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strategies for synergism

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N N L L R R A A A STRATEGIES FOR SYNERGISM • Purpose: (river)flood pro- tection / reducing the risk of bursting • Working with nature: imitating natural levees • Synergy: urban land use • Purpose: (sea) flood protec- tion, freshwater supply • Working with nature: using sand and other sediment flows / seasonal storage of fresh water • Synergy of dunes and nature, recreation and drinking water supply / polders: agricultural and urban land use • Purpose: (river)flood protec- tion • Working with nature: increa- sing river flow capacity as an alternative for building higher dikes • Synergy: water management and mining (gravel, sand, clay) / floodplains with nature and recreation • Purpose: conditions for good water quality • Working with nature: water flows from clean to polluted / use of pure sources, wetland purification • Synergy of water flows and land use: N-nature, L-leisure, R-residential, A-agricultural • Purpose: drainage, (rainwater)flood protection, water conservation • Working with nature: peak- and seaso- nal storage in surface water, wetland purification • Synergy of water system, green struc- ture and green edges in urban and rural landscapes • Purpose: conditions for good water quality • Working with nature: water flows from clean to polluted / use of pure sources, wetland purifica- tion • Synergy: water flows + land use: D-drinking water, N-nature, F- forestry, L-leisure, R-residential, I-industrial, A-agricultural • Purpose: first storage of rainwater run-off in densely urbanised situations • Working with nature: open gullies that carry rainwater to surface water (reduce under- ground drains) • Synergy: rainwater drainage and street design / water storage and green spaces • Purpose: drainage, (rainwater) flood protection, water conser- vation • Working with nature: peak- and seasonal storage in ground water, wetland purification. First storage in ‘wadis’, gradual infiltration • Synergy of water system, green structure and green edges in urban and rural landscapes • Purpose: first storage of rainwa- ter run-off • Working with nature: infiltration to phreatic groundwater, wet- land purification • Synergy: water storage and green spaces / biodiversity • Purpose: first storage of rainwater run- off • Working with nature: fluctuating water table for storage of rainwater in surface water / natural banks with water plants (purification) / water depth enough for cooling in summer and not freezing to the bottom in winter • Synergy: water storage and greenways; conditions for aquatic diversity and dry to wet gradients for biodiversity DELTA / RIVER WATER LOWLANDS / POLDERS UPLANDS URBAN Wadi model Models for floodplains Estuary model Infiltration model river pure source ‘wadis’ / swales peak storage Circulation model Lowland connection model Upland connection model blue-green heating&cooling model Bio-CHP heat model ENERGY national global regional c i t y urban fringe FOOD world market large scale bulk production agro-parks urban agriculture industrial agriculture supermarkets local and streetmarkets TRAFFIC COMMUTING MARKET ringroad model abc cluster model PHASE 1 PHASE 2 PHASE 3 a b c inner ring outer ring randlengte inner ring outer ring randlengte TRAFFIC MARKET TRANSPORTATION MATKET corridor model green bike path model park- and bike bike path network bike path network train network motorway CS G U I D I N G M O D E L S AREAS Cascade model synergism traffic food energy water S.P.Tjallingii J.F.Jonkhof 01-07-12 a conceptual toolkit for planners and designers a guiding model for flows and urban development Higher dikes ? wind wind wind koeling uit op- pervlaktewater • Purpose: Use blue-green network in the city to cre- ate conditions for energy and climate strategies • Working with nature: Coo- ling the urban heat island in hot summers through blue-green corridors, star- ting with natural valleys in urban landscape / heat extraction from (circula- ting) surface water • Synergy between urban climate strategy, urban landscape structure, parks and greenspaces • Purpose: Saving energy use, using sustainable resources • Working with nature: cas- cading, exergy principle, use of residual heat flows and residual biomass flows / use of geothermy, wind, solar and water energy / underground heat and cold storage • Synergy: Combined Po- wer Heat (CHP) systems at district level / synergy of activities by using residual heat and residual biomass urban heat network model biogas bio-CHP windpark heat network electricity network heat&cold storage • Purpose: Reducing transport need and promoting pu- blic transport by clustering activities that require optimal access for people (a), people and goods (b) and goods transport (c) • Working with nature: Crea- ting space and rest outside the clusters • Synergy between offices, (agro) industrial and commer- cial activities and their traffic needs • Purpose: Reducing transport need for commuters who want to live ‘in the green’ and work in the city / Keeping ring-roads at distance from the green edge of the city • Working with nature: Crea- ting space for use of lands- cape ecological potential for creating attractive green edges • Synergy between outer ring at distance from the edge and industrial/commercial areas • synergy between inner rings in tunnels and built and green programmes on their roofs • Purpose: Improving the regu- lation of traffic flows / redu- cing congestion and creating conditions to overcome traffic barriers • Working with nature: Concen- trating traffic axes to con- centrate investment in noise and pollution control and in bridges and tunnels for green connectivity • Synergy by separating traffic flows functionally and con- centrating them spatially • Purpose: Creating attractive conditions for the use of bicycles in urban areas. • Working with nature: Using blue-green structure of the city as a basis of an attractive bike path network. • Synergy of traffic flows: bike parking facilities and rental bikes at key parking spaces and train stations / synergy between streets and bike lanes, parks and bike lanes storm flood barrier sea salt water fresh water inlet seasonal storage river super dike gully gully river river bypass bypass N F D I L R A river river urban drains / canals pure source pump peak/seasonal storage Greenway model ‘Gracht’ model bypass & gully model ! super dike model ! • Purpose: prevention of run-off nuisance / avoidance combined sewers • Working with nature: slow- down rainwater run-off, starting on roofs or using rainwater inside buildings • Stepwise retention of rainwa- ter: buildings, streets, parks, urban fringe, river • Synergy: rainwater and green roofs, water storage and water use inside buil- dings, water and green spaces, parks / blue-green quality in urban fringes large scale bulk production logistic centre urban agriculture model agro-park model TWO NETWORKS STRATEGY regional carriers model TWO NETWORKS STRATEGY activities model TWO NETWORKS STRATEGY urban structure model

