WWF NepalProgram OfficeP.O. Box 7660Baluwatar, KathmanduNepal

Tel: 977 1 4410942/4434820/4434970Fax: 977 1 4438458E-mail: info@wwfnepal.orgWebsite: www.wwfnepal.org

WWF’s Mission is to stop the degradation of the planet’s natural environmentand to build a future in which humans live in harmony with nature by:� Conserving the world’s biological diversity;� Ensuring that the use of renewable natural resources is sustainable; and� Reducing pollution and wasteful consumption

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Prepared by WWF Nepal Programme Office

Published July 2006 by WWF-World Wide Fund ForNature (Formerly World Wildlife Fund), Kathmandu,Nepal.

Any reproduction in full or in part of this publication mustmention the title and credit the above-mentionedpublisher as the copyright owner.© WWF Nepal Strategic Plan (2006-2011)(July 2006). All rights reserved

The material and the geographical designations in thisreport do not imply the expression of any opinionwhatsoever on the part of WWF concerning the legalstatus of any country, territory, or area, or concerningthe delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

Cover photographs (clockwise from top):Mountains © WWF Nepal; Snow leopard © WWF-Canon /KLEIN & HUBERT; Daphne, Mani in the mountains,Rhododendrons © WWF Nepal / Rajendra GURUNG;Girls planting © WWF Nepal; Amchis, Child carrying wood© WWF Nepal / Thomas L KELLY; Tiger © WWF-Canon /Martin HARVEY; Kingfisher, Children swimming, Tharuwoman © WWF-Canon/ Jeff FOOTT; Asian elephant ©WWF Nepal; Rhino © WWF - Canon/Michel GUNTHER

Designed and Printed by Power Communication,Kathmandu, Nepal.

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ContentsAcronyms ivForeword vWWF Nepal Strategic Plan (2006–2011) Development Team viExecutive Summary viiAcknowledgement xiii

INTRODUCTION 2

THE NEPALI CONTEXT 4Conservation Challenges in Nepal 8

WWF IN NEPAL 10Progress Made (2002-2006) 13Lessons Learned 15Vision - Mission - Goal 17Conservation Priorities 18Priority Thematic Programs 18Priority Working Areas 19

CONSERVATION STRATEGIES 26Forests 28Species 29Climate Change and Energy 30Freshwater 31Support ProgramsPolicy and Advocacy 32Sustainable Livelihoods 33Education and Capacity Building 35Communications and Marketing 36Expected Outcomes 37

BUSINESS PLAN 40Program Implementation: Improved Paradigms 42Human Resource Development 46Staff Accountability Setting 49Organizational Structure 49Fund Mobilization and Strategy 53Information and Communication Technology (ICT) 54Redressing Risks and Scenarios 56Summary of Financial Projections 58

ANNEXES 60

APPENDICES 86

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ADB Asian Development BankBDS- MaPS Business Development Services and Marketing and Production ServicesCBOs Community-based organizationsCR Country RepresentativeDDCs District Development CommitteesDHM Department of Hydrology and MeteorologyDNPWC Department of National Parks and Wildlife ConservationDoF Department of ForestsEHEC Eastern Himalayan Ecoregion ComplexF&A Finance and administrationFY Fiscal yearGAA Government aid agencyGDP Gross domestic productGIS Geographic information systemGLOF Glacier lake outburst floodHR Human resourcesICDP Integrated Conservation and Development ProgrammeICIMOD International Center for Integrated Mountain DevelopmentINGOs International non-governmental organizationsIUCN The World Conservation UnionKm KilometerKm2 Square kilometersMAPs Medicinal and aromatic plantsMFSC Ministry of Forests and Soil ConservationMoEST Ministry of Environment, Science and TechnologyMoU Memorandum of UnderstandingNBS Nepal Biodiversity StrategyNGOs Non-governmental organizationsNM Northern MountainsNTFPs Non-timber forest productsOA Organizational assessmentPC Personal computerSHL Sacred Himalayan LandscapeSPNP Shey Phoksumdo National ParkSpp SpeciesSWC Social Welfare CouncilTAL Terai Arc LandscapeTMI The Mountain InstituteUN United NationsVDCs Village Development CommitteesWTLB/CP Western Terai Landscape Building/ Complex ProjectWWF World Wide Fund for Nature

Acronyms

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There is but one way to face the future –with optimism and confidence that we cando what we aim for if we have a strongand true foundation.

The WWF Nepal Strategic Plan (2006 –2011) is not only our roots for the nextfive years but is also the dream that willguide us to important gains forbiodiversity conservation in Nepal. Inmore than four decades that WWF hasbeen in the nation, we have thought big,started strong and seen things through.

This is apparent in our recent past whenwe contributed to the vision andimplementation of the Terai ArcLandscape. Innovation means a certainamount of risk and WWF Nepal has takenon several challenges so that futuregenerations too will benefit from naturethat is still vibrant and rich.

The conflict situation that marked morethan a decade of Nepal’s recent historyimpacted people and nature, often inways that were linked together. Despiteadverse situations, we were able to forgeahead because of strong partnerships andgrassroots support, which remains of vital

Forewordimportance. Conservation, likedemocracy, must be of the people and forthe people to truly succeed.

Along with our major areas of work inspecies, forests, and freshwaterconservation, WWF Nepal will continue towork in the areas of climate change andsustainable livelihoods. We remaincommitted to acting locally, thinkingglobally, and introducing innovativeapproaches to deliver conservation resultsthat will have impacts from local to global.

WWF Nepal journeys into the next fiveyears with a set of goals and a plan thathas been put together through extensiveconsultations among stakeholders andpartners as well as in consultation withinthe WWF Network.

Together we can and will make adifference for a living planet.

Chandra P Gurung, PhDCountry Representative

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Guidance and SupervisionDr. Chandra P Gurung, Country RepresentativeMr. Anil Manandhar, Conservation Program DirectorMr. Prasant Singh, Director - Business Relations and Operation

Conservation Strategies and Related ComponentsMs. Neera Pradhan, Program Officer- FreshwaterMr. Sandeep C. Rai, Program Officer- Climate ChangeDr. Sarala Khaling, Director-Development, Research and MonitoringMr. Shubash Lohani, Planning and Monitoring OfficerMs. Trishna Gurung, Communication and Education Manager

Business Plan and Related ComponentsMs. Bandana Y Lepcha, Human Resource OfficerMr. Ghana Shyam Gurung, Director- Mountain UnitMr. Rajendra Gurung, Program Officer-Terai Arc Landscape, NepalMs. Rudriksha Parajuli, Program Officer- MountainMr. Santosh Nepal, Coordinator- Terai Arc Landscape, NepalMr. Sunil Mani Dahal, Project Support OfficerMs. Yeshi Choden Lama, Senior Program Officer- Mountain

WWF Nepal Strategic Plan(2006–2011)

Development Team

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I. Although Nepal accounts for only 0.09per cent of the Earth’s land mass, it isendowed with an amazingly rich andvaried biodiversity. This is largely attribut-able to its unique geographic location andwide altitudinal and climatic variations.Nepal also has a unique and diversepopulation made up of more than 100ethnic/caste groups with a variety ofcultures, languages, and religions.

II. Nepal is predominantly an agrariancountry. Irrigation methods are almostentirely traditional and little moderninfrastructure is available. The fertility ofNepal’s agricultural lands depends largelyon the health of water retention and otherecological services provided by thecountry’s vast natural resources, predomi-nantly its mountains and forests. WWFNepal strongly believes that efforts toconserve these critical resources shouldbe an integral part of any serious develop-ment initiative in Nepal.

III. This view is largely shared by policymakers and development agencies inNepal. Despite being one of the leastdeveloped countries, Nepal has con-ceived of and implemented some of mostunique and effective management modelsfor harnessing and protecting naturalresources. The management of conserva-tion areas and a significant proportion of

Nepal’s national forests by local commu-nities is one example of the innovativeapproaches taken by the Government ofNepal.

IV. However, the forests in Nepal areconstantly under threat from unsustain-able practices. Uncontrolled grazing, theover-harvesting of timber and fuelwood,encroachment due to population pres-sure, lack of awareness about conserva-tion issues due to high levels of povertyand illiteracy, and the lack of economicstimuli in recent times all threatenNepal’s forests. Such overexploitationeventually increases the vulnerability ofdependent populations of both wildlifeand humans.

V. For wildlife, the challenges do notstop just at fragmentation and loss ofhabitat. Conflict with humans leading toretaliatory killings and wide-scale poach-ing fuelled by the illegal wildlife tradefurther endanger their existence.

VI. Freshwater ecosystems are beingcontaminated by the use of in-organicfertilizers and by toxic residue fromchemical pesticides used to enhanceshort-term agriculture productivity. Thisis fast reaching a situation that couldseriously imperil the fertility of agricul-tural land in Nepal and have a far-

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reaching negative impact on biodiversityin general. In addition, global warning andclimate change are likely to have adevastating effect on Nepal’s fragilemountain ecosystems. The threat ofmajor glacier lake outburst floods(GLOFs) already appears imminent.GLOFs in Nepal have the potential todevastate, not only adjoining mountainareas, but also the fertile plains of Nepal’sTerai and a large part of Northern India.

VII. Conservation experts have seenthese challenges on the horizon for a longtime. WWF Nepal and its partners havebeen undertaking programs to addressthese challenges. While these effortshave significantly helped to prevent thesituation from spiralling out of control,nonetheless, much more remains to bedone. Programs must continue to addressthe root causes of biodiversity loss iningenuous and innovative ways. Financialand technical resources are urgentlyneeded now and over the long term tosupport such programs.

VIII. The Terai Arc Landscape (TAL)Program is one such ambitious initiativeembarked on by WWF Nepal, together withthe Government of Nepal. The TAL Pro-gram is based on a grand vision to bringabout the sustainable and peaceful co-existence of a significant portion of Nepal’sbiodiversity with one-quarter of its humanpopulation. This is a fascinating programcapable of setting yet another example forthe world to follow. The Terai is home to

magnificent endangered species like theBengal tiger, Asian elephant, and GreaterOne-horned rhinoceros. Accordingly, a highdegree of significance has been tagged tothis program and WWF Nepal and severalother agencies have been able to mobilizesizeable support. The program is producingexciting results well ahead of target, pavingway for WWF Nepal to replicate similarambitious landscape level initiatives.

IX. Towards the end of the last troubleddecade (1996–2006) most of the develop-ment efforts of the government andvarious international agencies came to avirtual standstill. Security became the toppriority for the government. Internationalagencies struggled to maintain theirneutrality and to keep the momentumgoing so as not to lose many decades ofwork. WWF Nepal held steady, againstthe odds. Its projects continued with evenmore vigour, involving communities andempowering them to be in control of thenatural resources in their vicinity. How-ever, WWF Nepal was unable to preventseveral setbacks to biodiversity. Thechallenges were simply overwhelming.

X. Today, as we give the final touchesto our Strategic Plan (2006–2011), a greatdeal of optimism is in the air. The peopleof Nepal, previously reduced to a passivestate, have bounced back with a ven-geance. But, this is also a very delicatetime. As an agency working in Nepal formany decades and staffed by hundredpercent Nepali staff, we know that the

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country can ill afford any more chaos andconflict. Still, we firmly believe that someof the attributes of Nepali society havechanged irreversibly in the past decadeor so. As a consequence, people are nowat the centre of development dialogueand interventions and will remain so inthe future.

XI. This vindicates the long-held view ofWWF Nepal that development efforts, ingeneral, and conservation initiatives, inparticular, can be effectively executedonly if they win the confidence of thepeople affected. For conservation initia-tives it is vital that people are educated asto the significance of conservation to theircurrent and future livelihoods, while alsoprovided with tangible benefits and relief inthe short term. For this to take placeefficiently, all development players shouldensure the establishment and involvementof right, able, and representative commu-nity institutions.

XII. These considerations were funda-mental to the evolution of WWF Nepal’sprogram implementation models in Nepal.As an international organization weremained engaged with the Governmentof Nepal in all of our endeavours. WWFNepal has tirelessly continued to institu-tionalize community based organizationsin the locations in which we work and tobuild their capacity for sustained andeffective delivery of conservation resultson the ground.

XIII. Our Strategic Plan (2006–2011)builds on the same logic, enriched by theexperiences of the last five years and thelessons learned. It is mindful of ourlimited institutional capacity. It factors inthe global challenges and opportunitiesthat conservation organizations includingWWF Nepal are expected to face incoming five years. It also takes intoconsideration the priorities set forth bythe Government of Nepal in its variouspolicies and plans. This plan is theoutcome of comprehensive discussionwith stakeholders and staff.

XIV. During 2006–2011, WWF Nepal’smajor conservation actions will takeplace in targeted areas within its threepriority landscapes: Terai Arc Landscape(TAL), Sacred Himalayan Landscape(SHL), and Northern Mountain Landscape(NML). Together, these landscapesconstitute over 38% of Nepal’s landmass. These landscapes have beenidentified as biologically outstandingwildlife habitats and fall within the Global200 Ecoregions.

XV. Within these landscapes, WWFNepal will strive for: (i) the protection of1.3 million hectares of representativeforest ecosystems under the ProtectedAreas system, (ii) the sustainablemanagement of 310,000 hectares ofcritical forests in identified corridors,bottlenecks, and biodiversity hotspots,and (iii) the restoration of 50,000 hect-

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ares of degraded forests. WWF Nepal willalso strive to maintain ecologically,demographically, and genetically viablepopulations of key species and species ofspecial concern. Strong efforts will bemade to minimize the human-wildlifeconflict. WWF Nepal, through livelihoodbased conservation initiatives, will try toreduce the threat to species from adjoin-ing human populations. Focused andconcerted efforts will be made, in collabo-ration with the government and otherpartners, to minimize the illegal wildlifetrade and overexploitation of key speciesand species of special concern.

XVI. In addition, WWF Nepal will worktowards maintaining critical environmentalprocesses at three Ramsar sites withinNepal supporting the habitats of keyfreshwater species. An integrated riverbasin management approach will bepiloted to manage critical areas in theKoshi river basin. WWF Nepal will en-deavour to increase awareness about theimpact of global warming and climatechange in Nepal among national andglobal stakeholders and audiences.Proactive measures will be taken tominimize the impacts of climate changeon the most vulnerable communities andecosystems in Nepal.

XVII. WWF Nepal will identify andpromote safer alternatives to the hazard-ous chemicals currently being used toincrease agricultural productivity. WWFNepal will provide affordable and environ-

mentally sustainable alternative energysources to the communities that it workswith.

XVIII. Social inclusion, good gover-nance, and transparency will be har-nessed to meet WWF Nepal’s overarchinggoals of biodiversity conservation andsustainable development. Promotion ofnon timber forest products (NTFP) andecotourism will be used as vehicles toimplement livelihood strategies. Allprojects and programs of WWF Nepal willbe geared towards social reconciliationand peace-building among the multipleand varied stakeholders in Nepal’s naturalresources.

XIX. WWF Nepal will educate thecommunities that it works with and theNepali population at large about environ-mental issues. Thousands of WWF Nepaldeveloped eco-club members will beinvolved in educating the youth onenvironmental issues and solutions. WWFNepal will engage business and industryin Nepal and make them partners inconservation.

XX. WWF Nepal will engage in dialoguewith government agencies and develop-ment organizations whose work couldotherwise negatively impact onbiodiversity in Nepal. Strong efforts will bemade to emphasize the need to recognizeand address environment perspectivesand concerns in development work ingeneral.

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XXI. The goals that WWF Nepal hasset are ambitious, considering our limitedorganizational capacity. However, theyare attainable if we effectively leveragethe combined capacities of relevantorganizations and projects working in thesame geographic and thematic areas.Some such organizations may not haveconservation on their agenda, yet theirwork could have a significant impact onconservation. Engaging these agencies inconservation efforts will also increase ourinfluence on them, harnessing in thebargain a much greater recognition of theconservation issues at hand. WWF Nepalwill duly recognize the expertise andcontribution of such partner organizationsand share its success generously.

XXII. WWF Nepal has been privilegedto work closely with the Government ofNepal ever since it started working inNepal. The Government of Nepal hasbeen immensely supportive of conserva-tion, bringing out consistently path-breaking policies and regulations. It hasalso directed its agencies to implementconservation projects with us. It was theefficient and result-delivering combinationof: (i) the authority and mandate ofgovernment-led projects, (ii) the accom-modative financial and technical supportof WWF Nepal, and (iii) the active involve-ment of communities that formed a winingcombination ensuring implementationeven during the last troubled decade. Forobvious reasons, WWF Nepal plans tocontinue this model in the years to come.

WWF Nepal, along with its partnerorganizations, will continue to engage thegovernment in policy dialogue paving theway for an even more progressive frame-work and policies.

XXIII. Many of the community basedorganizations (CBOs) that WWF Nepalhas been instrumental in establishinghave come of age. These CBOs can nowindependently implement a variety ofconservation activities concerning andimpacting on the communities theyrepresent. These and other similarorganizations will be a much moreprominent part of WWF Nepal’s projectimplementation strategy and businessmodel in this strategic plan period. WWFNepal expects that this development willconsiderably increase the effectivenessand efficiency of its projects and pro-grams.

XXIV. The consistent exposure ofWWF Nepal’s front-line field-based staffto the realities on the ground and theirskill in adapting to situations quickly,combined with the expertise of theprofessional staff in Kathmandu inresource mobilization, has proved to be awinning combination. This formula hashelped keep WWF Nepal’s conservationinitiatives afloat during the turbulent past.Efforts to build staff capacity and createan enabling environment for staff toperform optimally and prosper have paidrich dividends. WWF Nepal will continuethese endeavours with increased vigour.

