stretch and stress
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Stretch and Stress. Session 2: Strategies to improve English Pronunciation. By Ruth Wickham, Training Fellow, IPGKDRI. Speak clearly to be understood. Incorrect stress can cause misunderstanding just as much as incorrect sounds. Stress and Unstress. What does STRESS sound like?. Louder. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Stretch and Stress
Session 2: Strategies to
improve English
Pronunciation
By Ruth Wickham, Training Fellow, IPGKDRI
Speak clearly to be understood
Incorrect stress can cause misunderstanding just as much as incorrect sounds.
Stress and Unstress
What does STRESS sound like?
Louder Longer Higher
er ar or ure/ə/
a e i o u
teacher collar doctor measure
zebra garden fossil lion circus
What does UNSTRESS sound like?
Secret Weapon for Practising Stress!
OK let’s learn!
Words with 2 syllables
Stress on the 1st syllable:MOST 2-syllable nouns and adjectives
have stress on the first syllable.
BUTter SANDwich
Stress on the LAST SyllableMOST 2-syllable verbs have stress on the LAST syllable.
diVIDE reCEIVE
Word Stress that Changes
Some 2 syllable words change stressdepending on whether they are used as an adjective or a noun, or a verb.
ADDRESS
COMBAT
COMPOUND
CONDUCT
CONTENT
DECREASE
DESERT
EXPORT
FREQUENT
INSULT
OBJECT
PERFECT PERMIT
PRESENT
PROTEST
TRANSPORT
These are called heteronyms
Rules for Longer Words:Stress is attracted to certain syllables:
-ic
-sion
-xion
The stress falls on the syllable just before ...
-cion
-tion
calculation decision
reaction solution
distribution operation
relation association
So where is the stress?
calculation decision
reaction solution
distribution operation
relation association
So where is the stress?
What is the pattern here?
economic terrificstrategic logicpathogenic domesticmetabolic statistic
What is the pattern here?
economic terrificstrategic logicpathogenic domesticmetabolic statistic
Where is the stress?
biology biologicalpolicy politicalgeography geographicaluniversity managerialphotography photographicalsociety sociologicaltechnology technologicalelectricity electrical
Where is the stress?
biology biologicalpolicy politicalgeography geographicaluniversity managerialphotography photographicalsociety sociologicaltechnology technological
electricity electricalRule for the left column?
What do they have in common?
biology policygeography universityphotography societytechnology electricity
And where is the stress?
“3rd Last” Rule:
For words that end in consonant + y
-cy
-ty
-gy
-phy
-fy
Stress falls on the third last syllable.
* not -ly
More examples
quality
democracy
allergy
atrophy
clarify
equality
archaeology
choreography
Another “3rd Last” Rule:In words that end in
-ise / -ize
-ate
stress falls on the3rd last syllable.
Some –ise / ize examples:
accessorise acclimatise advertise globalise
agonise anesthetise anodise antagonise
apologise brutalise computerise idolise
dehumanise mobilise legalise magnetise
organise dramatise emphasise energise
epitomise fantasise fertilise finalise
Some –ate examples
generate certificate passionate
graduate advocate separate
appropriate estimate associate
concentrate illustrate participate
immediate corporate chocolate
negotiate communicate accommodate
advocate anticipate delegate
Some of these are heteronyms
SecondaryStress
Long words have a second
stressed syllable, with
weaker stress.
Secondary Stress Example
as-SOC-i-A-tion
Primary stress
Secondary stress
Revision:• 2 syllable nouns/adjectives: stress penultimate
syllable (2nd last). (many exceptions)
• 2 syllable verbs: stress ultimate (last) syllable. (most)
• Stress before –ic• Stress before –tion (-sion, -cion, -xion)• Stress on ante-penultimate syllable (3rd last) for
words that end in:1. consonant plus y, (not –ly)2. -ise (/-ize), 3. -ate
That wasn’t so hard now, was it?
