strawberry production in soilless substrate troughs - an...
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Strawberry Production in Soilless Substrate Troughs
- An Alternative to Soil Fumigation
Dong WangUSDA-ARS, Parlier, CA
J. Gartung, P. Vaughan, J. Gerik, M. Z. Gabriel, ARS, Parlier
Tom Sjulin, Horticultural Consultant
Dan Legard, California Strawberry Commission
USDA-ARS ~ Water Management ResearchSan Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center ~ Parlier, California, USA
Aug 11, 2009
Strawberry soil fumigation facts:
About 96% of strawberry fields in California are fumigated with either methyl bromide or alternative fumigants
Approximately 70% of all fumigants used in California are on strawberries
Strawberry has been grown in Europe using peat moss, coconut coir, perlite, or a mixture of these substrates in different types of containers or troughs
USDA-ARS ~ Water Management ResearchSan Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center ~ Parlier, California, USA
Project initiated Aug 2008 in• Santa Maria• Watsonville (Mont. Bay Academy)
Objective:Overall feasibility & system performance
Why using substrate in troughs?• Disease avoidance
USDA-ARS ~ Water Management ResearchSan Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center ~ Parlier, California, USA
Substrates
1. Field soil2. 60% Peat : 40% Perlite3. 67% Peat : 33% Rice hulls4. 67% Coir : 33% Rice hulls5. 100% Coir6. 100% Peat
USDA-ARS ~ Water Management ResearchSan Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center ~ Parlier, California, USA
Santa Maria Trial • Planted Nov 2, 2008
– 2 rows per trough– 4 rows per bed
• Cultivars – Albion– Camino Real,– Ventana
• Replaced in June with Portola
USDA-ARS ~ Water Management ResearchSan Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center ~ Parlier, California, USA
Hemispherical Troughs (10-inch dia.)2 per bed, formed into bed-tops
Raised beds are typical of district, four-row, 64” spacing, 40” bed-top,
18” height
USDA-ARS ~ Water Management ResearchSan Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center ~ Parlier, California, USA
Each substrate-mulch combination is represented by a single 390-ft raised bed
USDA-ARS ~ Water Management ResearchSan Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center ~ Parlier, California, USA
Mulch was applied over troughs
USDA-ARS ~ Water Management ResearchSan Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center ~ Parlier, California, USA
Mar Vista Farm, Santa Maria, CAApril 16, 2009
USDA-ARS ~ Water Management ResearchSan Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center ~ Parlier, California, USA
Watsonville Trial• Planted Nov 14, 2008
– 1 row per trough– 2 rows per bed
• Cultivars – Albion– Monterey– Portola– San Andreas
USDA-ARS ~ Water Management ResearchSan Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center ~ Parlier, California, USA
Watsonville “W” Design
USDA-ARS ~ Water Management ResearchSan Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center ~ Parlier, California, USA
Completed Troughs Formed in Beds
Raised beds are typical of district, two-row, 52” spacing, 30” bed-top, 15” height
Trough is 16” wide at top, tapering to 12” at bottom; Each leg of “W” is 6” deep
USDA-ARS ~ Water Management ResearchSan Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center ~ Parlier, California, USA
Laying Landscape Fabric into Troughs
USDA-ARS ~ Water Management ResearchSan Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center ~ Parlier, California, USA
Adding Substrate to Troughs
USDA-ARS ~ Water Management ResearchSan Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center ~ Parlier, California, USA
Planting Through Mulch
USDA-ARS ~ Water Management ResearchSan Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center ~ Parlier, California, USA
Monterey Bay Academy Farm, Watsonville, CAApril 8, 2009
IR Canopy Cover Measurement
USDA-ARS ~ Water Management ResearchSan Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center ~ Parlier, California, USA
Santa Maria RaBet Study(Albion, 100 ETc)
0
20
40
60
80
100
4/25/2009 5/10/2009 5/25/2009 6/9/2009 6/24/2009 7/9/2009
Time
Can
opy
cove
r (%
)
Field soilPeat:PerlitePeat:Rice hullsCoir:Rice hullsCoir
USDA-ARS ~ Water Management ResearchSan Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center ~ Parlier, California, USA
Aug 11, 2009
Watsonville Trial – Irrigation
TDR Soil Moisture
Weather Station - ETo
Irrigation/Fertigation
USDA-ARSWater Management Lab
Parlier, CA
Land Line Modem
USDA-ARS ~ Water Management ResearchSan Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center ~ Parlier, California, USA
Aug 11, 2009
MBA 2009Green Mulch
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
7/7 7/8 7/9 7/10 7/11 7/12 7/13 7/14 7/15Volu
metr
ic w
ate
r conte
nt (v
/v)
Peat:Perlite Peat:Rice hulls
USDA-ARS ~ Water Management ResearchSan Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center ~ Parlier, California, USA
Aug 11, 2009
MBA 2009
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
4/10 4/20 4/30 5/10 5/20 5/30 6/9 6/19 6/29 7/9 7/19
Date
Cum
ulat
ive
Irrig
atio
n (m
m)
IrrigationETo
USDA-ARS ~ Water Management ResearchSan Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center ~ Parlier, California, USA
Aug 11, 2009
Santa Maria Trial – IrrigationUSDA-ARS
Water Management LabParlier, CAWireless Modem
USDA-ARS ~ Water Management ResearchSan Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center ~ Parlier, California, USA
Aug 11, 2009
Santa Maria 2009
0100200300400500600700800
4/10 4/20 4/30 5/10 5/20 5/30 6/9 6/19 6/29 7/9 7/19
Date
Cum
ulat
ive
Irrig
atio
n (m
m)
Ventana / PortolaCamino RealAlbion 100 ETAlbion 150 ETAlbion 200 ETETo 22Apr09+
USDA-ARS ~ Water Management ResearchSan Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center ~ Parlier, California, USA
Santa Maria Trial – Yield
Santa Maria, 2009
45,000
50,000
55,000
60,000
65,000
Coir Coir-Ricehulls
Field Soil Peat-Perlite Peat-Ricehulls
Substrate Medium
Mar
keta
ble
Yiel
d (k
g/ha
) 100%ET150%ET200%ET
USDA-ARS ~ Water Management ResearchSan Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center ~ Parlier, California, USA
Aug 11, 2009
Acknowledgement:• California Strawberry Commission• Mar Vista Farms (Greg France)• Dole Berry Farms, LLC• USDA and UC Staff Members