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A conceptual toolkit for planners and designers. A guiding model for flows and urban development

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Page 1: strategies for synergism

N

NL

LR

R

A

A

A

S T R A T E G I E S F O R S Y N E R G I S M

• Purpose:(river)floodpro-tection/reducingtheriskofbursting

• Workingwithnature:imitatingnaturallevees

• Synergy:urbanlanduse

• Purpose:(sea)floodprotec-tion,freshwatersupply

• Workingwithnature:usingsandandothersedimentflows/seasonalstorageoffreshwater

• Synergyofdunesandnature,recreationanddrinkingwatersupply/polders:agriculturalandurbanlanduse

• Purpose:(river)floodprotec-tion

• Workingwithnature:increa-singriverflowcapacityasanalternativeforbuildinghigherdikes

• Synergy:watermanagementandmining(gravel,sand,clay)/floodplainswithnatureandrecreation

• Purpose:conditionsforgoodwaterquality

• Workingwithnature:waterflowsfromcleantopolluted/useofpuresources,wetlandpurification

• Synergyofwaterflowsandlanduse: N-nature,L-leisure, R-residential,A-agricultural

• Purpose:drainage,(rainwater)floodprotection,waterconservation

• Workingwithnature:peak-andseaso-nalstorageinsurfacewater,wetlandpurification

• Synergyofwatersystem,greenstruc-tureandgreenedgesinurbanandrurallandscapes

• Purpose:conditionsforgoodwaterquality

• Workingwithnature:waterflowsfromcleantopolluted/useofpuresources,wetlandpurifica-tion

• Synergy:waterflows+landuse:D-drinkingwater,N-nature,F-forestry,L-leisure,R-residential,I-industrial,A-agricultural

• Purpose:firststorageofrainwaterrun-offindenselyurbanisedsituations

• Workingwithnature:opengulliesthatcarryrainwatertosurfacewater(reduceunder-grounddrains)

• Synergy:rainwaterdrainageandstreetdesign/waterstorageandgreenspaces

• Purpose:drainage,(rainwater)floodprotection,waterconser-vation

• Workingwithnature:peak-andseasonalstorageingroundwater,wetlandpurification.Firststoragein‘wadis’,gradualinfiltration

• Synergyofwatersystem,greenstructureandgreenedgesinurbanandrurallandscapes

• Purpose:firststorageofrainwa-terrun-off

• Workingwithnature:infiltrationtophreaticgroundwater,wet-landpurification

• Synergy:waterstorageandgreenspaces/biodiversity

• Purpose:firststorageofrainwaterrun-off

• Workingwithnature:fluctuatingwatertableforstorageofrainwaterinsurfacewater/naturalbankswithwaterplants(purification)/waterdepthenoughforcoolinginsummerandnotfreezingtothebottominwinter

• Synergy:waterstorageandgreenways;conditionsforaquaticdiversityanddrytowetgradientsforbiodiversity