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XXV. This strategic plan will aim for aclearer accountability structure throughoutthe organization. Incentives and growthwithin the organization will be linked moreobjectively to performance and effective-ness. The current Advisory Board will bereconstituted and activated to providestrategic guidance and direction to WWFNepal. Intra-office fundraising and auditteams will be formed to effectively leadthe resource mobilization and transpar-ency drives.

XXVI. While a degree of donor diversifi-cation was achieved during the last planperiod, WWF Nepal will continue to workhard to bring on board even more diversedonors. WWF Nepal will also make aneffort to secure long-term commitmentsfrom institutional donors for conservationin Nepal.

XXVII. Comprehensive monitoring andevaluation mechanisms will be furtherstrengthened, based on WWF Nepal’sexperience and lessons learned, to monitoractivities, output, purpose, impact, etc., atvarious levels. Monitoring will be con-

ducted at regular and practical intervalsfollowing our Monitoring and EvaluationFramework and WWF Network Standardsso as to bring to the fore lessons learnedand change the course of action whereneeded in a timely manner. A centraldatabase management system will bedeveloped to help with this process.

XXVIII. Despite all the excitement,goodwill, and proven institutional commit-ment, the business of biodiversity conser-vation in Nepal is not devoid of risks.Power politics can at times force hastydecisions pushing aside environmentalconcerns under the guise of publicinterest. Opening up the economy furthermight encourage an onslaught of foreigninvestors wishing to exploit Nepal’snatural resources without consideration ofthe impact of their deeds on its fragileecology and ecosystems. This wouldclearly add to the already intimidating listof challenges facing conservation inNepal. As a leading conservation organi-zation in Nepal we will prepare ourselvesto take on these challenge and any otherchallenges that may arise.

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AcknowledgmentsWWF Nepal acknowledges with gratitude thesupport received from the following partners,donors, and supporters:

Government of Nepal; Ministry of Forests and SoilConservation (MFSC); Ministry of Environment,Science and Technology (MOEST); Ministry ofCulture, Tourism and Civil Aviation (MOCTCA);Ministry of Finance (MOF); Ministry of Agricultureand Livestock; National Planning Commission(NPC); Social Welfare Council; Department ofNational Parks and Wildlife Conservation (DNPWC);Department of Forests (DoF); Department ofHydrology and Meteorology (DHM); Nepal TourismBoard (NTB).

Ministry of Foreign Affairs-Finland; The BritishEmbassy; The American Embassy; The Embassy ofPakistan; Royal Netherlands Embassy (New Delhi)

United States Agency for InternationalDevelopment(USAID); DGIS/Netherlands Develop-ment Organization (SNV); Kadoorie Agricultural AidAssociation (KAAA); Kadoorie Charitable Fund(KCF); The MacArthur Foundation; The Baber AliFoundation; Save the Tiger Fund (STF); US Fishand Wildlife Services (USFWS); Johnson andJohnson; IUCN Regional Office (Vietnam); Univer-sity of Zurich; Department for International Devel-opment (DFID); European Commission (EU)

Jim Ottaway; Late Hendrik J Schure; Dr Croucher;Singer Rankin; Cherie Bremer-Camp; Dr Ted Tai-SenLin; Victor and Caroline Adams; Dr Judith and MichaelBrown; Nancy Abraham.

WWF International (Asian Rhinos and ElephantAction Strategy Programme and WWF TigerProgramme); WWF US; WWF UK; WWF Finland;WWF Netherlands; WWF New Zealand; WWFFrance; WWF Germany; WWF China; WWFIndonesia; WWF South Pacific; WWF India;International Center for Integrated MountainDevelopment (ICIMOD); CARE Nepal; The WorldConservation Union (IUCN); United Nation’sDevelopment Program (UNDP); Alternative EnergyPromotion Center (AEPC); The Mountain Institute(TMI); Winrock International; JICA; PracticalAction; King Mahendra Trust for Nature Conserva-tion (KMTNC); Vaidya’s Organisation of Industriesand Trading Houses (VOITH); Resources HimalayaFoundation; Wildlife Conservation Nepal; Federa-tion of Community Forestry Users, Nepal(FECOFUN); Nepalnature.com; EnvironmentalCamps for Conservation Awareness (ECCA);Nepal Forum for Environmental Journalists(NEFEJ); Society of Environmental Journalists(SEJ); Clean Energy Nepal (CEN); BSP;Kathmandu University; Tribhuvan University

WWF Nepal would like to express specialthanks to: Community Based Organizations;Nepali media organizations; Forest UsersCoordination Committees; Community ForestUser’s Groups, Buffer Zone User’s Group; BufferZone Councils; Eco Club Networks;Kangchenjunga Conservation Area ManagementCouncil; Nepal Red Cross; Mother Groups; EcoClubs; Youth Clubs; District DevelopmentCommittees (DDCs); Village DevelopmentCommittees (VDCs); and local communities allover Nepal.

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1 WWF Nepal’s Strategic Plan (2002-2006), which concluded in June 2006,took place in one of the most turbulentperiods in Nepal’s history. The scale andintensity of the conflict between theMaoist insurgents and the state took atoll on the entire nation. Although WWFNepal is a neutral organization, our workwas not completely invulnerable to theeffects of the conflict.

2 Recent events in Nepal haveheralded positive changes in the politicalsituation. The nation is ready to move on,challenging age-old social and culturalnorms that held back progress, andaddressing the aspirations of a diversepopulation. The hopes of the entire Nepalipopulation have been rekindled at thisjuncture. WWF Nepal’s new StrategicPlan (2006-2011) could not have come ata better time.

3 WWF Nepal must seize everyopportunity to put the conservationagenda at the centre of developmentefforts which will be initiated by theGovernment of Nepal and its international

supporters. The state of biodiversity andthe environment in Nepal is intertwinedwith the wellbeing of the Nepali peopleand WWF Nepal will apply our resourcesto address the major causes and chal-lenges to loss of biodiversity. As sys-temic problems cannot be solved bycosmetic measures, in the coming years,organizations like ours will play animportant role in leading and inspiringchanges that will create a better future forthe nation.

4 The new strategic plan not onlyshows what needs to be done, but alsoaddresses how it can be achieved. Itforwards clear goals for WWF in Nepal inthe next five years, and what resourcesare required to realize this vision. Ourprinciples and strategies to deliverconservations results on the ground haveevolved with changes in Nepal’s workingenvironment. Despite the odds, in the lastfive years the capacities of WWF Nepal’spartners as well as our own have beensignificantly enhanced. The new strategicplan endeavors to capitalize on thesegains and lessons learned.

Introduction

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The Nepali ContextTHE COUNTRY

5 Nepal is a country of contrasts.Located between two giants, India andChina, Nepal stretches 145–241kilometres north to south and 850kilometres east to west, with a total landmass of 147,181 square kilometres. Forits relatively small size, Nepal has widealtitudinal and climatic variances, fromthe high mountains in the north, to theTerai in the south. Nepal lies betweenlatitudes 26°22’ to 30°27’ N and longitudes80°04’ to 88°12’ E.

6 Nepal can be divided into threeecological regions: the Terai (below 300m),the hills (300–3,000m), and the mountains(above 3,000m). The Terai is an extensionof the Gangetic plains of India andconstitutes approximately 18 per cent ofNepal’s total land area. The Terai is oftencalled the ‘rice bowl’ of Nepal due to itsfertile land. The hill region isphysiographically the most diverse, withridges and valleys, and constitutes about48 per cent of the total land area. Themountain region covers about 34 per cent

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POLITICAL CONTEXT

9 Change has been an all too familiarconstant in Nepal’s political history. Therehave been eight changes of PrimeMinister in the past five years. The locallyelected bodies at the village, municipal,and district levels have been absent sinceJuly 2002. Nepal’s Maoist insurgencybegan in a handful of districts in February1996 and spread rapidly to other parts ofthe country. In the last decade, Nepal hasbeen entangled in a three-way tusslebetween the monarchy, the politicalparties, and the Maoists. In the mostrecent political development, the parlia-ment that was dissolved on 22 May 2002was reinstated on 25 April 2006 after 19days of protest by the people. A procla-mation by the revived House of Represen-tative on 18 May 2006 established thepeople of Nepal as the sole source ofstate power and sovereignty. This politicaldevelopment has paved the way forconflict resolution and peace building inNepal.

10 The impact of the insurgency hasbeen enormous. The main physicaltargets have been infrastructure, indus-trial production, trade, and tourism, all ofwhich affect people and nature. Asnational security became the primaryconcern, there was a correspondingdecrease in the intensity of enforcementactivities. Protection units inside pro-tected areas shrank and forests andwildlife became vulnerable to illegalactivities like poaching for the illegalwildlife trade and the illegal harvest andsale of timber and non-timber forestproducts (NTFPs). Many protected areasand District Forest Office infrastructure

of the land area and is characterized byrugged terrain and a harsh climate.

7 Nepal comprises only 0.09 per centof the Earth’s global land mass, but itpossesses a much richer diversity of floraand fauna at the genetic, species, andecosystem levels than many othercountries. It supports 2.6 per cent of thetotal number of globally known butterflies(640spp), 1 per cent of freshwater fishspecies (182spp), 1 per cent of amphib-ians (43spp), 1.6 per cent of reptiles(100spp), 9.3 per cent of birds (852spp),and 4.5 per cent of mammals (181spp)(NBS 2002). Nepal is home to some ofthe world’s rarest animals and plantsincluding 3 critically endangered, 14endangered, and 42 vulnerable animalspecies, and two endangered and fourvulnerable plant species (2000 IUCN RedList of Threatened Species). This wealthof biodiversity and high level of endemismis due to Nepal’s location, at the intersec-tion of the Palearctic and Indo-Malayanbiogeographical realms, and its diversephysiography, high altitudinal variationwithin a short latitudinal distance, climaticcontrast, and seasonal rainfall pattern.

8 To complement its naturalbiodiversity, Nepal has what is popularlyknown as ‘a garden of peoples’. Over 100different ethnic/caste groups make up apopulation of more than 27 million people(estimated 2005 Census). The Terai hasthe highest population (48.5%), followedby the hills (44.2%), and the mountains(7.3%). The average population densityand growth follows the same order asabove with the Terai in the lead. Theannual population growth rate indicated bythe Census of 2001 is 2.27 per cent.

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were destroyed. Revenue from tourism inmany protected areas dropped asNepal’s popularity as a travel destinationwaned. Many community forests wentunattended because of the poor securitysituation and a high risk of being caughtin crossfire. People were unable toaccess forests for their daily needs, toprotect natural resources, or conductsilvicultural operations.

11 On a positive note, the insurgencybrought home the importance of inclusive-ness. It necessitated the adoption of goodgovernance practices, which translatedinto greater transparency and accountabil-ity of organizations and projects in Nepal.

ECONOMIC CONTEXT

12 Nepal falls far behind on the globallist in relation to economic health. A majorcontributor to the economic stagnation isundoubtedly the long conflict. Accordingto a report by the Asian DevelopmentBank (ADB), physical infrastructure worthat least $250 million has been destroyedsince the conflict began?. Conflict relateddisruptions such as strikes, securitychecks, blockades, shutdowns, andextortion have increased the cost ofeconomic activities and contributed to aneconomic slowdown. The economy hasalso suffered from a decline in develop-ment expenditure, which has fallen byone-third since 2001. In contrast, govern-ment security expenditure almost doubledfrom 1.6 per cent to 3 per cent of theGDP during the same period (ADB).Inflation rose by 9 per cent (2005) as theindustrial, trade, and tourism sectors wereincreasing paralyzed. The aggregate GDP

growth was 5.3 per cent per year betweenFY 1999–2001, but is now predicted togrow by only 3.7 per cent in FY 2005.

13 The slowdown in the economyhas led to an increase in unemploymentrates and prices. With few or no alterna-tive employment opportunities, peoplehave become increasingly involved inthe unsustainable extraction of naturalresources. Capitalizing on their eco-nomic vulnerability, middlemen areluring Nepali people into these illegalactivities. The situation is compoundedby a weak legal system and lack ofenforcement, placing Nepal’sbiodiversity under extreme pressure.

14 There is hope that Nepal’s strategicposition between two of Asia’s fastestgrowing economies (India and China) willstimulate the economy, if Nepal cancapitalize on the opportunities presented byits location as a transit country and by freetrade in the region. The danger lies in thepossible over-exploitation of Nepal’s naturalresources. For example, in the race toharness Nepal’s water resources, energy-hungry economies could persuade Nepal toinvest in large hydro-electricity projectswithout proper environmental impactmitigation measures. This may have anadverse impact on the environment. Thepromise of economic benefits couldoverride environmental considerations.

SOCIO-CULTURAL CONTEXT

15 Approximately 85 per cent ofNepalis live in rural areas. In 2003–2004,poverty in Nepal was estimated at 31 percent (NPC 2004) with large variations

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between regions. Forty-four per cent ofthe rural population lives on less than US$1 a day, compared to about 23 per centin urban areas. Of the country’s ecologi-cal regions, poverty in the mountains issignificantly above the national average,at about 55 per cent, as it is in theremote Mid- and Far-Western districtswhere poverty is as high as 70 per cent.Nepal is predominantly an agrariansociety. The vast rural population de-pends on indigenous knowledge andtraditional technology. The naturalresource base is intricately linked withtraditional agricultural technology.

16 Migration to the Terai from otherparts of Nepal, by people in search ofbetter living conditions and opportunities,is a common phenomenon. The intactnessof the forests in the Terai is a majorattraction. Political instability and theinsurgency has left nearly 400,000 ruralfamilies internally displaced, while thou-sands of others have crossed over toIndia in search of work. The in-migrantsand the internally displaced people tend tosettle in the fringe areas around theforests and place tremendous pressure onnatural resources. With the influence ofglobalization, the traditional Nepalilifestyle is being transformed into one thatdemands more natural resources.

17 The education of Nepal’s futuregenerations will enable them to be moreaware of their role in the conservation ofbiodiversity. Advances in telecommunica-tions and information technology will helpWWF Nepal to promote an active andethical approach to the environment.

POLICY CONTEXT

18 Nepal is signatory to a numberof major international conventions onthe environment, confirming its com-mitment to protect its biologicalwealth. It has made significant invest-ments in conserving its naturalspaces. Nepal is among a handful ofnations that has more than 18 per centof its land mass under protected areassystems. It has developed an institu-tional capacity for the protection andmanagement of valuable biologicalresources and formulated variouspolicies to this effect. Most notableamong them are the National Park andWildlife Conservation Act 1973, theWater Resource Act 1992, the ForestAct 1993, and the Environment Protec-tion Act 1996.

19 Although Nepal’s policies areconducive to biodiversity conservation,the cohesiveness and consistencybetween sectoral policies must beimproved. Some policies are contradic-tory, leading to difficulties in enforce-ment. The policy reform process is slowand the enforcement part of existingpolicies is weak.

20 Major guiding policies like theMillennium Development Goals (MDGs),Nepal’s Tenth Plan, the SustainableDevelopment Agenda for Nepal (SDAN),and the Nepal Biodiversity Strategy(NBS) recognize the conservation ofbiological resources as an importantstrategy for the overall development ofthe nation.

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CONSERVATION CHALLENGES

IN NEPAL

21 Despite untiring conservationefforts, Nepal’s rich biodiversity is beingthreatened by a range of issues—fromgenetic erosion to the degradation ofecosystems. A rigorous exercise duringWWF Nepal’s strategic planning processidentified the following as major conserva-tion issues in Nepal:

i. Forest DegradationForests are under great pressure fromdegradation and depletion in Nepal. Manystudies suggest that more than one-third ofNepal’s forests have been converted to otherland uses, largely agricultural, over the last40 years. The factors leading to forest lossand degradation are multiple and complex.They include the conversion of forests toother land uses, the unsustainable extractionof timber and fuelwood, uncontrolled grazing,forest fires, slash and burn agriculture, lackof secure tenure of local communities, andambiguous and contradictory policies.Moreover, forests are sometimes threatenedby the unintended consequences of develop-ment efforts, particularly when the impor-tance of forests for biodiversity conservation,ecological services, and revenue generationare not recognized.

ii. Overexploitation of NTFP/MAPsNatural habitats, mainly in high altitudeareas, are being depleted of high valueNTFP and MAP species because ofunsustainable harvesting for trade. Some ofthe underlying causes are the lack ofenforcement of anti-poaching restrictions, thepolicy obstruction of legal trade in NTFPsand MAPs, external market demand, lack ofcommunity ownership and management, and

unsustainable grazing practices, especiallyin alpine meadows. Policy reform in relationto NTFPs/MAPs has been relatively slow.

ii. Species LossKey species in Nepal face threats fromhabitat degradation and loss, which iscaused by encroachment, conversion offorests for agriculture and other uses,livestock grazing, forest fires, floods, andlandslides. Habitats are also impacted on bythe overexploitation of natural resources,invasive alien species, and natural succes-sion in grasslands and wetlands. Thedecline in the population of species isattributed to poaching, the retaliatory killingof wildlife, and an imbalance between preyand predator species. Population growth,poverty, exploitative traditional uses, lowawareness, and institutional weaknesses,such as inadequate capacities and re-sources, are a few of the underlying causesof species loss in Nepal.

iv. Wildlife Poachingand Illegal TradeNepal has been identified as a transitcountry for the illegal trade of wildlife,wildlife parts, and their derivatives. Thepoaching of key species like rhinoceroshas increased in the Terai, mostly due topoor security measures. In the mountains,the poaching of musk deer is on the rise.Weak law enforcement and the lack ofsectoral coordination are the main chal-lenges that must be faced in order to curbwildlife poaching and the illegal trade inwildlife. Nepal’s open borders with Indiaand China have further aggravated theproblem. Some of the underlying causesare lack of awareness, traditional prac-tices, international market demand, and achance to make extra money.

