7/30/2019 Strikes s

1/28

StrikesThe workers protest for a voice

during the Industrial Revolution.

7/30/2019 Strikes s

2/28

What is a strike? Protest by workers.

Workers refuse to

work until their

requests/demandsare met.

Result could be to

slow down, stopworking, or walk off

of the job.

7/30/2019 Strikes s

3/28

3

Types of Strikes

Economic Strikes (Primary - Secondary -

Partial)

Intended to resolve a Bargaining Impasse.Can only occur in connection with contract

negotiations.

Unfair Labor Practice Strike

Purpose is to force the employer to cease

committing what the union believes to be unfair

labor practices. It may or may not occur duringnegotiations.

7/30/2019 Strikes s

4/28

4

Types of Strikes

Wildcat StrikesConducted by groups of workers without the

authority and consent of the union.

Sympathy StrikeRefusal by one union to work for its employer to

pressure another (or the same) employer in itdealings with a second union.

7/30/2019 Strikes s

5/28

5

Types of Strikes

Jurisdictional StrikeTo pressure an employer to assign work to the

members of one bargaining unit rather than another

or to pressure an employer to recognize one unionas representative of its employees when it already

recognizes another.

LockoutManagement's equivalent of a strike. It can only

occur legally when an existing labor agreement has

expired and there is truly an impasse in contract

negotiations.

7/30/2019 Strikes s

6/28

Strikes and lock outs

Prohibition of strikes and lock outs (sec 22 & 23)

1. Strike in a public utility service [sec 22(1)]No person employed in a public utility service shall

go on strike in breach of a contract-

a) Without giving to employer notice of strike, within

six weeks before striking.

b) Within 14 days of giving such notice

c) Before the expiry of the date of strike specified in

the notice.

d) During pendancy of any conciliation proceedings.

7/30/2019 Strikes s

7/28

2. lock out in a public utility service sec 22(2)

No employer carrying on any public utility serviceshall lock out any of his workmen-

* Without giving them notice of lock out, within 6 weeksbefore locking out

* Within 14 days of giving such notice.

* Before the expiry of date of lock-out specified

* During the pendency of any conciliation proceedings.3.Strike and lock outs in an industrial establishments

sec23

No workmen shall go for or no employer shall declare

a lock out-* During pendency of conciliation proceedings before aboard of conciliation

* During pendency of proceedings before a labourcourt, industrial tribunal or national tribunal and 2months after proceedings

7/30/2019 Strikes s

8/28

Illegal strikes and lock outs:(sec.24)

A strike is illegal if

(a) it is commenced in contravention of sec 22 or 23

(b) it is continued in contravention of an order madeunder sec10 (3)

LAY OFF AND RETRENCHMENT

APPLICATION OF sec 25-c to sec 25E

The provisions as to lay off and retrenchment ofworkmen as in person in secs. 25-C to 25-E.

UNDER THE sec25-B

A workmanship shall be said to be in continuous

service for a period if he is, for that period , inuninterrupted services.

services including:

Sickness

Authorized leave

7/30/2019 Strikes s

9/28

An accident

A strike which is not illegal

A lock-out or a cessation of work which is not due to

any fault on the part of the workman.LAYOFF

Right of workmen laid-off for compensation's 25-c)

1,The work men must not be a badli workman or a casual

workman if he is to be entitled to compensation.2,His name must be borne on the master rolls of the industrial

establishment,

3,He must have completed not less than one year of continuous

services.4,If the above conditions are fulfilled the workman whether laid-

off continuously or intermittently shall be paid compensationby the employer for all days during which he is laid off, exceptfor such weekly holidays as may intervene.

7/30/2019 Strikes s

10/28

Why Go On Strike?

Poor working conditions.

Workers want 8 , 8 , 8

8 hour day 10 hours pay

There was a need for higher wages.

Workers were not allowed toorganize.

7/30/2019 Strikes s

11/28

Famous Strikes

The Railroad Strike of 1877

Haymarket Riot of 1886

The Homestead Strike of 1892

The Pullman Strike of 1894

7/30/2019 Strikes s

12/28

Railroad Strike of 1877

U.S. still recovering

from 1873 Depression.

