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Prentice Hall, 2007 Excellence in Business, 3e Chapter 10 - 1

Lighting the Fire:ighting the Fire:Employee Motivation,mployee Motivation,Workforce Trends, and Labororkforce Trends, and LaborRelationselations

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Motivating Employeesotivating Employees Engagement

Morale

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What Is Motivation?hat Is Motivation? Needs

Actions

Outcomes

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Workforce Motivationorkforce Motivation Monetary rewards

Fair treatment

Satisfying work

Work-life balance

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Theories of Motivationheories of Motivation Frederick W. Taylor

Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Herzbergs Two-Factor Theory

Theory X, Theory Y, and Theory Z

Equity Theory

Expectancy Theory

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Frederick W. Taylorrederick W. Taylor Scientific management

Monetary rewards

Personal productivity

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Maslows Hierarchyaslows Hierarchy Self-actualization

Self-esteem needs

Social needs

Safety needs

Physiological needs

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Herzbergs Two-Factor Theoryerzbergs Two-Factor TheoryHygiene Factors Motivational Factors

Working conditions

Pay and security

Company policies

Supervisors

Interpersonal relations

Achievement

Recognition

Responsibility

Work itself

Personal growth

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McGregors AssumptionscGregors AssumptionsTheory X Employeesheory X Employees Theory Y Employeesheory Y Employees

IrresponsibleIrresponsible

Lack ambitionLack ambition

Dislike workDislike work

Avoid responsibilityAvoid responsibility

Motivated by extrinsicMotivated by extrinsic

rewardsrewards

Goal seekingGoal seeking

CreativeCreative

Like workLike work

Accept responsibilityAccept responsibility

Motivated by intrinsicMotivated by intrinsic

rewardsrewards

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Ouchis Theory Zuchis Theory Z Long-term employment

Consensus-based decision making

Individual responsibility

Slow evaluation and promotion

Informal control and formal measures Moderate career specialization

Holistic concern for the individual

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Equity Theoryquity Theory Ratio comparison

Expected inputs

Expected outputs

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Expectancy Theoryxpectancy Theory Employee performance

Expectancy about performance

Expectancy about rewards

Attractiveness of rewards

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Workplace Motivationorkplace MotivationStrategiestrategies

Setting goals

Reinforcing behavior

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Management by Objectivesanagement by Objectives1. Setting goals

1. Planning action

1. Implementing goals

1. Reviewing performance

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Reinforcement Theoryeinforcement Theory Positive reinforcement

Obtain pleasant consequences

Negative reinforcement

Avoid unpleasant consequences

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Keeping Paceeeping Pacewith Todays Workforceith Todays Workforce

Staffing challenges

Demographic challenges

Alternative work arrangements

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Staffing Challengestaffing Challenges Workforce alignment

Employee loyalty

Employee workloads

Work-life balance

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Aligning the Workforceligning the Workforceand the Organizationnd the Organization

External Forces Internal Forces Employees

Changing Markets

Competition

Advances in Technology

Government Regulations

Strategy Shifts

Information Systems

Production Systems

Product Sales

Personal Goals

Better Jobs

Temporary Retirement

Permanent Retirement

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Fostering Employee Loyaltyostering Employee Loyalty Manage effectively and ethically

Give employees a stake

Take care of employees

Work with employees

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Monitoring Employee Workloadsonitoring Employee Workloads Employee burn-out

Long work hours

Ghost work

Communication technology

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Work-Life Balanceork-Life Balance Job enrichment

Job redesign

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Demographic Challengesemographic Challenges Workforce diversity

Understanding

Embracing

Maximizing

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Workforce Diversity Issuesorkforce Diversity Issues Immigration

Globalization

Age

Gender

Race

Religion

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Diversity Initiativesiversity Initiatives Policies

Procedures

Training

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Quality of Work Lifeuality of Work Life Job enrichment

Reduces specialization

Expands responsibilities

Job redesign

Restructures work

Coordinates skills and jobs

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Demographic Challengesemographic Challenges Workforce diversity

Alternative work programs

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Diversity Issuesiversity Issues Globalization

Aging workforce

Gender equality

Sexual harassment

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Workplace Diversityorkplace DiversityInitiativesnitiatives

Policies

Procedures

Training

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Alternative Worklternative WorkArrangementsrrangements

Flextime

Telecommuting Job sharing

Flexible career paths

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Working With Labor Unionsorking With Labor Unions Wages and benefits

Working conditions

Job security

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Collective Bargaining Processollective Bargaining Process1. Preparing to meet

1. Meeting

1. Reaching an agreement

1. Voting and ratification

1. Signing the agreement

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Resolving an Impasseesolving an Impasse Mediation

Arbitration

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When Negotiations Breakhen Negotiations BreakDownown

Labor

Strike

Boycott Publicity

Management

Strikebreakers Lockouts

Injunctions

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Union Membership Todaynion Membership Today Unions included 35% of the workforce

in the 1950s

Unions include 13.5% of todaysworkforce

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The Labor Movement Todayhe Labor Movement Today Health-care costs

International competition

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