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v. Human-wildlife ConflictHuman-wildlife conflict is an emergingissue in Nepal. An increasing number ofwildlife in protected areas are coming intocontact with humans because of conser-vation measures and/or low prey-predatorratios. The depredation of crops andlivestock in surrounding areas sometimesresults in retaliatory killings and a nega-tive attitude among locals towardsconservation initiatives.

vi. Climate ChangeClimate change in Nepal poses a threat tobiodiversity and to people. The high rateof glacier retreat in the Himalayas causedby climate change has increased Nepal’svulnerability to catastrophic events suchas glacier lake outburst floods (GLOF).These events can have devastatingconsequences for infrastructure, property,and communities living downstream.Unfortunately, information about theimpact of climate change on biodiversityand humans remains low on the nationalagenda. Ecosystems, habitats, andspecies are all vulnerable to climatechange. Other impacts of climate changeinclude unpredictable weather patterns,changes in freshwater resources, and anincrease in the intensity and frequency oflandslides and flooding.

vii. Degradation ofFreshwater SystemsExcessive use of fertilizers and the toxicresidue from chemical pesticides hasdiminished soil fertility, contaminatedfreshwater sources, and threatened publichealth. The unsustainable use of freshwa-ter resources is a serious threat to habitatdegradation and species loss. The wet-lands of Nepal are threatened by the

invasion of alien species, siltation, agricul-tural runoff, encroachment, and theunsustainable extraction of wetlandresources.

viii. Unregulated TourismProtected areas in Nepal are major touristdestinations for mountaineering, trekking,and wildlife viewing. An increase in thenumber of tourists visiting these areas willexert pressure on the already depletednatural resources. Solid waste pollution,forest resource depletion, habitat degrada-tion, and the detrimental impact on wildlifeare some of the adverse consequences ofunregulated tourism in Nepal.

ix. SecurityThe past decade of conflict in Nepal hasled to a rapid decline in security. As theviolence escalated, people, property, andinfrastructure, as well as natural re-sources and biodiversity, became increas-ingly threatened. The impact of theconflict on rural Nepal was especiallyacute, resulting in a growing tide ofinternally displaced people. As nationalsecurity became the main agenda, theneed to sustain the conservation gainsalready made became more apparent.

x. Other IssuesWeak governance and institutionalmechanisms, corruption, inequality,discrimination on the basis of gender andethnicity, and ambiguous policies areseen as challenges for effective conser-vation initiatives. The increasing popula-tion pressure, rampant poverty, and lowlevel of awareness among local communi-ties about the sustainable management ofnatural resources are some of the otherissues facing conservation in Nepal.

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WWF in Nepal22 As environmental awareness took theworld by storm in the 1960s, WWF recognizedthe importance of safeguarding Nepal’s richand unique biodiversity. Starting with supportfor the conservation of the severely depletedpopulation of greater one-horned rhinos andBengal tigers, WWF Nepal has always beenstrongly committed to ensuring that bothwildlife and people live in harmony.

23 WWF takes pride in its achievementsover the last four decades since it started workin Nepal. What began as purely species conser-vation and habitat management through endan-gered species research and the establishment ofnational parks has evolved slowly into a moreconciliatory approach that acknowledges the roleof local communities in conservation. Thisconcept led to the design and implementation ofthe Integrated Conservation and DevelopmentProgram (ICDP), which focuses on building thecapacity of conservation partners and localcommunities, strengthening protected areamanagement, community-based resourcemanagement, and conservation education.

24 Nepal has been a leader in conservationwith some truly astounding conservationmodels. WWF Nepal has been at the forefrontof conservation in Nepal introducing the latestconservation concepts and practices. Themost recent example is the shift from site-based conservation in isolated protectedareas, to a vast landscape level approach thatensures not only a better future for wildlife butalso takes into account the sustainablelivelihoods of people and the provision ofecological services. This landscape approach

has guided WWF Nepal’s close partnership withthe Government of Nepal to conserve all facetsof biodiversity and ecological processes,cultural integrity, and local livelihoods in theTerai Arc Landscape, Sacred HimalayanLandscape, and Northern Mountain Landscape.

25 In 1993, the WWF Nepal Program Officewas established in order to increase andcoordinate conservation efforts in Nepal. Sincethen, WWF Nepal has played an important rolein imparting technical and financial inputs tothe Government of Nepal in biodiversity-related policy making, planning, and in theimplementation of projects. With WWF Nepal’sinvolvement in some of the most successfulconservation programs, it is now considered tobe among the key organizations involved inconservation in Nepal. WWF Nepal functionsas an international non-governmental organiza-tion based on an agreement with nodal govern-ment agencies as per the requirements of theGovernment of Nepal.

26 Some of WWF Nepal’s major conser-vation successes in the past four decadesinclude bringing the Greater One-Hornedrhinoceros back from the brink of extinction,stabilizing the population of Bengal tigers,the establishment of functional corridors forwildlife, conserving traditional knowledgeand practices for the sustainable use ofnatural resources, establishing and strength-ening community-based organizations suchas anti-poaching operations and youthgroups, and piloting a project for a commu-nity-managed conservation area—the first ofits kind in Nepal.

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27 The organizational goal in the laststrategic plan period (2002–2006) was toshift from project-based conservation to amore ambitious programmatic approachlinked directly to WWF’s global targets forspecies and forests. Today, all of WWFNepal’s projects in the field contribute tothe global mission of stopping the degrada-tion of the Earth and ensuring a futurewhere humans live in harmony with nature.

28 A noteworthy achievement duringthe last strategic plan period was thesuccessful implementation of the firstphase of the Terai Arc Landscape (TAL)Program, the largest and most ambitiousconservation endeavour in Nepal’sconservation history. The Terai ArcLandscape has been identified as apriority landscape for conservation in theTenth Plan (2002–2007) of the Govern-ment of Nepal. WWF Nepal supported thegovernment in the preparation of the TeraiArc Landscape–Nepal Strategic Plan andImplementation Plan (2004–2014) toproduce effective conservation resultsfrom the synergistic efforts of partners.WWF Nepal has also been successful inrestoring and establishing functionalwildlife corridors. Research providescompelling evidence that these restoredareas are being used by mega-fauna likerhinos and tigers. This increases theprobability of the long-term survival of keyspecies. Rhinos from the source popula-

tion at Chitwan National Park weresuccessfully translocated to theShuklaphanta Wildlife Reserve to estab-lish a third breeding population. Theregular monitoring and research of keyspecies and their habitats is undertakenby WWF Nepal in protected and criticalareas. The gains made in the Teraiinspired the initiation of a similar land-scape approach for the mountains calledthe Sacred Himalayan Landscape.

29 WWF Nepal pioneered the conceptof a community managed conservationarea and supported its realization in theKangchenjunga Conservation Area.Another significant achievement of WWFNepal is the conservation and sustainableuse of endangered medicinal and aro-matic plants in Dolpo through the use oftraditional knowledge and practices.

30 WWF Nepal has made significantadvances in climate change through theClimate Change Program and the ClimateChange Network Nepal. The ClimateChange Network Nepal is a network ofnine different agencies working in climatechange in Nepal. Through this network,WWF Nepal played an important role inpersuading the Government of Nepal toratify the Kyoto Protocol. The understand-ing of glacier retreat in Nepal has alsobeen enhanced through a regional projecton climate change research on Himalayan

Progress Made (2002–2006)

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glaciers. Recognizing the growing interna-tional concern for the future of our waterresources and the increasing nationalconcern for the degradation of freshwatersources, WWF Nepal began the Freshwa-ter Program. The Freshwater Programaims to safeguard Nepal’s freshwatersystems and the biodiversity they sup-port, which has significant implications forSouth Asia.

31 WWF Nepal’s conservation-basedlivelihood initiatives, such as alternativeenergy schemes, income generatingactivities, and skill development trainings,have directly benefited 25,000 householdsin Nepal. The communities in WWF Nepalworking areas have also benefited fromimproved community infrastructures,community services, health facilities, anddrinking water and sanitation schemes. Tofurther enhance WWF Nepal’s conserva-tion-based livelihood initiatives, a sustain-able livelihoods mainstreaming strategywas prepared and is currently beingimplemented.

32 Strategic partnerships were criticalto these achievements. WWF Nepal hassucceeded in forging diverse new partner-ship like the Business DevelopmentServices–Marketing Production andServices (BDS-Maps) partnership, whichwas formed to promote business entrepre-neurship; the Strengthening Actions forGovernance in Utilization of NaturalResources Program (SAGUN), whichpromotes good governance; and theWestern Terai Landscape Building/Complex Project (WTLB/CP) in the TeraiArc Landscape–Nepal. WWF Nepal wasalso successful in developing an effectiveimplementation modality, in partnership

with the Government of Nepal, to shareresources and ownership. WWF Nepal hasdeveloped and strengthened communitybased organizations to sustain theseinterventions.

33 WWF Nepal has improved itsdocumentation, research, and monitoringto be more accountable, not only to theglobal conservation community and theWWF Network, but also to our localpartners and stakeholders. WWF Nepalhas initiated a central database of ourprojects and programs and is overhaulingits Conservation Resource Centre, whichwill benefit other organizations andindividuals.

34 Two key areas where WWF Nepalfell short in the last strategic plan wereecotourism and the launch of the Toxicand Pollutants Program. Ecotourism hasbeen identified as an effective way toimprove local livelihoods and conservenature. Although WWF Nepal was able togain the support and participation of localcommunities, a rapidly changing politicalcontext, especially in rural Nepal wherethe Maoist insurgency found fertileground, proved to be a formidable chal-lenge. Coupled with a decrease in overalltourist arrivals, ecotourism did not takeoff as planned. The Toxic and PollutantsProgram, an important area of WWF’sglobal work, could not be implementedaccording to the strategic plan becausemany of the program activities werelinked to ecotourism.

35 A detailed examination of paststrategic plans shows that, although WWFNepal has made important gains inconservation, it was not far-sighted

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enough to plan for the recent turbulenttimes in Nepal. During the period of thelast strategic plan the Maoist insurgencyintensified, affecting the implementation ofmany field activities. The volatile politicalsituation saw numerous governmentscome and go. WWF Nepal’s emphasis oncommunity-led conservation and theincorporation of sustainable developmentactivities were among the most importantfactors allowing WWF Nepal to continueworking in the field.

36 As part of a global conservationorganization, WWF Nepal is not immuneto changes on the international front. Theeffects of September 11 have reached asfar as Nepal and are impacting on rev-enue. WWF Nepal has learnt to adaptquickly and diversified its donor portfolio.Since 2002, WWF Nepal has succeededin bringing in new donors from the WWFNetwork and significant GAA donors.

37 During the past strategic plan periodWWF Nepal did not revisit its strategy asoften as required by the evolving program-matic priorities within the WWF Networkand the rapidly changing operatingenvironment. Critical revisions to reflecthow WWF Nepal continued to work in aconflict situation would have helped WWFNepal to focus on strategic directions in aproactive manner. This would also havecontributed to a global comprehension ofhow to deliver conservation results in aconflict situation. As a result of thislearning WWF Nepal’s Strategic Plan(2006–2011) will be dynamic and serve asa useful and practical guide to the imple-mentation of our initiatives.

LESSONS LEARNED

38 As a science based organizationWWF places a lot of value on lessonslearned and knowledge. Therefore, regularreflection sessions on programs arestructured to document best practices andlessons learned. Below are the mainlessons learned by WWF Nepal during thelast strategic plan period.

� Restorative measures alone are notenough to ensure ecosystem integrityin degraded forest corridors. Scientificplanning is necessary for the manage-ment of biological corridors with theobjective of conservation at thelandscape level.

� Livelihood support cannot be effectiveunless packaged with skill develop-ment, finance, business development,and marketing linkages.

� Building on indigenous institutions andknowledge will provide an innovativeapproach to biodiversity conservation.

� Involving community based organiza-tions in an implementation role willincrease local ownership of projectactivities while also building theircapacity.

� Partnerships between different multi-sectoral partners are crucial to addressthe root causes of biodiversity loss.Strategic partnerships with non-fundinginstitutions are also important.

� Staying alert to the external environ-ment and equipping the organizationwith appropriate strategies to over-come challenges will help in theimplementation of projects, especiallyduring crisis or conflict situations.

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VISIONWWF Nepal envisions a prosperous Nepal with a society possessing an ethic ofstewardship and responsibility towards nature.By 2050 Nepal will have:� Conserved biodiversity and the natural processes that sustain it in the Global 200

Ecoregions within Nepal.� Established social and economic development patterns that assure the sustain-

able and equitable provision of natural goods and services, improving livelihoodsand quality of life for current and future generations.

� Eliminated or mitigated critical threats to species, habitats, and ecological pro-cesses that derive from climate change, over exploitation of resources, unsustain-able consumption, and pollution.

MISSIONMISSIONMISSIONMISSIONMISSIONWWF Nepal’s Mission is to stop the degradation of Nepal’snatural environment, and to build a future in which people live inharmony with nature by:� Conserving biological diversity� Ensuring the sustainable use of renewable natural resources� Reducing pollution and wasteful consumption� Securing sustainable livelihoods

GOALBy 2015 WWF Nepal shall conserve atleast 3 priority landscapes within the Global200 Ecoregions by:� Reducing threats to species, habitat and

ecological processes� Improving the livelihoods of local people

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CONSERVATION PRIORITIES

39 “We shan’t save all we should liketo, but we shall save a great deal morethan if we never tried,” remarked Sir PeterScott, the founder of WWF. In the yearssince WWF was founded, WWF hasrefined a set of global priorities to helpsave as much as possible and in the bestpossible way. These priorities cover siximportant issues and some of the mostimportant places in the world forbiodiversity conservation (The Global 200Ecoregions).

40 WWF Nepal bases its programdevelopment on the global issues withinthe prioritized Global 200 Ecoregions. Inaddition, WWF Nepal will also work onissues and/or areas of regional andnational importance.

PRIORITY THEMATIC

PROGRAMS

41 WWF works for the conservation offorests, freshwater, and marine ecosys-tems globally. These ecosystems encom-pass the bulk of the world’s biodiversityand provide the environmental goods andservices upon which all life ultimatelydepends. WWF has identified a smallnumber of flagship species whoseconservation is of special concern andwhich act as powerful icons for theconservation of other species and habi-

tats. WWF has also targeted the mostglobally pervasive and insidious of allthreats to biodiversity: the phenomenon ofclimate change.

42 Among the five thematic programsof global priority, WWF Nepal will concen-trate its efforts on four. WWF Nepal willwork to conserve flagship and priority keyspecies and their habitats, forests,freshwater, and to mitigate the pervasivethreat of climate change to species andtheir habitats. WWF Nepal’s work willcontribute to the following global thematicprograms:

� Forests� Species� Climate Change� Freshwater

43 The effective delivery of conserva-tion results under the four thematic areaswill be supported by crosscutting pro-grams on policy and advocacy, sustain-able livelihoods, communications andmarketing, and education.

44 To bring about solid conservationresults with larger impacts, other emerg-ing and incessant threats to species andtheir habitats, such as agricultural intensi-fication, water quality degradation,unsustainable development patterns (highdams and mega hydropower), unregulatedtourism, wildlife trade, and human-wildlifeconflict, will also be addressed.

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PRIORITY WORKING AREAS

45 WWF has identified the mostvaluable and sometimes vulnerableecoregions1 in the world that best repre-sent the breadth of biodiversity andecological processes. The list of priorityecoregions identified by WWF scientistsis known as ‘The Global 200 Ecoregions’.Four of the Global 200 Ecoregions are inNepal:

� Eastern Himalayan Alpine Meadows(112)

� Eastern Himalayan Broadleaf andConifer Forests (67)

� Terai Duar Savannas and Grasslands(91) and

� Western Himalayan Temperate Forests(68)

46 The first three ecoregions com-bined are referred to as the EasternHimalayan Ecoregion Complex (EHEC)—a priority set of ecoregions for WWF toachieve a greater impact from its conser-vation programs.

47 WWF Nepal has adopted theecoregion approach to conservation. Inthis approach an ecoregion is regarded asthe unit for conservation planning toensure the representation of biodiversity,and conservation landscapes are theunits for conservation action. WWF Nepalwill concentrate its interventions on thethree priority landscapes covering the fourGlobal 200 Ecoregions in Nepal: the TeraiArc Landscape (TAL), the SacredHimalayan Landscape (SHL), and theNorthern Mountain Landscape (NML).

1 Biodiversity is not spread evenly across the Earth but follows complex patterns determined by climate,geology and the evolutionary history of the planet. These patterns are called ‘ecoregions’.

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48 In Nepal, conservation in the fieldis complemented and aided by WWFNepal’s central office in Kathmandu. Inaddition to its field work, WWF Nepal willwork in Kathmandu and surrounding areason issues like corporate social responsi-bility, policy reform, conservation educa-tion, and urban environment conservation.

TERAI ARC LANDSCAPE

49 The Terai Arc Landscape (TAL) isthe biggest and most ambitious conserva-tion endeavour ever undertaken in Nepal.It covers approximately 49,500 squarekilometres from Nepal’s Bagmati River inthe east to India’s Yamuna River in thewest, linking a network of 11 trans-borderprotected areas, national forests, agricul-tural lands, settlement areas, and waterbodies in both countries.

50 In Nepal, the TAL encompasses23,199 square kilometres and covers partor whole of the 14 Terai districts. Thelandscape also harbours four protectedareas, two World Heritage Sites, and threeRamsar sites. The strain on this fertilelandscape is enormous, with a populationof 6.7 million people and livestockincluding 4.5 million cattle.

51 What began as a vision of ensuringthe long-term survival of flagship specieslike the Bengal tiger, greater one-hornedrhinoceros, and Asian elephant, today hasbecome a mandate to conservebiodiversity, forests, soils, and the water-shed of the Terai and Churia hills in order toensure the ecological, economic, andsocio-cultural integrity of the region. TheTAL Program in Nepal is jointly imple-mented by WWF Nepal, the Ministry ofForests and Soil Conservation, Depart-

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ment of National Parks and Wildlife Conser-vation, and Department of Forests under theTerai Arc Landscape–Nepal Strategic Plan,an umbrella document for implementingconservation and sustainable livelihoodinterventions for all agencies working in theTerai.

