streams (rivers) stream = water flowing downhill in a defined channel. amount of flow significant....
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![Page 1: Streams (Rivers) Stream = water flowing downhill in a defined channel. Amount of flow significant. Usually varies seasonally. (wet season & dry season)](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d555503460f94a320d3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
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Streams (Rivers)• Stream = water flowing downhill in a
defined channel.
• Amount of flow significant. Usually varies seasonally. (wet season & dry season)
• Substrate important. (bedrock, gravel, silt)
• Amount of floating particles (turbidity) is important.
What physical conditions do flow, substrate, & turbidity affect?
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Energy in Streams• Photosynthesis can occur in stream via
periphyon (attached “algae”) or macrophytes (larger multicellular photosynthesizers).
What conditions need to occur for photosynthesis to happen in stream?
• Most streams heavily dependent on external organic matter inputs (leaf litter) to support their food webs.
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N. Amer. vs. S. Amer. Streams• How do temperature and sunlight vary
between temperate N. America and tropical S. America?
• How does precipitation vary between temperate N. America and tropical S. America?
• How do leaf litter inputs vary between temperate N. America and tropical S. America?
![Page 7: Streams (Rivers) Stream = water flowing downhill in a defined channel. Amount of flow significant. Usually varies seasonally. (wet season & dry season)](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d555503460f94a320d3/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
N. Amer. Stream Food Web
periphyton
grazinginsects &
crustaceans
grazingfishes
bacteria& fungi
fine organic matter
collectinginsects, crust.,nematodes, &
annelids
leaf litter
predatoryinsects &
crustaceans
dissolved organiccompounds
runoff orgroundwater entry
coarseorganic matter
bacteria& fungi
conditioning(microbial colonization)
shreddinginsects &
crustaceans
“predatory”fishes
![Page 8: Streams (Rivers) Stream = water flowing downhill in a defined channel. Amount of flow significant. Usually varies seasonally. (wet season & dry season)](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d555503460f94a320d3/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
S. Amer. Stream Food Web
periphyton
grazingFISHES &
crustaceans
bacteria& fungi
fine organic matter
detritivoreFISHES, crust.,nematodes, &
annelids
leaf litter
dissolved organiccompounds
runoff orgroundwater entry
coarseorganic matter
bacteria& fungi
conditioning(microbial colonization)
herbivoreFISHES &
crustaceans
“predatory”FISHES
Relatively few aquatic insects.
![Page 9: Streams (Rivers) Stream = water flowing downhill in a defined channel. Amount of flow significant. Usually varies seasonally. (wet season & dry season)](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d555503460f94a320d3/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
?
Aquatic InsectO-rama
@ lower trophic levels
Fish O-rama@ lower trophic
levels
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Estuaries• Estuary = semi-enclosed body of water
where freshwater from land drainage dilutes sea water.
• Amount of stream flow again significant. Usually varies seasonally. (wet season & dry season)
• Tidal and wave activity also significant.
• Salinity varies.
• Much organic matter deposited (mud).
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Sea Grass Beds• Seagrasses live completely submerged
and can tolerate fully marine water.
• Require a soft particulate substrate and low turbidity.
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Coral Reefs
• Reef = a solid outcrop in shallow water reached by sunlight.
• Coral Reef = a solid outcrop created by the action of coral animals in shallow water reached by sunlight.
• Coral reefs require shallow, 23-25 º C, clear water (low in nitrogen).
• Very sensitive to perturbation and stress.
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Coral Animals
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flatback reef
reefface
Fringing Coral Reefs
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Acropora palifera Forms
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Coral Bleaching
![Page 23: Streams (Rivers) Stream = water flowing downhill in a defined channel. Amount of flow significant. Usually varies seasonally. (wet season & dry season)](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d555503460f94a320d3/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Coral Reef Food Webs• Primary producers = algae in corals,
periphyton (algae), and macrophytic algae.
• External inputs = plankton from open water (usually very important)
• Trophic patterns very complicated.
• Cleaner fishes.
• Coral eaters
(parrot fishes).
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