., & Garrett, M. F. (1974). The psychology of language: An introduction to psycholinguistics and generative

grammar. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Fodor, J., & Katz, J. (1964). The structure of language: Readings in the philosophy of language. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-

Hall.

Friesen, D., & Jared, D. (2007). Cross-language message- and word-level transfer effects in bilingual text processing.

Memory & Cognition, 35(7), 1542-1556.

Fukkink, R. G., Hulstijn, J., & Simis, A. (2005). Does training in second-language word recognition skills affect

reading comprehension? An experimental study. Modern Language Journal, 89(1), 54-75.

Generative Grammar. (2000). Oxford English dictionary. Retrieved December 7, 2009, from http://dictionary.oed.com

Jackendoff, R. (2003). Foundations of language: Brain, meaning, grammar, evolution. New York: Oxford University Press.

Jackendoff, R. (1977). X syntax : A study of phrase structure. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Keating, G. D. (2009). Sensitivity to violations of gender agreement in native and nonnative Spanish: An eye-

movement investigation. Language Learning, 59(3), 503-535.

Kliegl, R., Nuthmann, A., & Engbert, R. (2006). Tracking the mind during reading: The influence of past, present,

and future words on fixation durations. Journal of Experimental Psychology/General, 135(1), 12-35.

Koda, K. (2007). Reading and language learning: Crosslinguistic constraints on second language reading development.

Language Learning, 57(Supplement), 1-44.

Pinker, S. (1994). The language instinct: How the mind creates language. New York: William Marrow, & Co.

Pinker, S. (1997). How the mind works. New York: Norton.

Pinker, S. (2002). The blank slate: The modern denial of human nature. New York: Viking Adult.

Pinker, S. (2005). So how does the mind work? Mind and Language, 20(1), 1-24.

Pinker, S. (2007). The stuff of thought: Language as a window into human nature. New York: Viking.

Pinker, S. (2005). A reply to Jerry Fodor on how the mind works. Mind and Language, 20(1), 33-38.

Rayner, K. (1993). Eye movements in reading: Recent developments. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 2(3), 81-

85.

Rayner, K. (2009). Eye movements and attention in reading, scene perception, and visual search. Quarterly Journal of

Experimental Psychology, 62(8), 1457-1506.

Rayner, K., Pollatsek, A., Drieghe, D., Slattery, T. J., & Reichle, E. D. (2007). Tracking the mind during reading via

eye movements: Comments on Kliegl, Nuthmann, & Engbert (2006). Journal of Experimental

Psychology/General, 136(3), 520-529.

Rayner, K., Smith, T. J., Malcolm, G. L., & Henderson, J. M. (2009). Eye movements and visual encoding during

scene perception. Psychological Science, 20(1), 6-10.

Reichle, E.D., Liversedge, S.P., Pollatsek, A., & Rayner, K. (2009). Encoding multiple words simultaneously in

reading is implausible. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13(3), 115-119.

Reichle, E.D., Warren, T., & McConnell, K. (2009). Using E-Z reader to model the effects of higher level language

processing on eye movements during reading. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 16(1), 1-21.

Reichle, E., Rayner, K., & Pollatsek, A. (2003). The E-Z reader model of eye-movement control in reading:

Comparisons to other models. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 26(4), 445-476.

Reichle, E. D. (2006). Computational models of eye-movement control during reading: Theories of the eye mind

link. Cognitive Systems Research, 7(1), 2-3.

Skinner, B. F. (1992). Verbal behavior (Reprint, 1957 ed.). Acton, MA: Copley Publishing Group.

Stuhr, J. J. (2000). Pragmatism and classical American philosophy: Essential readings and interpretive essays. New York:

Oxford University Press.

Tannen, D. (1999). The argument culture : Changing the way we argue and debate. London: Virago.

Turing, A. M. (1950). Computing machinery and intelligence. Mind: A Quarterly Review of Psychology and Philosophy,

59(236), 433.

Universal Grammar. (2000). Oxford English dictionary. Retrieved December 7, 2009, from http://dictionary.oed.com

Usó J., E., & Martínez F., A. (2006). Current trends in the development and teaching of the four language skills. New York:

M. de Gruyter.

Yamada, K. (2009). Lexical patterns in L2 textual gist identification assessment. Language Testing, 26(1), 101-122.