52 In the course of this strategic planperiod, TAL will look into an eastwardexpansion in order to include biodiversityhotspots like the Koshi Tappu WildlifeReserve, Trijuga, and Jhapa district. Thiswill help to conserve all representativeecosystems in the Nepal Terai.

SACRED HIMALAYAN

LANDSCAPE

53 Based on the success of the TeraiArc Landscape Program, a similar landscapelevel conservation approach was envisagedfor the mountains. The Sacred HimalayanLandscape (SHL) is a transboundary land-scape that builds upon the existing prioritiesof national and regional governments forlandscape level conservation in the EasternHimalayas. The SHL covers an area of39,021 square kilometres from LangtangNational Park in central Nepal, through theKangchenjunga region in Sikkim andDarjeeling in India, to the Toorsa StrictNature Reserve in western Bhutan. Thislandscape is globally significant bothbiologically (in terms of genetic, species,and ecosystem diversity and endemism) andbecause it includes two of the Global 200Ecoregions (Eastern Himalayan Broadleafand Conifer Forest and Eastern HimalayanAlpine Meadows). In addition to the species-related features of biodiversity, the SHL

contributes significantly in terms ofecological processes and services. It is animportant repository of water towers(glaciers) and contains the headwaters andsources of major Himalayan rivers. TheSHL is also important in terms of culturaldiversity. Hence, the SHL aims to con-serve this globally important biodiversityby fostering the diverse indigenouscultures and traditions that nurture andrevere nature, as reflected in its conserva-tion vision. In Nepal, the Ministry ofForests and Soil Conservation is leadingthe SHL initiative in partnership with WWFNepal, ICIMOD, TMI, and IUCN, amongothers.

NORTHERN MOUNTAIN

LANDSCAPE

54 The Northern Mountain Landscapewill build upon the achievements of thework carried out in Shey PhoksundoNational Park (SPNP), the largest Na-tional Park in Nepal (3,555 km2). TheSPNP and its surrounding area representsthe Northern Mountain region of north-west Nepal. It is part of the trans-Hima-layan ecosystem and contains manyunique flora and fauna including rare,endangered, and endemic medicinalplants. This is the prime habitat for snowleopards, Tibetan wolf, musk deer, andblue sheep. It is equally unique for itsdiverse sociological and cultural re-sources including practitioners of Bon, theoldest Tibetan religion, and the highesthuman settlement in the world in the Dho-Tarap valley. Due to its rich natural,social, and cultural diversity, the SPNPhas been proposed as a World Heritage

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Site. WWF Nepal will not only consolidateits efforts in SPNP, but also aims todevelop connectivity with the DhorpatanHunting Reserve for the long-term survivalof flagship species such as the snowleopard.

55 The goal of WWF Nepal’s work inthe Northern Mountain Landscape is toconserve the pristine ecology of the SheyPhoksundo National Park and Buffer Zoneand the surrounding areas by strengthen-ing the capabilities of local user groups,NGOs, and park staff to implement andsustain integrated conservation anddevelopment initiatives.

KATHMANDU VALLEY

56 Kathmandu is the political andeconomic hub of Nepal. WWF Nepal willutilize its presence in Kathmandu tocoordinate field-based projects, and policyand advocacy work. In this strategic planperiod, WWF Nepal will strengthenpartnerships with the private sector,corporations, organizations, policymakers, and civil society. Activities willbe targeted at the improvement of theurban environment and environmentalawareness in Kathmandu.

GUIDING PRINCIPLES

57 The implementation of the strate-gies in the conservation plan will beguided by the following set of principles:

i. Ensuring equitability:Working to ensure that access to and

benefits from biodiversity conservationare more equitably distributed.

ii. Empowering women, the poor, anddisadvantaged:Focusing particularly on gender andsocial inclusion.

iii. Building partnerships:Creating and building partnerships amonga wide range of stakeholders and partnersincluding local communities, governmentagencies, national and international non-governmental organizations, and donoragencies.

iv. Being adaptive and holistic:Being sensitive to the wider context,adapting to changing circumstances, andworking in a way that is responsive to thecauses and effects of the conflict.

v. Sustainability:Aiming for economic, social, and environ-mental sustainability

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CONSERVATION FOR THE

PEOPLE

58 Around the world, WWF works withlocal communities and peoples to findsolutions to save nature. WWF’s Statementof Principles on Indigenous People andConservation, which was formulated abouta decade ago, focuses on partnerships andengagement with indigenous people. Thestatement fully endorses provisions aboutindigenous people contained in all relevantinternational instruments, such as Agenda21, Convention on Biological Diversity, ILOConvention 169, and UN Declaration on theRights of Indigenous Peoples. The state-ment highlights the principle that, withoutrecognition of the rights of indigenouspeoples, no constructive agreements canbe drawn up between conservation organi-zations and indigenous peoples groups.

59 Drawing on this principle and its ownexperiences since commencing field projectsin 1996, WWF Nepal has been workingtogether with indigenous and local communi-ties in conservation. Since 1997, WWF Nepalhas promoted the traditional knowledge andpractices of Amchis (traditional medicaldoctors) for conservation and the sustainableuse of medicinal plants. In the KangchenjungaConservation Area, WWF Nepal has beenworking to hand over the management of theprotected area to the local communities livingwithin the protected area. This is a new andrevolutionary approach to protected areamanagement in the region and aims to transfermanagement authority of protect areas to thelocal communities.

60 WWF Nepal aims to develop clearguidelines on indigenous peoples to serve

as a critical entry point and foundation formore inclusive conservation policies,programs, and activities, and to fosterdialogue and partnerships.

61 WWF Nepal has three principalobjectives for partnerships with indigenouspeoples:

i. To conserve biodiversity combined withrecognition that indigenous peoples haveoften been stewards and protectors ofnature and that their knowledge, social,cultural, and livelihood systems areclosely attuned to the natural lawsoperating in local ecosystems.

ii. To foster an enabling environment thatpromotes the integration of indigenouspeoples’ perspectives and concepts ofconservation into WWF Nepal’s work.

iii. To develop capacity and raise aware-ness in order to build more inclusivepolicies and programs on indigenouspeople and conservation.

62 In the upcoming strategic planperiod, WWF Nepal will support policy workto redress the lack of a conducive nationalpolicy environment for indigenous people toapply and transmit indigenous knowledge,skills, technologies, and practices inbiodiversity conservation. WWF Nepal willcontinue to promote traditional knowledge,skills, innovations, and practices and theirlinkage to biodiversity conservation. WWFNepal will also raise awareness of indig-enous peoples’ knowledge and practicesand their relationship to biodiversity conser-vation. Finally, WWF Nepal will invest ininclusive capacity building at the local andnational level to strengthen partnerships forconservation.

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the conflict. WWF Nepal aims to spendmore than 80 per cent of each programbudget through CBOs. These partnerswill be involved right from the needsidentification and prioritization stagethrough to planning, implementation,and monitoring.

� WWF Nepal will avoid a large opera-tional structure in the field in termsof staff and infrastructure (officebuildings, logistics) and maintain a lowprofile in Nepal.

� WWF Nepal will manifest its sensitivitytowards local communities, especiallyindigenous communities, and prioritywill be given to local and indigenouscommunities when hiring field levelsupport staff.

� WWF Nepal will place great emphasison efficient and quick delivery ofservices and avoid unnecessarydelays in fund disbursement and othersupport.

� Transparency in planning, budgeting,and financial transactions will bemaintained in all WWF Nepal’s pro-grams. WWF Nepal will promote goodgovernance through public hearingsand public auditing exercises at theprogram, as well as CBO, level.

iv. Planning and Monitoring� The participatory process has been

strongly internalized and practiced inthe planning, implementation, andmonitoring of programs. Activities tobe implemented at the communitylevel will continue to be plannedthrough participatory processesensuring the sensitivity of the programto local needs, threats, and issues.Such planning exercises will strongly

WORKING IN CONFLICT

63 WWF Nepal is aware of the enor-mous responsibility of delivering conserva-tion services at a time of conflict. Werecognize that, now more than ever,partnerships and concerted efforts will berequired to safeguard the gains of the pastand uphold the future integrity of conserva-tion in Nepal. It also falls to WWF Nepal,and other organizations working in Nepal,to contribute to peace and security withineach organization’s capacity.

64 WWF Nepal is not immune to orabove Nepal’s trials. It is with respect forthe nation and in adherence to ourprinciples as an international non-govern-mental organization that we will adopt thefollowing strategies to cope with theongoing conflict situation:

i. Adherence to BOGsWWF Nepal is affiliated with the Associa-tion of International NGOs (AIN) and willpresent its position in alignment with AINin the context of the conflict. WWF Nepalwill adhere to the Basic Operation Guide-lines (BOGs) prepared by AIN.

ii. NeutralityWWF Nepal will maintain its non-political,non-religious, and non-affiliated position,which will be highlighted in all forms ofcommunications. WWF Nepal will alwaysbe neutral and impartial.

iii. Program Implementation� Implementation through local

community based organization(CBO) partners will be highly empha-sized to mitigate the adverse impact of

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focus on the inclusion of marginalizedcommunities.

� Strong links between conservationactivities and sustainable liveli-hoods will be ensured at all stages ofinterventions. WWF Nepal will mitigatethe adverse impact of the conflictthrough increased peoples’ participa-tion and perceived livelihood benefits.

v. Flexible and AdaptiveWWF Nepal will continue with contin-gency planning to cope with theconflict. This will be supplemented byregular analysis of the situation basedon reliable information collected through

various means. Staff, especially at thefield level, will be instructed to stayvigilant and will be more independent inadapting to rapidly changing circum-stances.

vi. Collaboration within and between sectorsWWF Nepal will continue to work tostrengthen partnerships, collaboration,and functional coordination within andbetween sectors to ensure the effectivedelivery of services. WWF Nepal willfocus on developing goodwill and buildingtrust among stakeholders and sectoralpartners, largely based on the identifica-tion of common goals.

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This section of the strategic plan dealswith the strategies that WWF Nepal willemploy to respond to the conservationchallenges identified and discussed inthe preceding chapters. A description ofthe strategies and a logical framework isprovided in Annexes I and II.

CONSERVATIONSTRATEGIES

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I. FORESTS

65 WWF Nepal will follow threecomplementary approaches to forestconservation: protect, manage, andrestore. Under the protect approach, WWFNepal will work towards creating anecologically representative network ofeffectively managed protected areas.Forest protection will be complementedby efforts to integrate conservation withdevelopment for local communities. Theforests outside protected areas will bemanaged through various mechanisms toensure environmental balance while at thesame time contributing to human

wellbeing, poverty alleviation, and sus-tainable livelihoods. Non-timber forestproducts will be promoted as the majorlivelihoods improvement strategy. Therestoration approach will focus on re-establishing functions and key ecosystemprocesses through specific interventionswithin the context of the whole landscape.As such, a mosaic of land uses in thecritical areas will be promoted based onscientific land use planning.

The following table depicts the five year(2006–2011) objectives for the forestthematic program and the strategiesdevised to achieve those objectives.

TABLE 1: Forest thematic program—Objectives and strategies (2006–2011)

OBJECTIVES

OBJECTIVE 1: PROTECT

To protect 1.3 million hectares of representa-

tive forest ecosystems under the protected

areas system (PAS) in the three priority

landscapes of the Global 200 Ecoregions by

2011.

OBJECTIVE 2: MANAGE

To manage 0.31 million hectares of critical

forests in identified corridors, bottlenecks,

and biodiversity hotspots in the three priority

landscapes of the Global 200 Ecoregions by

2011 to ensure the regular supply of forest

products and support the maintenance of the

environmental balance.

OBJECTIVE 3: RESTORE

To restore 50,000 hectares of degraded

forests in identified corridors and bottlenecks

in three priority landscapes of the Global 200

Ecoregions by 2011 facilitating the free and

safe passage for wildlife dispersal.

STRATEGIES

Strategy 1: Develop and implement a methodology for the systematic planning of protected areas.

Strategy 2: Assess the management effectiveness of protected areas.

Strategy 3: Support community-managed protected areas.

Strategy 4: Ensure stakeholder involvement in and support for protected areas.

Strategy 5: Support the preparation and implementation of a district forest sector plan.

Strategy 6: Promote appropriate modes of management of forest resources.

Strategy 7: Protect forests from illegal activities and forest fires.

Strategy 8: Promote integrated livestock management.

Strategy 9: Promote alternative energy and the use of alternative construction materials.

Strategy 10: Diversify livelihood options through the sustainable use of forest resources.

Strategy 11: Ensure the sustainability of local institutions engaged in resource management.

Strategy 12: Pilot community-based biodiversity registration and mechanisms for accessing

benefit sharing.

Strategy 13: Support the forest certification process.

Strategy 14: Conduct periodic monitoring of forest resources.

Strategy 15: Lobby for a special portfolio of critical forests.

Strategy 16: Restore degraded forests in the critical areas through appropriate interventions.

Strategy 17: Pilot the in-situ conservation of plant species in critical areas.

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II. SPECIES

66 The species work of WWF Nepal willcontribute to the establishment of ecologically,demographically, and genetically viable popula-tions of key species: i.e., the Bengal tiger(Panthera tigris), the Greater One-hornedrhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis), the Asianelephant (Elephas maximus), and the snowleopard (Uncia uncia). Populations of species ofspecial concern will be stabilized or increased:i.e., the Gangetic river dolphin (Platanistagangetica), gharial crocodile (Gavialisgangetica), swamp deer (Cervus duvauceli),black buck (Antelope cervicapra), red panda(Ailurus fulgens), and musk deer (Moschusmoschiferus). Towards this end, the habitats of

these species will be protected, managed, andrestored as discussed under the forest thematicprogram. Poaching and retaliatory killings will betackled using a spectrum of strategies, such asstrengthening anti-poaching operations, minimiz-ing human-wildlife conflict, and enhancing lawenforcement. The Illegal trade in wildlife, wildlifeparts, and their derivatives will be controlledusing a two-pronged approach addressing bothdemand and supply. Key species managementinterventions will be complemented by long-termresearch and wildlife monitoring. Recognizingthe substantial role that people-based conserva-tion activities play in achieving species andhabitat conservation outcomes, specific speciesconservation actions focused on sustainablelivelihoods will be prioritized.

TABLE 2: Species thematic program—Objectives and strategies (2006–2011)

OBJECTIVES

OBJECTIVE 4: SPECIES POPULATION

To stabilize or increase the population

(compared to 2006 baseline) of key species

and species of special concern in the three

priority landscapes of the Global 200

Ecoregions in Nepal by 2011.

OBJECTIVE 5: HABITAT

To protect, manage, or restore the critical

habitat of key species and species of special

concern in the three priority landscapes of the

Global 200 Ecoregions in Nepal by 2011.

OBJECTIVE 6: THREAT REDUCTION

To reduce human-wildlife conflict and/or

establish livelihood-based conservation

initiatives in the three priority landscapes of

the Global 200 Ecoregions in Nepal by 2011

to reduce the threat to key species and

species of special concern.

OBJECTIVE 7: LAW ENFORCEMENT

To enhance law enforcement and other

measures to encourage compliance with laws

and regulations aimed at eliminating the

overexploitation of priority species and

species of special concern in Nepal by 2011.

STRATEGIES

Strategy 18: Strengthen anti-poaching operations.

Strategy 19: Manage key species.

Strategy 20: Manage problem and orphan animals.

Strategy 21: Support the protection/re-establishment of populations of key species and species

of special concern.

Strategy 22: Promote the scientific management of habitats based on the ecology of species.

Strategy 23: Eliminate/reduce invasive and exotic species.

Strategy 24: Conduct long-term scientific research on key species and species of special concern.

Strategy 25: Develop and implement a comprehensive human-wildlife conflict mitigation strategy.

Strategy 26: Adopt human-wildlife conflict mitigation strategies to benefit local livelihoods.

Strategy 27: Pilot livelihood-based conservation initiatives.

Strategy 28: Promote ecotourism.

Strategy 29: Pilot community-based compensation schemes to address human-wildlife conflict.

Strategy 30: Promote transboundary coordination and cooperation.

Strategy 31: Control the illegal trade of wildlife, wildlife parts, and their derivatives.

Strategy 32: Support the implementation of CITES.

Strategy 33: Revise/develop appropriate policy frameworks.

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III. CLIMATE CHANGE AND ENERGY

67 WWF Nepal’s response to the impactof climate change will focus on four mainareas: increasing the understanding of theimpacts of climate change, implementingadaptation measures, international negotia-tion, and raising awareness. The informationgap in relation to the impact of climatechange on biodiversity, ecosystems, andpeople will be addressed through theinitiation of long-term research projects. Thefindings of this research will also contributeto the formulation of appropriate nationallevel policy frameworks. Adaptation mea-sures will include resilience activitiesfocused on safeguarding humans and

ecosystems in vulnerable sites. The revenuegenerated from a gold standard CDM project willbe channelled into interventions targeted atreducing the vulnerability of people to the impactof climate change. The capacity of key govern-ment institutions will be enhanced so that theycan represent Nepal credibly in internationalnegotiations. Awareness of the impact of climatechange and adaptation and mitigation measures willbe widely disseminated to national and internationalaudiences through the intelligent use of communi-cation channels.

The following table depicts the 5 year (2006–2011) objectives for the climate change the-matic program and strategies devised toachieve those objectives.

TABLE 3: Climate change thematic program—Objectives and strategies (2006–2011)

STRATEGIES

Strategy 34: Conduct and consolidate climate change impact research and data.

Strategy 35: Use research findings for effective national and international negotiations.