DELTA/RIVERWATER

LOWLANDS/POLDERS UPLANDS URBAN

Wadimodel

Modelsforfloodplains

Estuarymodel

Infiltrationmodelriver pure source

‘wadis’ / swales

peak storage

Circulationmodel

Lowlandconnectionmodel Uplandconnectionmodel

blue-greenheating&coolingmodelBio-CHPheatmodel

ENERGY

national

g l o b a l

regional

c i t y

u r b a nf r i n g e

FOOD

world market

large scale bulk production

agro-parks

urban agriculture

industrialagriculture

supermarkets

local and streetmarkets

TRAFFIC

CO

MM

UT

ING

M

AR

KE

T

ringroadmodelabcclustermodel

PHASE 1

PHASE 2

PHASE 3

a

b

c

inner ring

outer ring

randlengte

inner ring

outer ring

randlengte

TR

AF

FIC

M

AR

KE

TT

RA

NS

PO

RT

AT

ION

MA

TK

ET

corridormodel

greenbikepathmodel park- and bike

bike path network

bike path networktrain network

motorway

CS

GU

ID

IN

G

MO

DE

LS

AREAS

Cascademodel

synergism

traffic

food

energy

water

S . P. T j a l l i n g i iJ . F . J o n k h o f0 1 - 0 7 - 1 2

a c o n c e p t u a l t o o l k i t f o r p l a n n e r s a n d d e s i g n e r sa g u i d i n g m o d e l f o r f l o w s a n d u r b a n d e v e l o p m e n t

Higher dikes ?

wind

wind

wind

koeling uit op-pervlaktewater

• Purpose:Useblue-greennetworkinthecitytocre-ateconditionsforenergyandclimatestrategies

• Workingwithnature:Coo-lingtheurbanheatislandinhotsummersthroughblue-greencorridors,star-tingwithnaturalvalleysinurbanlandscape/heatextractionfrom(circula-ting)surfacewater

• Synergybetweenurbanclimatestrategy,urbanlandscapestructure,parksandgreenspaces

• Purpose:Savingenergyuse,usingsustainableresources

• Workingwithnature:cas-cading,exergyprinciple,useofresidualheatflowsandresidualbiomassflows/useofgeothermy,wind,solarandwaterenergy/undergroundheatandcoldstorage

• Synergy:CombinedPo-werHeat(CHP)systemsatdistrictlevel/synergyofactivitiesbyusingresidualheatandresidualbiomass

urbanheatnetworkmodel

biogas

bio-CHP

windpark

heat network

electricity network

heat&cold storage

• Purpose:Reducingtransportneedandpromotingpu-blictransportbyclusteringactivitiesthatrequireoptimalaccessforpeople(a),peopleandgoods(b)andgoodstransport(c)

• Workingwithnature:Crea-tingspaceandrestoutsidetheclusters

• Synergybetweenoffices,(agro)industrialandcommer-cialactivitiesandtheirtrafficneeds

• Purpose:Reducingtransportneedforcommuterswhowanttolive‘inthegreen’andworkinthecity/Keepingring-roadsatdistancefromthegreen edgeofthecity

• Workingwithnature:Crea-tingspaceforuseoflands-capeecologicalpotentialforcreatingattractivegreenedges

• Synergybetweenouterringatdistancefromtheedgeandindustrial/commercialareas

• synergybetweeninnerringsintunnelsandbuiltandgreenprogrammesontheirroofs

• Purpose:Improvingtheregu-lationoftrafficflows/redu-cingcongestionandcreatingconditionstoovercometrafficbarriers

• Workingwithnature:Concen-tratingtrafficaxestocon-centrateinvestmentinnoiseandpollutioncontrolandinbridgesandtunnelsforgreenconnectivity

• Synergybyseparatingtrafficflowsfunctionallyandcon-centratingthemspatially

• Purpose:Creatingattractiveconditionsfortheuseofbicyclesinurbanareas.

• Workingwithnature:Usingblue-greenstructureofthecityasabasisofanattractivebikepathnetwork.

• Synergyoftrafficflows:bikeparkingfacilitiesandrentalbikesatkeyparkingspacesandtrainstations/synergybetweenstreetsandbikelanes,parksandbikelanes

storm flood barrier

sea

salt waterfresh water

inlet

seasonal storage

riversuper dike

gully

gully

river

river

bypass

bypass

NF DI L RA

river

river

urban drains / canals

pure source

pump

peak/seasonal storage

Greenwaymodel‘Gracht’model

bypass & gully model !

super dike model !

• Purpose:preventionofrun-offnuisance/avoidancecombinedsewers

• Workingwithnature:slow-downrainwaterrun-off,startingonroofsorusingrainwaterinsidebuildings

• Stepwiseretentionofrainwa-ter:buildings,streets,parks,urbanfringe,river

• Synergy:rainwaterandgreenroofs,waterstorageandwateruseinsidebuil-dings,waterandgreenspaces,parks/blue-greenqualityinurbanfringes

large scale bulk production

logistic centre

urbanagriculturemodel

agro-parkmodel

TWO NETWORKS STRATEGYregionalcarriersmodel

TWO NETWORKS STRATEGYactivitiesmodel

TWO NETWORKS STRATEGYurbanstructuremodel

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