Railroad owners cutworkers wages.

Workers let loose with

pent-up frustrationacross the country.

Causes:

7/30/2019 Strikes s

13/28

Railroad Strike of 1877 (cont.)

Actions Taken:

President Rutherford B.

Hayes calls in Federal

Troops to take controland open up Railroads.

Railroads re-open with

soldiers help after

several months of

destruction.

7/30/2019 Strikes s

14/28

Great Railroad Strike of 1877

Over 100+ people killed across the

country.

The city of Chicago had been shut

down.

Anarchistunions get a black eye in

terms of public reaction.

Results:

7/30/2019 Strikes s

15/28

Haymarket Riot 1886

Workers at the McCormick HarvestingMachine Co. in Chicago protest for an 8hour work day Go on strike May 1st.

May 3rd protest between strikers andtemporary hires (Scabs) turns violent.

The Chicago Police kill several Strikerstrying to restore order.

Causes:

7/30/2019 Strikes s

16/28

Haymarket Riot of 1886

Organizers (Knights of Labor) call fora rally to keep the peace May 3rd.

May 4th 3,000 workers show up in theevening to hear protest speeches.

The pol ice showed up to con tro l the

crowd.

A bomb exploded in the ranks of thepo l ice ki l ling seven.

Actions Taken:

7/30/2019 Strikes s

17/28

Haymarket Riot - 1886

American Public is outraged.

Union membership across thecountry drops drastically.

Several Union leaders are puton trial and hanged for incitingthe crowd.

Results:

7/30/2019 Strikes s

18/28

Dedicated plaque in Chicagofor the Haymarket Riot

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Riot_Monument.JPG

7/30/2019 Strikes s

19/28

The Homestead Strike of 1892Carnegie Steel Company in Homestead, PA.

Causes:

Plant manager(Henry Clay Frick)

refused to renegotiate a new union

contract.

Frick cut wages and refused to

deal with the union. (Carnegie agreesand backs Frick)

By late June 1892 workers call for

a STRIKE!

7/30/2019 Strikes s

20/28

Homestead Strike gets ugly!

Frick tries to lockout theStrikershires scabs.

Pinkertonsare hired by

Frick to protect scabs.

Pinkertonsmill workers

clashJuly 6, 1892.

Actions Taken:

7/30/2019 Strikes s

21/28

Battle for the Homestead Mill July 6, 1892

7/30/2019 Strikes s

22/28

Homestead Strike gets ugly!

Frick tries to lockout theStrikers.

Pinkertonsare hired by Frick

to protect scabs. Pinkertonsmill workers clash

July 6, 1892.

Pennsylvania Governor

calls in State Militia to

restore order.

Actions Taken:

7/30/2019 Strikes s

23/28

Homestead Strike fades

away. Workers wages had

dropped from anaverage of $2.25 to$1.89 per dayaverage.

It would be 45 yearsbefore a Union would

receive anothercontract in aCarnegie Steel Mill.

Results:

7/30/2019 Strikes s

24/28

The Pullman Strike of 1894

George PullmanCompany Town.

A recession in 1893 caused Pullman to lay-off

workers and cut the wages.

When the recession was over he re-hired

workers, but at the reduced wage 25-40% less.

When Pullman listened to the grievances of

several workers they were fired.

Workers go on strike!!! A.R.U.Eugene Debs

Causes:

7/30/2019 Strikes s

25/28

What happens next.

Rail workers refusedto touch or hook-upPullman cars to

others.

Railroad owners getan in junct ion.

All U.S. Mail carsmust be attached toPullman Cars.

Actions Taken:

7/30/2019 Strikes s

26/28

Pullman Strike

- Workers return for lower wages.

- Negative reaction by most people in the

U.S. towards UNIONS!!!!!!

Results:

7/30/2019 Strikes s

27/28

So what do we know about The Strikes of

the Industrial Revolution?

Most strikes were very unsuccessful. The American public in general did not like or

trust the Anarchist Unions. Strikes were often violent and did not create apositive result for the workers. The economy suffered when major strikesoccurred.

7/30/2019 Strikes s

28/28

Thank You!