Strategy 36: Strengthen multi-stakeholder forums to advocate for policy recommendations and to

share information.

Strategy 37: Identify climate change vulnerable sites.

Strategy 38: Implement resilience building activities in vulnerable sites.

Strategy 39: Support the formulation of a National Level Adaptation Strategy.

Strategy 40: Establish a coordination platform between vulnerable countries.

Strategy 41: Support and strengthen Ministry of Environment, Science and Technology (MOEST)

and relevant civil society organizations to institutionalize the climate change issue.

Strategy 42: Enhance the negotiation capacity of MOEST and concerned government and civil society

organizations.

Strategy 43: Strengthen communication with international audiences.

Strategy 44: Increase awareness of climate change among national audiences.

OBJECTIVES

OBJECTIVE 8: IMPACT

To have a clear understanding of the impact of

climate change on biodiversity (key flora and

fauna), ecosystems (forests, water towers),

and people (livelihoods, tourism, disasters,

food security/agriculture) in Nepal by 2011.

OBJECTIVE 9: ADAPTATION

To reduce the climate change impacts and

vulnerabilities of 2,000 households in two sites in

the Sacred Himalayan Landscape (SHL) by 2011.

OBJECTIVE 10: INTERNATIONAL

NEGOTIATION

To identify Nepal to global communities as

one of the most vulnerable countries to

climate change impacts by 2011.

OBJECTIVE 11: AWARENESS

To effectively communicate and build

awareness and understanding among various

national target audiences (students/teachers,

academic institutions, journalists/media house,

donors, I/NGOs, government, communities,

public) to take action to reduce the impacts of

climate change in Nepal by 2011.

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IV. FRESHWATER

68 The freshwater system of Nepal willbe sustainably managed to ensurehealthy environmental processes and thewise use of wetland resources. Freshwa-ter habitats of key species will be man-aged and the integrity of the environmen-tal processes will be maintained inpartnership with other stakeholders.Community management of wetlands willbe promoted with a special focus on thesustainable livelihoods of wetland depen-dent communities. The management ofecologically important high altitudewetlands and their designation as Ramsarsites will be a priority. Transboundary

initiatives devoted to the conservation ofthe freshwater dolphin and its habitat willbe realized. The concept of integratedriver basin management will be utilized inthe management of the Koshi River Basin.Policy feedback and advocacy to harmo-nize water sector polices and incorporateprovisions will be conducted. Appropriatealternatives to chemical fertilizers andpesticides will be identified and promotedto reduce the threat to aquatic biodiversityand wildlife.

The following table depicts the 5 year(2006–2011) objectives for the freshwaterthematic program and strategies devisedto achieve those objectives.

TABLE 4: Freshwater thematic program—Objectives and strategies (2006–2011)

OBJECTIVES

OBJECTIVE 12: ENVIRONMENTAL

PROCESSES

To ensure healthy environmental processes in

at least three wetlands supporting habitats of

key freshwater species and to pilot integrated

river basin management in one river basin by

2011.

OBJECTIVE 13: POLICIES

To promote at least two government policies

(wetland policy and IRBM) to safeguard

freshwater resources and reduce poverty for

dependent communities by 2011.

OBJECTIVE 14: SUSTAINABLE

MANAGEMENT

To protect and sustainably manage three

Ramsar sites by 2011.

OBJECTIVE 15: THREAT REDUCTION

To reduce the threats to biodiversity from

hazardous chemicals, especially those used

in agriculture, and identify safer alternatives

where possible by 2011.

STRATEGIES

Strategy 45: Develop multi-stakeholder partnerships.

Strategy 46: Develop a database of key species and environmental processes.

Strategy 47: Manage the habitats of key species and manage environmental processes.

Strategy 48: Monitor and maintain the status of priority wetlands.

Strategy 49: Propose high altitude wetlands as Ramsar sites.

Strategy 50: Review water related policies from a biodiversity perspective.

Strategy 51: Promote policy dialogue on dams nationally and at the transboundary level.

Strategy 52: Build the capacity of representatives from government line agencies.

Strategy 53: Promote the community management and wise use of wetlands.

Strategy 54: Strengthen participation and institutional coordination.

Strategy 55: Raise awareness at various levels.

Strategy 56: Enhance the knowledge base on the impacts of toxics pollutants.

Strategy 57: Promote safer alternatives.

Strategy 58: Raise awareness.

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V. POLICY AND ADVOCACY

69 A conducive policy environment isessential for the implementation of suc-cessful conservation initiatives. Similarly,institutions are essential elements intranslating the provisions of policies andapplying them at the grassroots. Thesynergy among like-minded institutions notonly facilitates the conservation process,but also minimizes the resource input andreduces duplication of efforts.

70 Policy and advocacy are the keyareas on which WWF Nepal will focusduring this strategic plan period. Many ofWWF Nepal’s goals and objectives inpracticing conservation will bear resultsand become sustainable only if certaingovernment policies are revised orformulated. With four decades of experi-ence in field implementation, this is themost opportune time for WWF Nepal to bepart of the policy and advocacy setting inNepal.

71 At first, WWF Nepal will concentrateon building its own organizational capacityto deal with policy and advocacy issues.The existing policy and advocacy thematicteam will be strengthened. Policy orienta-

tion and analysis workshops will be con-ducted on a regular basis involving WWFNepal staff and external experts. Policyfeedback workshops at different levels withwider stakeholders will also be organized.WWF Nepal will ensure that the feedbackreceived from these consultative workshopsreaches the appropriate policy-makingauthorities in the Government of Nepal. Thiswill follow an advocacy plan for appropriaterevision of the existing policies.

72 WWF Nepal will support thegovernment in the effective implementa-tion of multi-lateral environmental agree-ments relevant to its work to fulfil Nepal’sinternational commitments. WWF Nepalalso sees this as an opportunity toestablish local to global linkages forbiodiversity conservation initiatives inNepal. WWF Nepal will explore opportuni-ties to influence environmental policies atthe regional level through South AsianAssociation for Regional Cooperation(SAARC) and its enhanced regionalstrategic partnerships.

73 Other strategies relevant to thepolicy and advocacy work of WWF Nepalare reflected in the appropriate thematicprogram.

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VI. SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS

74 WWF Nepal and the global networkhave moved beyond working in and aroundthe ‘safe’ enclaves of protected areas andare addressing conservation challenges atthe landscape and ecoregion level. Thisentails covering a larger spatial area andtackling complex issues that impact uponbiodiversity and local livelihoods such aspopulation growth, global markets, agricul-ture, trade, and industry.

75 In July 2005, WWF Nepal publisheda strategy document for mainstreamingsustainable livelihoods into conservationprograms. It underscores the importanceof addressing people’s livelihood needsand responding to people’s strengths andconstraints in order to sustain conserva-tion achievements. The sustainablelivelihoods approach builds on andpromotes people’s strengths, skills,assets, and potential, rather than viewingthem as a liability.

76 The strategies relevant to sustain-able livelihoods recommended in this planrecognize that interventions in the fieldalone are inadequate to tackle the com-plex socio-economic drivers ofbiodiversity loss. Therefore, the developedstrategies emphasize the need to demon-strate strong linkages between field workand the policies that drive nationaldevelopment.

77 One of the key issues that mayhinder the achievement of WWF Nepal’sobjectives is social inequity. Socialinequity has excluded disadvantagedgroups (women as well as indigenous

peoples) from mainstream developmentprocesses in Nepal. Social exclusion andinequity are key causal factors of thecurrent political conflict. Governancepractices at all levels of society lacktransparency and accountability. Evenrelatively participatory processes, suchas community forestry, are challenged byissues such as elite capture, inequitablebenefit sharing, and the exclusion ofwomen and disadvantaged groups fromdecision-making processes.

78 Meeting the livelihood needs oflocal communities becomes an issuewhen the extraction of resources forsubsistence becomes unsustainable dueto the increasing demands of trade andinequitable sharing of benefits. The poorand marginalized are often the ones whoare most negatively affected by a de-crease in resource availability. The mainfactors behind the limited livelihoodoptions is a lack of access to educationand employment opportunities, limitedfinancial capacity for technological inputs,and limited entrepreneurial skills andaccess to markets. There is also limitedinstitutional capacity to support people inadapting to livelihood constraints.

79 Sectoral policies often contradicteach other, which prevents effectiveimplementation. There is limited informa-tion and awareness among communitiesabout rights and limited consultationduring the process of policy formulation.

80 WWF Nepal’s strategies in relationto sustainable livelihoods are reflected inthe various strategies of the relevantthematic areas and are guided by the

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sustainable livelihoods mainstreamingstrategy of WWF Nepal. In addition to thethematic strategies, the following strate-gies will be adopted by WWF Nepal in theimplementation of its sustainable liveli-hoods interventions.

Strategies� Promote social inclusion (women,

indigenous peoples, Dalits and goodgovernance in every stage of theprogram and project cycle in order tosustain conservation.

� Transform traditional institutionscompatible with the principles of goodgovernance and conservation, andbuilding their capacity to adapt toecological processes and social andeconomic trends.

� Promote social capital networks andsafety nets to help people andcommunities to adapt to livelihoodsconstraints.

� Work with the private sector and otherstakeholders to build positive micro-macro linkages that benefitbiodiversity and communities (e.g. thesustainable commercialization ofNTFPs).

� Enhance cross-sectoral coordinationand partnerships that build upon localempowerment for increased invest-ment in sustainable livelihoods (eg.implementation of APP).

� Promote livelihood diversificationthrough increased off-farm livelihoodopportunities (e.g. sustainable commer-cialization of NTFPs with equitablebenefit sharing through entrepreneurialdevelopment and marketing; ecotourismfor revenue generation; and employ-ment in and around protected areas).

� Advocate for policies that promotesustainable livelihoods, reduce vulner-ability, recognize local rights, andprovide communities with legal andregulatory support.

� Integrate peace building and conflicttransformation into conservationprograms to ensure sustainability andefficacy.

� Promote traditional knowledge andpractices that are conducive tobiodiversity and indigenous and localcommunities.

� Support the development of commu-nity-based response mechanisms,including local knowledge, in order toreduce vulnerability to natural disas-ters (eg. improved vulnerability as-sessment and vulnerability monitoring;livelihood diversification; early warningsystems; integrated land use; andwatershed management).

� Support the revision and formulation ofpolicies to enable local communities tosustainably harvest forest resources,particularly NTFPs/MAPs, and wildlife.

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VII. EDUCATION AND

CAPACITY BUILDING

81 WWF Nepal’s education andcapacity building programs seek to engageand encourage the participation of localcommunities and stakeholders inbiodiversity conservation and sustainabledevelopment. These activities build onawareness to enable people to act from abetter understanding of the importance ofbiodiversity conservation and sustainabledevelopment in Nepal. WWF Nepal’s strongcommitment to conservation educationand capacity building programs makes itdistinct from most biodiversity conserva-tion initiatives in Nepal. WWF Nepal haslearned that the success of conservationdepends largely on the effective integrationof education and capacity building inprograms and projects.

82 Education is an integral part of allthe projects and programs at WWF Nepal.At the local level, WWF Nepal, togetherwith various partners, has initiated andpromoted awareness and capacitybuilding programs among local people toconserve Nepal’s biological diversity in away that is ecologically viable, economi-cally beneficial, and socially equitable.The conservation education programs aredesigned for school children, teachers,community members, and other targetgroups to enhance their decision-makingcapabilities for conservation and sustain-able development.

83 WWF Nepal and its conservationpartners jointly implement school-basedenvironmental education programs

through the formation of Eco Clubs, whichare independent groups of students thatwork collectively to support the conserva-tion of their natural and cultural heritage.Awareness and extension programs areorganized at the local level. Non-formaleducation and capacity building programsare implemented in project areas toimprove literacy and create conservationawareness, especially among women. Theeducation of girls in the project areas withthe girl students’ stipend aims at the long-term empowerment of women througheducation.

84 In addition to providing knowledgeand skills in relation to the sustainablemanagement of resources, conservationeducation broadens people’s understand-ing of the environment, fosters positiveattitudes towards the environment, andteaches skills that enable people toanalyze and make educated decisionsabout how they interact with the environ-ment and, ultimately, helps them to takebetter actions to improve and maintain theenvironment.

StrategiesThe education unit shall have a separatestrategy ready for implementation withWWF Nepal's Strategic Plan to:

� Strengthen conceptual and programlinkages and relationships.

� Enhance future conservation leader-ship and advocacy for conservation.

� Strategically strengthen and focusoutreach and education activities.

� Enhance monitoring and evaluationsystems.

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VIII. COMMUNICATIONS

AND MARKETING

85 Communications and marketingaims to effectively promote WWF Nepalas a proactive grassroots conservationorganization with a global reach byhighlighting field successes to enrich ourcredibility, share our results, and raisefunds.

86 Communication has always been animportant part of WWF Nepal’s projectsand programs. In the next five years WWFNepal’s focus will be guided by an empha-sis on marketing our conservation gains inthe field. For different purposes, our targetaudiences will include those who work onthe ground, CBOs, the Government ofNepal, the WWF Network, internationalgovernment aid agencies, and individualdonors. Marketing will play an importantrole in fostering new partnerships forfundraising. Plans for this are reflected inthe business plan. On the national andregional stage, communications will seekto reinforce WWF Nepal’s credibility as anorganization that works with people forconservation and environmental protection.

87 In addition, the Communications andMarketing Unit will be involved in commu-nicating in conflict situations, improvingdocumentation and access to informationthrough the WWF Nepal Resource Centre,and will seek innovative ways to communi-cate conservation and sustainable devel-opment for maximum impact. Given theglobal concerns of the WWF Network,WWF Nepal will be a strategic and activecontributor in linking sustainable liveli-hoods with conservation wins, highlighting

the issues of illegal wildlife trade on local,regional, national, and international plat-forms, and indigenous knowledge andparticipation in conservation.

88 The main communication activitiesin WWF Nepal involve print, broadcast,and interactive tools. In the past, thecommunications program has beensuccessful in highlighting conservationissues of national and local importancethrough the features service, newsletters,reporting, and other publications; byestablishing a presence on radio, televi-sion, and the Internet; and by developinga core group of media people who aresensitized to environment and develop-ment concerns. Communications materi-als are developed in English, Nepali, andother regional languages. This is criticalfor target audiences to recall conservationissues. We also utilize conservation daysof importance like World EnvironmentDay, World Wetland Day, and WildlifeWeek to highlight our work throughenvironmental awareness programs.

StrategiesStrategic objectives for the communica-tions and marketing unit with priorityactions for the future have been devel-oped with the broad aim of enhancing ourexternal and internal communications.This will be achieved by focusing on thefollowing strategic objectives or goals:

� Increase awareness and influenceattitudes on conservation in Nepal.

� Enhance WWF Nepal’s working relation-ship with the media leading to positivemedia coverage on conservation and, inparticular, on WWF Nepal’s work.

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� Ensure transparency and accountabil-ity in WWF Nepal’s work in Nepal.

� Contribute to WWF Nepal’s work tobuild public and international supportfor conservation and fundraising.

EXPECTED OUTCOMES

89 In the five year period from 2006–2011, WWF Nepal will work with indig-enous and local communities, grassrootsorganizations, like-minded institutions anddonors, and the Government of Nepal tofurther consolidate conservation gains inNepal by delivering the following results:

I The landscape approach will beutilized in the management of morethan one-third (38 per cent) of the totalland cover of Nepal, conservingbiodiversity in four Global 200Ecoregions. This will include theendorsement and implementation ofthe Greater Terai Arc Landscape–NepalSacred Himalayan Landscape–Nepal,and Northern Mountain Landscape.

II More than half the area under theprotected area system (53 per cent) will

be effectively managed to maintainecologically, demographically, andgenetically viable populations of keyspecies like the Bengal tiger, greaterone-horned rhinoceros, Asianelephant, snow leopard, Gangeticriver dolphin and red panda.

III The livelihoods of more than100,000 households in Nepal will beenhanced through the sustainablemanagement of natural resourcesand livelihood initiatives in theGlobal 200 Ecoregions.

IV Five or more major businesses andindustries in Nepal will pledge theirlong-term support of conservation.

V A minimum of US $10,000,000 willbe leveraged to support conserva-tion initiatives in the working areasof WWF Nepal.

� Improve information sharing, knowl-edge, and team-work in Nepal and withthe WWF Network.

