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Strategies for California's Reimplementation of SNAP Time Limits for AbleBodied Adults without Dependents (ABAWD) By Erin Mullin For California Association of Food Banks Mills College Public Policy Program April 30, 2016

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    Strategies  for  California's  Reimplementation  of  SNAP  

    Time  Limits  for  Able-‐Bodied  Adults  without  

    Dependents  (ABAWD)    

    By  Erin  Mullin  

    For  California  Association  of  Food  Banks  

    Mills  College  Public  Policy  Program  

    April  30,  2016  

     

     

  •   ii  

    Disclaimer  Page    

    This  study  has  been  prepared  for  the  California  Association  of  Food  Banks,  Oakland,  CA.    The  student  author  conducted  this  study  in  partial  fulfillment  of  the  requirements  for  the  degree  of  Master  of  Public  Policy  at  Mills  College.  The  judgments  and  conclusions  are  solely  those  of  the  author,  and  are  not  necessarily  endorsed  by  the  Mills  College  Public  Policy  Program,  the  sponsoring  Client  organization,  or  any  other  organization  or  agency.  

  •   iii  

    Executive  Summary  

    California  is  faced  with  the  challenge  of  implementing  the  Supplemental  Nutrition  Assistance  Program  (SNAP)  time  limit,  for  the  first  time  since  2007,  on  people  who  are  in  need  of  food  assistance  and  may  be  unemployed  at  no  fault  of  their  own.  The  California  Department  of  Social  Services  (CDSS)  and  county  social  service  agencies  are  tasked  with  implementing  the  federally  mandated  policy  for  CalFresh.    

    The  federal  policy  restricts  anyone  defined  as  an  able-‐bodied  adult  without  dependents  (ABAWD)  to  three  months  of  SNAP  benefits  within  a  36-‐month  cycle  set  by  the  state  program.  An  ABAWD  is  an  adult  18-‐49  years  old  that  has  no  work  limiting  disability  and  resides  in  a  household  with  no  children.  ABAWDs  who  are  employed  at  least  20  hours  a  week,  participate  in  a  work  program,  or  qualify  for  exemptions  are  eligible  for  a  waiver  to  the  time  limit.    

    Adequate  policies,  procedure,  and  programs  are  not  in  place  to  properly  implement  this  policy.  The  reinstatement  of  the  3-‐month  time  limit  on  SNAP  benefits  in  California  will  place  hundreds  of  thousands  of  ABAWDs  at  risk  of  losing  their  CalFresh  benefits  if  they  are  unable  to  meet  the  work  requirements.  ABAWDs  receive  approximately  $700.6  million  in  federal  benefits  annually  that  generate  $1.25  billion  in  state-‐economic  activity.  This  economic  activity  will  be  lost  if  ABAWDs  loss  their  benefits.    

    This  report  identifies  best  practices  from  states  and  counties  already  implementing  the  time  limit  policy  and  explores  the  potential  for  California  to  adopt  individual  practices  in  the  implementation  of  the  36-‐month  clock,  use  of  waivers,  how  to  screen  and  track,  and  the  use  of  SNAP  Employment  and  Training  (E&T)  programs.  Explicit  consideration  was  given  to  the  potential  for  each  practice  to  keep  as  many  ABAWDs  exempt  from  the  time  limit.  My  analysis  lead  to  the  following  recommendations  for  the  CDSS  and  county  welfare  departments  to  prepare  for  the  proper  implementation  of  the  ABAWD  time  limit  when  the  statewide  waiver  ends  on  December  31,  2017:  

    1) Use  the  flexible  36-‐month  clock  start  date  to  begin  the  first  36-‐month  cycle  before  the  waiver  is  up  and  as  soon  as  possible.    

    2) Make  full  use  of  waivers,  15%  exemption,  and  individual  exemptions.  Apply  for  waivers  in  all  eligible  areas  including  sub-‐county  areas.  Apply  the  15%  

  •   iv  

    exemptions  to  the  most  vulnerable  ABAWDs  at  risk  of  losing  their  benefits.  Conduct  an  in-‐depth  analysis  of  the  ABAWD  population  in  California  to  determine  who  and  where  these  individuals  are.    

    3) Revise  policies  and  procedures  around  “able-‐bodied  adults  without  benefits”  with  a  focus  on  taking  advantage  of  the  flexibility  around  determining  “fitness  to  work”.    

    4) Expand  E&T  activities  to  ABAWDs  taking  advantage  of  funding  sources  and  partners  in  order  to  create  sustainable  programs  focused  on  moving  people  off  welfare  and  towards  permanent  employment  and  self-‐sufficiency.  

    By  following  these  recommendations  CalFresh  can  maximize  resources  available  in  order  to  minimize  the  burden  to  state  and  county  administrators  and  keep  as  many  ABAWDs  exempt  from  the  time  limit  as  possible.  These  actions  will  help  keep  food  on  the  tables  on  thousands  of  needy  Californians  and  generate  economic  activity  benefiting  the  entire  state.  

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