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TABLE 5: Program Areas and Expected Outcomes

PROGRAM AREAS

FORESTS

SPECIES

CLIMATE CHANGE

FRESHWATER

EXPECTED OUTCOMES

� 1.3 million hectares of representative forest and alpine meadow ecosystems under the protected

areas system in three priority landscapes of the Global 200 Ecoregions are protected

� 0.31 million hectares of forests in three priority landscapes of the Global 200 Ecoregions are under

effective management

� 50,000 hectares of degraded forests in the critical areas of the three priority landscapes of the

Global 200 Ecoregions are under restoration

� 50 per cent reduction in illegal activities in national forests, compared to a 2006 baseline, through

the mobilization of community-based anti-poaching operations in three priority landscapes

� 70,000 households directly benefited from improved livelihood opportunities based on forest

products and non-timber forest products and alternative energy schemes

� 150+ breeding tiger population maintained through habitat management, reduction of threats, and

enhanced knowledge base

� 550+ rhinoceros population maintained with the establishment of a second viable population at

Bardia National Park (100+) and a third breeding population (20+) at Shuklaphanta Wildlife Reserve

� 80 per cent reduction in poaching and the retaliatory killing of snow leopards, compared to a 2007

baseline

� 30,000 households directly benefited from livelihood-based conservation initiatives like eco-tourism,

wildlife farming, and farming of alternative crops

� 80 per cent reduction in the illegal trade of wildlife, wildlife parts, and their derivatives through an

integrated approach with the active support of the WWF Network

� Rhino, tiger, elephant, red panda, and river dolphins conservation actions plans prepared, endorsed,

and implemented

� A centralized data/information-based system established on climate change impacts on

biodiversity, ecosystems, people, and the economy

� 1 gold standard CDM project formalized with the revenue from carbon trading invested in reducing

the climate change vulnerability of people in the Terai Arc Landscape

� 5 communities’ livelihoods secured against glacier lake outburst flood through early warning systems

� Global recognition obtained for Nepal as one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change

impacts

� Climate change policy and national level adaptation strategy developed and implemented in Nepal

� 1 high altitude wetland designated as a RAMSAR site and a Gift to the Earth

� 1 river basin managed through Integrated River Basin Management to maintain healthy environmen-

tal processes

� 3 Ramsar sites protected and sustainably managed to conserve the freshwater biodiversity and

meet the livelihood needs of the wetland dependent communities

� A transboundary level Ramsar site (Karnali river system) designated between Nepal and India

� 2 water sector policies amended to advantage biodiversity conservation

� The status of the river dolphin in Nepal established, and a conservation action plan prepared,

endorsed, and implemented

� 30 percent reduction in the use of chemical fertilizer and pesticides in pilot sites as a result of

adopting eco-friendly agricultural technologies

� 2 agricultural and environmental sector policies of Nepal including an APP Implementation Plan

influenced to minimize the use of chemical fertilizer and pesticides

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hris M B

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This section of the WWF Nepal Strategic Planprovides ways and means to achieve theconservation goals. This includes designingimplementation models, organizational structure,setting accountability structures, developinghuman resource strategies and a preparing afund-raising and financial plan.

BUSINESS PLAN

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90 WWF Nepal is an international non-governmental organization (INGO). Itoperates in Nepal according to the cov-enants of a General Agreement with theSocial Welfare Council (SWC), the statutoryand nodal agency authorized by theGovernment of Nepal to facilitate the workof INGOs. This General Agreement governsWWF Nepal’s overall operations in Nepaland facilitates the running of its projectsand programs through local partnersincluding non-governmental organizations(NGOs), community based organizations(CBOs), and government agencies.

91 Of the government agencies, WWFNepal’s closest long-term partner is theMinistry of Forests and Soil Conservation(MoFSC). The MoFSC is responsible forthe conservation of biodiversity in Nepalincluding the management of forests,national parks, and protected areas.Among MoFSC departments, WWF Nepalis closely associated with the Departmentof National Parks and Wildlife Conservation(DNPWC) and the Department of Forests(DoF). While continuing its relationship withthese agencies, WWF Nepal plans to

ProgramImplementation:Improved Paradigms

strengthen its partnership with otherMinistries of Government of Nepal. WWFNepal also intends to work closely withrecognized universities in Nepal during thecoming strategic plan period.

92 The WWF Network is supported bysome five million individual members. Yeta large part of its funding comes fromgovernment aid agencies (GAA) andprivate foundations. These donors expectWWF Nepal to deliver results and, to thatend, they expect WWF Nepal to haveeffective systems and processes inplace. The management of WWF Nepal isaccountable to these donors, as well asto its own board of directors, to ensurethe application of due-diligence in select-ing implementing partners, as well insupporting these partners throughout theproject implementation process.

93 It was with this sense of responsibil-ity that WWF Nepal began helping MoFSCto build its capacity, and that of its subordi-nate agencies, to develop and effectivelyexecute biodiversity projects. Over theyears, WWF Nepal and MoFSC have jointly

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created institutional mechanisms involvingsenior staff from both organizations toenable projects to effectively function onthe ground. These critical mechanisms willbe fine-tuned during the next five years in

active consultation and engagement withMoFSC. Figure 1 shows the respectivecontributions made by WWF Nepal, theMoFSC, and the community to projectimplementation.

Figure 1: Project Implementation by MoFSC, WWF Nepal, and Communities

94 To further enhance the effective-ness of our projects and programs, and tomake them sustainable, WWF Nepal hasbeen forming community based organiza-tions (CBOs) and helping them to buildtheir capacity to run conservation andlivelihood activities. Unlike the Ministriesof Government of Nepal or internationalagencies like WWF Nepal, CBOs willexist in communities perennially. In thecoming strategic plan period, WWF Nepalwill work directly with CBOs and NGOs tocompliment the ongoing projects. WWFNepal will continue to build the capacity ofCBOs, assisting them financially andtechnically in the process. Figure 2 showshow CBOs small implement activities withthe support of WWF Nepal and the SWC.

Figure 2: Implementation by CBOs

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95 The last decade’s conflict has hadan overall negative impact on Nepal’sbiodiversity and on conservation efforts.At the same time, the conflict hasfocused attention on transparency andaccountability. Organizations and agen-cies working in the public domain havebeen forced to be more transparent,accountable, and inclusive in the way that

they operate, as well as in their decision-making processes. WWF Nepal is awareof the need for such processes and overthe years has developed very inclusiveand open processes and modes ofoperation as described in Figure 3 that willcontinue to be improved, and made moreinclusive and effective in the comingstrategic plan period.

Figure 3: Inclusive Process in Project Planning and Implementation

96 WWF Nepal’s professional staffoperating from its central office inKathmandu implement some programactivities directly by procuring goods andservices (consultants), running smallgrant programs (for travel, small buturgent conservation activities, researchand studies), and hiring human resources.Program activities targeted at urbanaudiences shall be implemented bycentral office professional staff. WWFNepal is soon to open regional offices,

which will help the central office inKathmandu to share some of theseresponsibilities, as well as work directlywith local communities.

97 There are a number of internationaland national organizations active in Nepalwhose work has a substantial impact onbiodiversity and on the sustainabledevelopment efforts of WWF Nepal. Manyof these organizations are activelyengaged in the same geographical areas

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and thematic programs as WWF Nepal.Collaboration with these organizations isnot only critical to the success of WWFNepal’s own projects and programs, butalso has the potential to increase theimpact of WWF Nepal’s projects andprograms exponentially. WWF Nepal,through memorandums of understanding(MOUs) and various other partnershipagreements, intends to maximize thebenefits from such synergies and lever-age them for its overarching goals.

98 In the past five years, WWF Nepalhas signed a number of MOUs withvarious partner organizations for a varietyof purposes. However, the implementationof these MOUs has not always beeneffective. In the coming strategic planperiod, WWF Nepal will review theseMOUs, extend them where expedient, andoptimise their use.

99 Although in the past WWF Nepalhas been able to make good use of itspartners’ resources through leveraging,this has not been well reflected in its

reports. Leveraging is an effective way forWWF Nepal to broaden the impact of itswork. Hence, in this strategic plan periodWWF Nepal will develop institutionalsystems and processes to facilitateleveraging.

100 WWF Nepal will also make gooduse of the expertise and competencies ofits local and international partners toimplement activities. By sharing re-sources with its partners, WWF Nepalhopes to reduce operational overheadsthrough economies of scale. For example,WWF Nepal may outsource mico-financ-ing activities in Terai to a local partnerNGO skilled in this area. This will giveWWF Nepal an opportunity to focus onother activities that it is more suited to.One of the areas that WWF Nepal intendsto focus on in the coming strategic planperiod is the simplification and standard-ization of its program activities. This isexpected to substantially enhanceefficiency in service delivery. Figure 4elaborates how this crucial transformationwill take place in coming five years.

Figure 4: Standardization, Synergy, and Outsourcing

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101 WWF Nepal’s existing projectimplementation modalities with theGovernment of Nepal might not suit theneeds of some of Nepal’s unique conser-vation challenges. Issues like curbing thewildlife trade and measuring and adaptingto climate change impacts need tailoredsolutions. WWF Nepal will remain flexiblewhile developing solutions to thesechallenges.

102 In the coming strategic planperiod WWF Nepal will work closely withbusiness and industry leaders in Nepalto positively impact on their functioningin the interests of conservation. Throughsuch relationships WWF Nepal will beable to spread conservation awarenessto business houses and their customers.Similarly, the eco clubs with tens ofthousands of student member developover last several years by WWF Nepalwill be galvanized to spread awarenessamong the communities that theybelong to.

103 WWF Nepal places a lot of valueon lessons learned and knowledge.However, the organization is yet toengineer a reflexive system to ensure thatlessons learned reach the scene of actionin a timely manner. WWF Nepal willendeavour to improve this in the comingstrategic plan period.

104 WWF Nepal also intends to puteach planned project and activity througha rigorous ‘do-ability’ test. Failing toundertake this test can seriously affectthe spending capacity of projects. Effec-tiveness in project implementation is

crucial to WWF Nepal’s credibility in theinternational donor community and,therefore, will be given due significance inthe coming strategic plan period. Last, butnot least, all the efforts of WWF Nepal willbe orchestrated to bring about a culture of‘execution’ of jobs, projects, and pro-grams.

HUMAN RESOURCESDEVELOPMENT: MAKING WWFNEPAL THE BEST PLACE TOWORK

105 Quality human resources andtheir continuous development is the keyto the success of WWF Nepal. This fact iswell recognized within the organization. Totake the organization to the next level inhuman resource management anddevelopment, WWF Nepal has developeda Human Resources Strategy as elabo-rated in Table 1 that covers all facets ofthis discipline. These strategies shall beimplemented in the next five years.

106 WWF Nepal truly takes pride inits staff. Over the years it has been ableto attract, recruit, and retain manycapable Nepali professionals, many ofthem passionate about the work thatWWF Nepal does. Recent salary surveyssuggest that the organization is wellplaced among national and internationalNGOs operating in Nepal in terms ofsalaries and benefits. However, a goodpart of the human resources that WWFNepal needs also have a market outsideconservation organizations. These peoplecould be absorbed by UN agencies,

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bilateral donors, and even by the privatesector. It is, therefore, important for WWFNepal to offer benefits packages that arecompetitive with these varied organiza-tions. In the coming strategic plan period,efforts will be made to survey theseagencies at regular intervals to ensurethat WWF Nepal remains a competitiveemployer.

107 In addition to monetary benefits,WWF Nepal also plans to provide greatworking conditions for its staff, bothphysical and culturally, to enable staff toprosper as individuals and as a part oftheir respective teams. Team spirit andleadership will be encouraged throughformal and informal processes. Efforts willalso be made to further improve theperformance evaluation system to ensurethat it is even more fair and measurable inconsultation with WWF US. In the comingstrategic plan period an even more com-prehensive 360 degree evaluation systemwill be put in place. Under this system,weight will be given to learning and sharing.As a knowledge based organization, thedynamism of key staff, as well as of theorganization itself, could not be achievedwithout consciously making an effort tostrengthen the learning attitude within theorganization. Opportunities within the WWFNetwork and outside shall be explored andutilized for staff development.

108 A special effort will also bemade to create a safe and secure workingenvironment, especially for those staffwho work outside Kathmandu at theproject sites. The staff at the project sitesare on the front-line and work much closerto the action than the staff in Kathmandu.Hence, their significance to WWF Nepal’sconservation initiatives can not beoverestimated. Policies and proceduresshould be fine-tuned to recognize thespecial significance of our field-basedstaff.

109 Years of working in Nepal haveled WWF Nepal to believe that in order tobe effective as a conservation organiza-tion in Nepal it must work in partnershipwith the right organizations. One suchpartner is the Government of Nepal. Whileworking with the government, it is highlyeffective for projects to use the leadershipof government employees, in due consul-tation of course with their employers. Thisis because government employees havea legal mandate that professional employ-ees of agencies like WWF Nepal lack. Inaddition, government employees areexpected to work with the government fora long period of time and are, therefore,worthy of investment from the perspec-tive of long-term conservation benefits.WWF Nepal shall continue to leverage thecapacities of such partners’ employeesfor the benefit of its projects.

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STRATEGY

A. Attract the interest of qualified

and passionate candidates by being

a fair and credible organization that

cares about its workforce.

B. Establish a right mix of well

informed interviewing panel involved

in a fair and objective selection

process that helps ensure presence

of right skills and attitude in the

successful candidate.

C. Outsource as much support

functions in a cost effective manner

as available through professional

service providers locally.

A. Create a comfortable, healthy,

and safe physical work-place, and

an enabling work-culture that brings

out the best in our employees.

B. Establish clear, equitable, and fair

policies well understood by

employees and adhered to by the

management.

A. Establish well structured,

interactive, and effective annual

appraisal system that allows staff to

build on their respective strength

thereby enhancing performance.

B. Establish policies that ensures

incentives tied to performance.

A. Provide competitive compensa-

tion and attractive benefits that are

internally equitable, rational, and

comply with local legislation and

practices.

B. Ensure continuity of competitive-

ness of our compensations and

benefits.

TABLE 1: WWF Nepal Human Resources Strategy

OVERALL GOAL: To make WWF Nepal not just a good but a great place to work by attracting, motivating, and retaining a workforce

capable of helping the organization meet its overarching goals of biodiversity conservation and sustainable development.

STANDARDS

1. RECRUITMENT

2. WORKING

CONDITIONS AND

POLICIES

3. APPRAISALS

4. COMPENSATION

AND BENEFITS

STANDARDS

5. LEARNING,

SHARING, AND

DEVELOPMENT

6. CRISIS

MANAGEMENT

AND SECURITY

7. CAPACITY

LEVERAGING

WITH PARTNERS

STRATEGY

A. Encourage continual learning of

staff to maintain a professional

competitive edge as an organization.

Provide right platform to staff to

learn in team setting from outside

experts and inhouse resources.

B. Ensure regular coaching and

mentoring by supervisors. Play an

active role in the development of

staff by means of relevant training

and change in job responsibilities

based on appraisal outcomes, and

through leveraging network

resources.

A. Have a well structured and

documented crisis management plan

(including disaster recovery plan)

well rehearsed by, and well known

to, the staff to minimize damage

and risk to the organization and its

staff.

B. Establish relevant security

systems and guidelines that makes

the working environment secure for

staff.

A. Make intelligent use of the un-

utilized HR capacity of implementing

partners to achieve greater

conservation results.

B. Send our staff temporarily to

work with our partners to comple-

ment their ability to execute and

report back on complex projects that

have multiple donors with diverse

reporting requirements.

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STAFF ACCOUNTABILITYSETTING

110 WWF Nepal believes that theauthority should remain with the peoplewho are accountable for doing the job. Thisbelief has led to the delegation anddevolution of a great deal of authority fromthe top management in WWF Nepal to thepeople who are closest to the action.During this strategic plan period, for thefirst time, a concerted effort will be madeto delineate the accountability and author-ity of our staff in a formal and systematicmanner within the organization’s systemsand processes.

111 This process will start at thevery top by making the senior executivesof the organization accountable for keyfunctions like fundraising, operations, andpublic relations. This will be followed byan overall accountability setting for theentire organization. Accountability for‘spending’ versus ‘fundraising’, ‘enabling’versus ‘doing’, and ‘lessons-learned’versus ‘adaptive-change’ shall be clearlysplit across the organization so as tomake it more effective. Figure 5 elabo-rates this broadly.

112 Despite this division of account-ability, WWF Nepal recognizes that, beinga small and sleek organization, we needto develop certain skills, like communica-tion skills, across the board. Similarly, allemployees, no matter what they do withinthe formal setting of the organization,must contribute in some way to certainactivities such as fundraising. The arrowand reverse arrow on either side of theaccountability setting in Figure 6 signifiesthis characteristic of the process.

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

113 The organizational structure ofWWF Nepal shall be further developed inthe first year of the coming strategic planperiod to better tie the objectives of thisplan with individual positions, units, anddepartments according to the overalldirection provided by the accountabilitysetting structure (Figures 5 and 6). TheCountry Representative will be freed fromresponsibilities that others in the organi-zation can take care of, given theirincreased experience and skills. Forexample, the involvement of the CountryRepresentative in field project implemen-

Figure 5: Leadership Accountability Setting

Figure 6: All Staff Accountability Setting

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Figure 7: Organization Structure WWF Nepal

tation will substantially decrease and theConservation Program Director willbecome totally accountable for this area.As head of the organization, the CountryRepresentative will continue to be answer-able to the outside world for all facets ofWWF Nepal’s work, but the internaldivision of responsibility described abovewill leave the Country Representative withprecious additional time to build institu-tional and public relations both within andoutside Nepal.

114 In the new structure, there willbe three pillars supporting the CountryRepresentative and taking care of criticalorganizational functions: (i) ConservationProgram Department, (ii) ProgramDevelopment and Resources Depart-ment, and (iii) Business Relations andOperations Department. Each of these

departments will be headed by a SeniorDirector. The Program Development andResources Department and BusinessRelations and Operations Departmentwill provide support to the field programs/projects. Figure 7 gives a broad overviewof the organization structure in thecoming five years.

115 The heart of the organization willbe its field programs/projects led by theConservation Program Director. During thecoming strategic plan period, two newregional offices will be opened by WWFNepal (Eastern Regional Office andWestern Regional Office) to be closer tothe action and to enable WWF Nepal towork directly with communities. Programofficers and other staff will work fromKathmandu with frequent travel to the field.

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116 WWF Nepal will have standingthematic groups to spearhead organizationaldiscourse on subjects of critical importancelike species and forests, etc. These teamswill be led by WWF Nepal staff with profes-sional and academic expertise in thesedisciplines. Relevant staff will be members ofthese thematic groups.

117 Each regional office will be ledby a director and supported by adequateprofessional staff. The regional offices willgradually become more independentthrough the delegation of requisite authori-ties. The Western Regional Office will beopened in Nepalganj at the beginning ofthis strategic plan period.

118 The Director of the ProgramDevelopment and Resources Departmentwill be responsible for running all supportprograms including livelihood programs,policy/advocacy programs, conservationscience and database programs, andeducation/awareness programs. TheProgram Development and ResourcesDepartment will also be responsible forcommunications, marketing, andfundraising functions of WWF Nepal. Thisdepartment will take care of new pro-grams until they become strong enough tobe amalgamated with the field programs.This department will support the Directorof Business Relations and Operationswhile dealing with the Private BusinessSector in Nepal.

119 The operational support functionof WWF NP has been undergoing atransformation. Over the last decade thedepartment has increased its capacity totake up a ‘business partnership’ role in

FIGURE 8: WWF Nepal ChangingShape of Operational Support

supporting all project and programs withinthe office. During the coming strategic planperiod, the Business Relations and Opera-tions department will take a much moreproactive role than in the past to achievebetter results for the organization. Figure 8explains the transformation that it wentthrough in the last five years, and aimingfor in the coming five.

120 The Director of Business Relationsand Operations shall be responsible forfinancial management, reporting and control,human resources and facilities management,contracts management, information technol-ogy usage, program administration, andsecurity and safety of the offices and staff.The Director of Business Relations andOperations will also be responsible for forgingpartnerships with business and industry inNepal for the support of conservation initia-tives. The function of institutional develop-ment, both by developing adequate policies,procedures and systems, and enabling work

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five years, will be made more active byincluding appropriate WWF networkleaders. Terms of reference will be devel-oped for this purpose soon, making theAdvisory Board responsible for providingstrategic direction and guidance to WWFNepal. Several intra-office standing teamswill be created to provide cross-sectionalexpertise for important functions. TheSenior Management Team will be ex-panded to take in senior staff as appropri-ate A fundraising and audit team will becreated to bring about a more concertedand inclusive process to ensure betterresource mobilization and greater ac-countability. Table 2 enumerates some ofthe cross-cutting teams that will helpWWF Nepal in coming five years.

environment to augment WWF Nepal’seffectiveness to deliver conservation resultsshall continue to be the responsibility of thisdepartment. The regional and Project Financeand Administration Officers shall reportindirectly to this department while continuingto report directly to their respective head ofoffices. External audits and tax audits willcontinue to be handled by this departmentwhile efforts shall be made to put in placegood practices like public audits at locationswhere project activities are implemented. Theproject operations manual and other adminis-trative manuals will be periodically updated toaddress the needs of the day .

121 The WWF Nepal Advisory Board,which has been in existence for more than

TABLE 2: Standing Teams to Support Management

STANDING BODIES

Advisory Board

Senior Management Team

Fundraising Team

Audit Team

Crisis Management Team

MEMBERS

Advisors, Country Representative

Country Representative, Directors, and

Senior Officers

Senior Management Team and Senior

Officers

Conservation Program Director, Director

Business Relations and Operations, Senior

Officers

Country Representative, Conservation

Program Director, Director Operations and

Business Relations, and Security focal

point at the office

SCOPE OF WORK

To give strategic guidance and advise on

institutional issues from external

perspective

Management decisions

For situational analysis, addressing funding

gaps, and action planning

Internal and external audits, transparency

and accountability checks, and assimilating

best practices

Crisis management and security,

emergency responses, and disaster

recovery plans

MEETING FREQUENCY

At least once a year

Once a month

Once a quarter

Twice a year

Quarterly

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FUND MOBILIZATIONAND STRATEGY

122 September 11, 2001 and itsaftermath had a negative impact on WWFNepal’s fundraising ability. It is not exactlyclear why, but it is probably due to theshifting priorities of donors in the westfollowing that gruesome incident. How-ever, the end result of this, as of today,looks more positive than negative. Thefundraising is now more robust as theorganization was forced to look beyondthe United States for the financial supportof our projects. Today, as we write thisplan, we have secured financial supportfrom the governments of Netherlands,Finland, and Britain, alongside several ofour conventional donors. In nutshell,WWF Nepal has significantly diversifiedits funding during the last five years, andplans to diversify this even more in thecoming five year time.

123 However, we can not afford to becomplacent. Support from the WWFNetwork still constitutes a pre-dominantpart of our funding. The proportion of fundsat our disposal backed by a long-termcommitment is also minimal. These areserious challenges. In the coming strategicplan period, WWF Nepal will endeavour toovercome these challenges by taking amuch more strategic approach. WWFNepal’s spending has consistently beenless than funds raised. This indicatessome issues within our systems andprocesses. WWF Nepal will be analyzingthis and implementing corrective measuresas elaborated in the earlier section of thisplan. A scientific cost recovery system willalso assist in this process.

124 WWF Nepal has set itself atarget of 30 million USD to be raised andspent on projects and programs in thecoming five years. If achieved, this will bethree times its current capacity. Obviouslythis target is very ambitious and astrategic approach is needed to reach it.Accordingly, WWF Nepal intends todevelop a dynamic fundraising strategyduring the first year of this strategic plan.This will provide a much needed sense ofdirection and set realistic targets andmilestones for fundraising. Accessingfunds for non-core programs will be givenless priority, as it takes attention awayfrom strategic initiatives. Only funds thatcan be realistically spent will be accessedand donors will be kept up-to-date onpotential under-spending.

125 This fundraising strategy willalso approach the issue of leveraging in afocused manner. Realistic targets will beset and ways to capture actual leveragingwill be identified for implementation. Thefocus will be on the further diversificationof our donor profile, as well as on acquir-ing a higher proportion of long-termfunding commitments. A separate analy-sis will be done on the practicality andpossibility of bringing unconventionaldonors into WWF Nepal’s fold.

126 Unlike in the past, the Nepalibusiness community will be harnessed asa substantial source of funding in future.Institutional mechanisms will be devel-oped and increasingly used to engageleaders in business and industry andsensitize them to environmental issues.The language and mediums of communi-

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data/maps provided by this are usedextensively for WWF Nepal’s proposalsand technical reports.

129 In the coming five years, WWFNepal plans to take all of these currentactivities to a higher level of usefulness,thereby bringing about a much higherdegree of efficiency (in terms of both timeand money). The technology, both hard-ware and software, is available withinNepal to allow us to achieve a muchgreater degree of automation in our work.The support extended by service provid-ers is also, by and large, dependable.

130 A strategic approach will beapplied to this end as well. Some of theimmediate measures that WWF Nepal willtake to increase the degree of automationand use of Internet-based solutions areelaborated in the following paragraphs.

131 The official WWF Nepal websitewill be made even more user-friendly bythe addition of features that allow users toreceive regular updates on conservationissues, WWF Nepal eco-circulars, andupdates on new publications by WWFNepal and its partner organizations. Thepossibility of using the website to receivefunds from friends of conservationworldwide will also be tested.

132 WWF Nepal also plans to furtherautomate the transaction processing ofaccounting information and financialreporting. Online accounting software willbe tailored to enable Kathmandu basedstaff to access budget information on

cation used will be tailored to suit theseprospective donors’ world view.

127 WWF Nepal has already takensome steps to strengthen its fundraisingefforts by increasing institutional supportfor this function. The staff responsible forfundraising will now report directly to theCountry Representative. A fundraisingteam has been constituted of membersfrom all disciplines within the organizationto provide support to the fundraising staff.The Communication function will nowbecome part of Marketing andFundraising. The use of the Internet forthis purpose will also be tested.

INFORMATION ANDCOMMUNICATIONTECHNOLOGY (ICT)

128 WWF Nepal has been a reason-ably good user of conventional informa-tion technology in its business. It hasInternet connectivity for every single PCused by its staff. E-mails are the preferredmeans of communication for many routinematters. Data back-up for staff is man-aged in an efficient way. Staff to a largeextent use shared files and resources intheir day to day business. The accountingsystems at the Kathmandu office and inall of the project offices are totallycomputerized. A website atwww.wwfnepal.org is maintained andoffers handy information on conservationand WWF Nepal led projects. It alsoprovides access to our global network ofoffices. A database on biological andsocio-economic information as well GIS ismaintained at the Kathmandu office. The

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funds spent at project offices and otheraccounting information in real-time. Thiswill also replace the current practice ofsending and receiving thick financialreports to/from the project offices, asthey will be readily available inKathmandu. A simple certification pagefrom the project/regional offices willsatisfy the financial reporting needs. Aneffort will also be made to provide activ-ity-based financial reports to programstaff using the same software.

133 Software will also be developedto facilitate the charging of staff-time tothe correct cost centre. This software willallow staff and supervisors to managetime sheets electronically without havingto physically prepare, deliver, and autho-rize time sheets. The same software willbe used to create a database of staff forreal-time use by management. This willalso reduce the manual work currentlybeing done by Accounts and HumanResources staff.

134 A programmatic and operationaldatabase will be maintained in a muchmore structured manner. The use ofnetwork resources will be given a stan-dardized structure by developing andimplementing a quality intranet solution.The programmatic database will bedeveloped in wide consultation with staffand partners over the coming two years.

PRACTICING WHAT WE PREACH

135 WWF Nepal will nominate asmall Environmental ManagementSystems (EMS) Group to monitor andreduce the environmental footprint of theoffice. The group will meet at fixed regularintervals to discuss and implementmechanisms to reduce waste, the use ofresources, the release of pollutants intothe environment, and to promote environ-mental awareness among staff. Percent-age reductions in each of these areas willbe specified and aimed for.

136 Staff will be made aware of WWFNepal’s environmental policies, objec-tives, and targets and be trained to useenergy-saving equipment, methods, andprocedures, particularly in relation to theuse of electricity, heating, ventilation, andwaste management. As a conservationorganization, WWF Nepal will strive toensure that all procurement is ‘green’ andwill reduce, reuse, and recycle in order tohave a lighter environmental footprint.

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institution, WWF Nepal is excited aboutthe possibilities that these enablingconditions will offer. However, the underly-ing causes of the conflict will not changeovernight. The overwhelming poverty,denial of rights of the poor to naturalresources, and lack of inclusive gover-nance all need years of concerted actionon everyone’s part to be solved. WWFNepal will continue to support Nepal’sgrowth in this direction.

140 There is, of course, a chancethat the current peace talks will beunsuccessful and that the politicalinterests of the different controllingparties will take precedence over peaceand order. While this situation is unthink-able, it still must be considered. If thisscenario eventuates, WWF Nepal willcontinue to apply its now proven strategyof maintaining a low institutional profile inrural areas, working through local partnersand communities, and maintaining a highdegree of accountability and transparencyin its dealings.

141 Conservation works in Nepalhave traditionally been supported andpatronized by Nepal’s elite. This couldlead some to conclude that conserva-tion merely serves the rich and powerful.The current delicate political environ-ment might preclude WWF Nepal, andother conservation organizations, fromdenying such unfounded insinuations. Itis, therefore, important for conservationorganizations working in Nepal, and theirfriends, to work pro-actively to commu-nicate the facts to the right audience.WWF Nepal will work towards this as apriority.

REDRESSING RISKS ANDSCENARIOS

137 Hardly out of the turbulent andbloody past, the mere mention of the word‘risk’ in Nepal calls to mind the physical riskto personnel and the organization posed bythe Maoist insurgency. WWF Nepal hasbeen exposed to its share of risk. By someaccounts it will take some time before onewould declare Nepal a safe place to work.While the leaders of the insurgency seemall too eager to embrace peace, it isuncertain how they will control their cadreson the ground. A whole generation has beenraised amidst terror and violence. Hardenedby past experience, WWF Nepal is currentlywell placed to take on these challenges.WWF Nepal has a contingency plan inplace for staff safety and security. It alsoregularly assesses the risk at each of itsproject locations. This preparedness andsome further fine-tuning will hopefully keepstaff safe and secure.

138 The insecure working environ-ment also seriously affects the efficiencyof our service delivery and programimplementation. The past several yearshave led our program planning andbudgeting function to work on a number ofscenarios. A best estimate of the reduc-tion in attainable targets and resultingunder-spending under each of thesescenarios has been prepared and isperiodically reviewed. Donors are informedof extraordinary scenarios. WWF Nepalplans to continue these practices duringthe coming strategic plan period.

139 The return of peace and order inNepal is a welcome change and, as an

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The WWF Nepal Strategic Plan (2006-2011) is a work inprogress. As an ambitious, adaptive, and innovative organi-zation we aim to deliver not only on the contents of thesepages but also on the overall promise to safeguard a livingplanet for future generations.

We are here to find solutions to save nature byworking with people and WWF Nepal faces the futurewith optimism.

142 With major changes in Nepal’sstate structure on the horizon, it is likely thatin a few years time there will be a totally orsubstantially new structure and system ofgovernment. WWF Nepal will remain neutralto such changes, as long as they are notdetrimental to conservation. WWF Nepal willkeep engaging with government partners,irrespective of how they are constructed andtheir composition, and such engagement willcontinue to be critical to our success.

143 WWF Nepal will by wary ofcommercial interests that are not environ-mentally friendly that might arise in thecoming months and years as the result ofpower changes. Advocacy against such

interests can only be done in partnershipwith like-minded organizations. WWFNepal shall lead and facilitate suchconcerted actions.

144 The destruction of physicalinfrastructure and large scale displace-ment of people as a result of the conflicthave brought immense misery to thealready deprived population in rural Nepal.It is expected that the Government ofNepal, duly supported by internationalcommunity, will give foremost priority tothese issues. WWF Nepal will see to itthat environmental concerns are consid-ered by the government while addressingthese issues.

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Summary of Financial ProjectionsFINANCIAL PLAN 2006-11Summary by Objective/Program

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WWF NEPAL

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AREA 147,181km2

POPULATION 27 Million (2005 est.)

ANNUAL POPULATION GROWTH RATE 2.4%

ETHNICITY 100 ethnic groups

PER CAPITA INCOME 240 US$

GDP GROWTH 4.8% (2003-2007, WB)

POVERTY 31%

HUMAN DEV. INDEX 0.526 (136th)

AREA UNDER PA SYSTEM 19%

FOREST AND SHRUBS 39.6%

APPENDICES

Nepal – Country Profile

PROTECTED AREAS OF NEPAL

CATEGORY AREA (KM2) ALTITUDE (M)

(YEAR OF ESTABLISHMENT)

NATIONAL PARKS (NP)

Chitwan NP (1973) 932 150 – 815

Bardia NP (1976/1988) 968 152 – 1494

Shivapuri NP (2002) 144 1366 – 2732

Khaptad NP (1984) 225 1000 – 3276

Makalu Baarun NP (1991) 1,500 435 – 8463

Sagarmatha NP (1976) 1,148 2800 – 8848

Langtang NP (1976) 1,710 792 – 7245

Shey Phoksundo NP (1984) 3,555 2000 – 6885

Rara NP (1976) 106 1800 – 4048

TOTAL 10,288

WILDLIFE RESERVE (WR)

Koshi Tappu WR (1976) 175 90

Parsa WR (1984) 499 150 – 815

Shuklaphanta WR (1976) 305 90 – 270

TOTAL 979

CATEGORY AREA (KM2) ALTITUDE (M)

(YEAR OF ESTABLISHMENT)

HUNTING RESERVE (HR)

Dhorpatan HR (1987) 1325 2850 – 7000

TOTAL 1325

CONSERVATION AREA (CA)

Kanchenjunga CA (1997) 2,035 1200 – 8598

Manaslu CA (1998) 1,663 1360 – 8163

Annapurna CA (1986, 1992) 7,629 1000 – 8092

TOTAL 11,327

BUFFER ZONE

Chitwan NP 750

Bardia NP 328

Makalu Barun NP 830

Langtang NP 420

Shey Phoksundo NP 449

Sagarmatha NP 275

Parsa WR

Koshi Tappu WR

TOTAL 3,051

Total Area Protected 26,970

(% of Nepal Territory) (18.32)

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WWF FactsheetTHE GLOBAL CONSERVATION

ORGANIZATION

WWF is one of the world’s largest inde-pendent conservation organizations, withclose to 5 million supporters and anetwork active in more than 100 countrieson five continents. Since its creation in1961, it has maintained a constant recordof success. Today, WWF funds close to2,000 projects and employs more than4,000 people worldwide. It has a globalincome of about CHF 600 million.

MISSION AND PRIORITIES

WWF’s mission is to stop the degradationof the planet’s natural environment and tobuild a future in which humans live inharmony with nature, by:

� conserving the world’s biologicaldiversity

� ensuring that the use of renewableresources is sustainable

� promoting the reduction of pollutionand wasteful consumption.

To achieve its mission, WWF:� works in partnership with govern-

ments, local communities, interna-tional agencies, and business andindustry, identifying realistic solutionsto the world’s most pressing environ-mental problems

� reinforces its program of field projectswith policy work specifically designedto address the root causes of environ-mental degradation

� uses a rational and science-basedapproach to conservation, whichfocuses on key issues and priorities

� carefully stewards all funds receivedand, through global leadership, en-deavors to obtain maximum value fromthese donations through leveraging thesupport of conservation partners

� promotes the replication of its conser-vation achievements through educa-tion and local capacity building, inpartnership with other organizations,and through worldwide communica-tions.

Through its Global Conservation Program,WWF has contributed significantly to thedevelopment of the world conservationmovement and to sustainable develop-ment in a period of great pressure on theplanet’s natural resources.In carrying out its work, WWF cooperateswith many partners, including UN organi-zations and IUCN–The World Conserva-tion Union, as well as developmentagencies such as government aid agen-cies or the World Bank, with which WWFhas formed an alliance to address forestissues.WWF Network income originates fromindividuals (53%), governments and aidagencies (22%), corporate donations

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(10%), trusts and foundations (6%), andother sources (9%).

ProgramsWWF’s Global Conservation Programcovers the full spectrum of conservationactivities, both at field and policy level. Itencompasses ecoregion conservation inthe “Global 200” – areas that WWFscientists have identified as the Earth’smost biologically outstanding terrestrial,freshwater, and marine habitats – andglobal thematic programs on key issues.This is supported by a series of “cross-cutting” initiatives (for example on trade,agriculture, etc.) to eliminate the rootcauses of biodiversity loss.

Ecoregion conservation is achievedthrough Ecoregion Action Programs(EAPs), an ambitious, broad-scale andintegrated approach where WWF, togetherwith many partners, aims to conserveand, where necessary, restore the biologi-cal diversity of an entire ecoregion.

WWF’s thematic programs address keybiomes (forest, freshwater, and marine),global threats (climate change andtoxics), as well as priority endangeredspecies.

Finally, delivery of conservation results isassisted by WWF’s high visibility interna-tional campaigns, which help spotlightcrucial environmental issues and influ-ence national and international policydecisions.

WWF onlinewww.panda.org is the organization’s globalwebsite: an information backbone provid-ing a wealth of data, news and publica-tions about WWF’s work both on theground and in the corridors of power. Thesite is also home to WWF’s global cam-paigning tool “Passport”. It gives visitorsthe licence to take action around theworld on environmental issues from theirhomes, in their offices, at their desks.

WWF’s presence worldwideAustralia, Austria, Belgium, Bhutan,Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Caucasus(Georgia), Central Africa (Cameroon),Central America (Costa Rica), China,Colombia, Danube/Carpathian (Austria),Denmark, Eastern Africa (Kenya), Euro-pean Policy Office (Belgium), Finland,France, Germany, Greater Mekong,Greece, Guianas, Hong Kong, Hungary,India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Macroeco-nomics for Sustainable Development(USA), Madagascar, Malaysia, Mediterra-nean (Italy), Mexico, Mongolia, Nepal,Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway,Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Poland,Russia, South Africa, Southern Africa(Zimbabwe), South Pacific (Fiji), Spain,Sweden, Switzerland, Tanzania, Turkey,United Kingdom, United States, WesternAfrica (Accra, Ghana, and Dakar,Senegal).

AssociatesArgentina (Fundación Vida Silvestre),Ecuador (Fundación Natura), Latvia(Pasaules Dabas Fonds), Nigeria (Nige-rian Conservation Foundation), Venezuela(Fudena)

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WWF tries constantly to improve itseffectiveness in conserving biologicaldiversity. Increasingly, we find ourselvesworking at multiple scales: from saving anendangered species that is confined to asingle forest fragment to ameliorating theeffects of global climate change. Most ofour field efforts to date have been withcountry or subregional programs, consist-ing typically of projects that are restrictedto relatively small areas (e.g., a commu-nity-based project, buffer zone program, orprotected area) for relatively short periodsof time (1-3 years). These projects are thebuilding blocks of conservation. However,to halt the global extinction crisis that wenow face, we must conduct conservationplanning over larger spatial scales andlonger time frames than ever before. Thistask requires analysis and planning at thelevel of landscape or larger scales, withmost actions implemented locally.

The ecoregion conceptWhat is an ecoregion? An ecoregion is arelatively large unit of land or water thatcontains a distinct assemblage of naturalcommunities sharing a large majority ofspecies, dynamics, and environmentalconditions. A terrestrial ecoregion ischaracterized by a dominant vegetationtype, which is widely distributed—although not universally present—in theregion and gives a unifying character to it.Because the dominant plant species

provide most of the physical structure ofterrestrial ecosystems, communities ofanimals also tend to have a unity orcharacteristic expression throughout theregion.

Ecoregions are more suitable units forconservation planning because they

� correspond to the major drivingecological and evolutionary processesthat create and maintain biodiversity;

� address the maintenance of popula-tions of the species that need thelargest areas, an element ofbiodiversity that cannot be accommo-dated at the site scale;

� encompass a logical set ofbiogeographically related communitiesfor representation analyses; and

� enable us to determine the best placesto invest conservation efforts and tobetter understand the role that specificprojects can and should play in theconservation of biodiversity over thelong term.

Finally, analyses and planning at theselarge scales provide the best basis forestablishing conservation priorities. “Actlocally, but think globally” is a usefulmotto because, although we invariably

The Biological Basis ofEcoregion-based Conservation

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have to act locally, without thinking morebroadly at global or regional scales, welack a context (biological, social, andeconomic) for specific local actions thatwill produce long-term conservationbenefits.

The Global 200 EcoregionsBiodiversity is not spread evenly acrossthe Earth but follows complex patternsdetermined by climate, geology and theevolutionary history of the planet. Thesepatterns are called ‘ecoregions’. In 1997,WWF embarked on ecoregion conserva-tion as a response to the increased paceof degradation of the world’s endangeredhabitats and species.

To begin with, WWF identified the mostvaluable and sometimes vulnerableecoregions in the world which bestrepresent the breadth of biodiversity andecological processes. The list of priority

ecoregions identified by WWF scientistsis known as ‘The Global 200 Ecoregions’(see map).

The Global 200 recognize the fact that,whilst tropical forests and coral reefsharbour the most biodiversity and arethe traditional targets of conservationorganizations, unique manifestations ofnature are found in temperate and borealregions, in deserts and mountainchains, which occur nowhere else onEarth and which risk being lost foreverif they are not conserved.

The Global 200 is a science-based globalranking of the Earth’s most biologicallyoutstanding terrestrial, freshwater andmarine habitats. It provides a criticalblueprint for biodiversity conservation ata global scale.

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THE GLOBAL 200 REFLECTS

THREE MAJOR INNOVATIONS

� It is comprehensive in its scope - itencompasses all major habitat typesincluding freshwater and marine systemsas well as land-based habitats. It rangesfrom arctic tundra to tropical reefs, frommangroves to deserts, to include speciesfrom every major habitat type on Earth.

� It is representative in its final selec-tion. The most outstanding examples ofeach major habitat type are included fromevery continent and ocean basin. Thus itincludes, for example, the most importanttropical and temperate forests from eachcontinent, and the most important coralreefs from each ocean.

� It uses ecoregions as the unit ofscale for comparison and analysis.Ecoregions are large areas of relativelyuniform climate that harbour a character-istic set of species and ecologicalcommunities. By focusing on large,biologically distinct areas of land andwater, the Global 200 sets the stage forconserving biodiversity.

WWF has selected a subset of the Global200 where it is best placed to carry out

conservation programs at an ecoregionalscale. WWF encourages others to take upthe challenges of conserving the rest ofthe Global 200 ecoregions.

Tying it up: Thematic Programs and theGlobal 200 EcoregionsThere is a clear synergy between andamongst the six thematic programs andthe Global 200 Ecoregions. The sixthematic programs are a set of globallyimportant processes which are WWF’spriorities for conservation action; theGlobal 200 Ecoregions identify thoselarge landscapes WWF has prioritized forbroad-based conservation action.

Work on the global thematic programsboth inside and outside ecoregions, forexample in the area of sustainable forestmanagement or improving the way inwhich freshwater is used in agriculture,will support the conservation ofecoregions. Conservation of the Global200 Ecoregions will address the long-termsecurity of biodiversity by integrating thesix thematic programs with other conser-vation approaches. In turn, this willaddress the full range of socio-economicfactors that are the root cause forbiodiversity loss, leading to concreteconservation solutions.

Like building blocks, all the interventionsundertaken by WWF Nepal are designedto contribute to a larger goal. As depictedin the diagram above, our work in WWF’sfive thematic areas will concentrate oncreating enabling conditions that willreduce threats to biodiversity. This will, inturn, achieve conservation on a larger,ecoregional level.

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Poverty, Security, and BiodiversitySince the Maoists began their insurgency in1996, its rapid spread and escalation acrossNepal has resulted in losses made for nationaldevelopment in the last few decades. Infrastruc-ture has been destroyed, community institutionshave broken down, there is diminished confi-dence in the political system, and the naturalenvironment has not escaped unscathed.

While Nepalis hope for a resolution to a decade-long Maoist conflict, the reality is that there willalways be fertile ground for an insurgency ifissues like endemic poverty, regional and ethnicimbalances of power, unequal access to andcontrol over processes of development, limitedawareness of rights, limited livelihoods opportu-nities, and increased vulnerability of localcommunities are not addressed. An importantoften underplayed issue in this conflict isaccess to and use of natural resources, whichis a source of conflict particularly among poor,subsistence communities. This has led to anincrease in the degradation of natural resources,leading to devastating long-term repercussionsfor livelihoods and biodiversity.

Access to livelihood strategies is largelydiminished, especially among remote ruralcommunities who suffer several months of foodscarcity during the year. People become evermore dependant upon the use of natural re-sources for their livelihoods. The decimation ofwildlife populations takes generations to re-cover, if it is capable of recovery at all. Thedegradation of the environment and resourcedepletion can lead the country into a viciouscycle of poverty, political instability and environ-mental degradation.

Although natural resources are fundamental tonational development, security and peace, ithas taken a backseat in terms of national anddonor priorities. The government, donors andnon-government organizations have failed toprioritize development and long-term outcomesin remote rural areas where spatial and socialmarginalization and inequities bred the currentconflict. The escalating violence between theinsurgents and the security forces has divertedfunds indispensable for health, education,environment and vital social services intonational security programs. Rural communitieshave been the most affected by the conflictand a degrading natural environment that putstheir lives and livelihoods at risk, creatingconditions for further political instability andconflict.

It is in this context that WWF Nepal will adopt amulti-pronged approach to contribute to recon-ciliation and peace-building among multipleactors, most of whom have the use of naturalresources at stake for their livelihoods. Webelieve that the conflict can bring aboutprogressive socio-economic and politicalchanges as well as new development opportu-nities. Individuals and groups from differentsocial, economic and political backgrounds andinterests can engage in reconciliation, peace-building and development initiatives.

For the conservation community working inconflict affected areas, and for WWF in particu-lar, this is an opportunity to sustain biodiversityconservation and address the conflict’s causesand impacts.

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ReferencesCBS. 2003. Population Monograph. CBS, Kathmandu

HMGN/MFSC. 2002. Nepal Biodiversity Strategy. Ministry of Forestsand Soil Conservation, Nepal. 170pp.

HMGN/MFSC. 2004. Terai Arc Landscape – Nepal Strategic Plan(2004 – 2014), Broad Strategy Document. Ministry of Forests and SoilConservation, Nepal. 43pp.

IUCN. 2000 IUCN Red List of threatened species

Ra S, Singh, B. 2005. Measuring the economic cost of conflict,Working paper series No. 2. ADB, Kathmandu.

World Bank. 2004. Nepal country assistance strategy 2004-2007.World Bank, Kathmandu, Nepal. 133pp.

WWF Nepal Program. 2001. Strategic Plan (2002 – 2006). WWFNepal Program, Kathmandu. 62pp.

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esou

rces

,

unsu

stai

nabl

e co

nsum

ptio

n an

d po

llutio

n

GO

AL:

By

2015

WW

F N

epal

sha

ll co

nser

ve a

t le

ast

3 pr

iorit

y la

ndsc

apes

with

in G

200

ER

s by

:

�re

duci

ng t

hrea

ts t

o sp

ecie

s, h

abita

t an

d ec

olog

ical

pro

cess

es,

and

�im

prov

ing

the

livel

ihoo

ds o

f lo

cal

peop

le

MIL

ES

TO

NE

SIN

DIC

AT

OR

SS

OU

RC

E O

F V

ER

IFIC

AT

ION

ST

RA

TE

GIE

S

OB

JEC

TIV

E 1

:

By

2011

to

Pro

tect

, M

anag

e an

d R

esto

re r

epre

sent

ativ

e

fore

st e

cosy

stem

s in

the

fou

r G

200

ecor

egio

ns o

f th

e

Eas

tern

Him

alay

an E

core

gion

Com

plex

to

cons

erve

biod

iver

sity

and

mee

t th

e liv

elih

ood

need

s of

the

peo

ple

OB

JEC

TIV

E 2

:

By

2011

to

stab

ilise

and

man

age

popu

latio

ns o

f fo

cal

spec

ies

as m

etap

opul

atio

ns i

n th

e E

H E

C C

ompl

ex,

with

the

goal

of

man

agin

g ec

olog

ical

ly a

nd d

emog

raph

ical

ly

viab

le m

etap

opul

atio

ns

OB

JEC

TIV

E 3

:

By

2011

, to

red

uce

the

vuln

erab

ilitie

s of

bio

dive

rsity

,

ecos

yste

ms

and

peop

le t

o cl

imat

e ch

ange

im

pact

s in

Nep

al a

nd t

o im

plem

ent

adap

tatio

n st

rate

gies

OB

JEC

TIV

E 4

:

By

2011

, to

cha

mpi

on t

he c

ause

of

cons

erva

tion

and

man

agem

ent

of f

resh

wat

er r

esou

rces

to

mai

ntai

n th

eir

inte

grity

/bio

dive

rsity

and

bring

ben

efits

to

the

natio

n an

d

loca

l co

mm

uniti

es

60

WWF NEPAL

STRATEGIC PLAN

(2006-2011)

AC

TIO

N P

LAN

(In

terv

entio

n Lo

gic)

MIL

ES

TO

NE

SIN

DIC

AT

OR

SS

OU

RC

E O

F V

ER

IFIC

AT

ION

ST

RA

TE

GIE

SR

ES

OU

RC

ES

(U

SD

)

OB

JEC

TIV

E 1

: B

y 20

11 t

o P

rote

ct,

Man

age

and

Res

tore

rep

rese

ntat

ive

fore

st e

cosy

stem

s in

the

fou

r G

200

ecor

egio

ns o

f th

e E

aste

rn H

imal

ayan

Eco

regi

on

Com

plex

to

cons

erve

bio

dive

rsity

and

mee

t th

e liv

elih

ood

need

s of

the

peo

ple

12,8

75,2

39

393,7

50

610,5

10

305,2

55

122,1

02

231,2

50

125,0

00

305,2

55

MIL

ES

TO

NE

F1.1

By

2009

, 27

0,00

0 ha

und

er

effe

ctiv

e pr

otec

ted

area

man

agem

ent

syst

em i

n T

AL

MIL

ES

TO

NE

F1.2

By

2009

, 29

6,33

4 (S

NP

, LN

P,

KC

A c

ore

area

s w

ithou

t al

pine

mea

dow

) ha

und

er e

ffec

tive

prot

ecte

d ar

ea m

anag

emen

t

syst

em i

n S

HL

MIL

ES

TO

NE

F1.3

By

2010

, 19

2,96

6 ha

of

alpi

ne

mea

dow

s un

der

sust

aina

ble

graz

ing

regi

mes

in

SH

L (S

NP

,

LNP

, K

CA

cor

e ar

eas)

MIL

ES

TO

NE

F1.4

By

2009,

355500 h

a u

nder

eff

ect

ive

pro

tect

ed

are

as

ma

na

ge

me

nt

syst

em

in

NM

L

MIL

ES

TO

NE

F1.5

By

2009

, an

add

ition

al 5

5,00

0

ha f

ores

t ar

ea u

nder

pro

tect

ed

area

man

agem

ent

syst

em a

s

an e

xten

sion

are

a of

Bar

dia

Nat

iona

l P

ark

in T

AL

MIL

ES

TO

NE

F1.6

By

2010

, 40

,000

ha

(50%

of

the

tota

l 81

,000

ha

of B

Z f

ores

ts)

of

fore

sts

in B

uffe

r Z

ones

of

Ter

ai

Pro

tect

ed A

reas

und

er e

ffect

ive

com

mun

ity m

anag

emen

t in

TA

L

MIL

ES

TO

NE

F1.7

By

2009

, 84

,515

ha

of f

ores

ts

in B

uffe

r Z

ones

of

LNP

and

SN

P i

n S

HL

and

SP

NP

(150

15ha

) un

der

com

mun

ity

ma

na

ge

me

nt

� P

rom

otin

g

scie

ntif

ic m

anage-

men

t of

hab

itat

base

d

on e

colo

gy o

f sp

ecie

s

� E

limin

atin

g/

Red

ucin

g in

vasi

ve

and

exot

ic s

peci

es i

n

Pro

tect

ed A

reas

Stu

dy o

n H

abita

t us

e of

flags

hip

spec

ies

By

2010

, ha

bita

t ar

ea

(with

in p

rote

cted

area

s) i

n 3

prio

rity

land

scap

es o

f G

200

ecor

egio

ns a

t le

ast

equa

l to

200

6

mea

sure

d by

hab

itat

use

of f

lags

hip

spec

ies

and

evid

ence

of

expa

ndin

g di

stri

butio

n

of w

ildlif

e.

TA

RG

ET

1

1.4

mill

ion

hect

ares

of

repr

esen

tativ

e

fore

st a

nd a

lpin

e m

eado

ws

ecos

yste

ms

unde

r th

e P

rote

cted

Are

as s

yste

m i

n 3

Prio

rity

Land

-

scap

es o

f G

200

eco-

regi

ons

are

prot

ecte

d by

201

1.

61

WWF NEPAL

STRATEGIC PLAN

(2006-2011)

AC

TIO

N P

LAN

(In

terv

entio

n Lo

gic)

91,5

77

15,0

00

22,2

10

6,0

00

122,1

02

46,2

50

427,3

57

24,2

50

RE

SO

UR

CE

S (

US

D)

MIL

ES

TO

NE

SS

TR

AT

EG

IES

SO

UR

CE

OF

VE

RIF

ICA

TIO

NIN

DIC

AT

OR

S

By

2010

, P

rote

cted

Are

as

in 3

prio

rity

land

scap

es o

f G

200

ecor

egio

ns a

dopt

s

syst

emat

ic p

lann

ing

of

prot

ecte

d ar

eas

and

syst

em

for

ass

ess

ing

ma

na

ge

me

nt

eff

ect

ive

ne

ss

Managem

ent

Pla

ns,

RA

PP

AM

report

s

� D

evel

opin

g an

d

impl

emen

ting

a

met

hodo

logy

for

syst

em

atic

pla

nnin

g

of p

rote

cted

are

as

� A

ssess

ing

ma

na

ge

me

nt

eff

ect

iveness

of

PA

s

MIL

ES

TO

NE

F1.8

By

2009

, 15

015

ha o

f fo

rest

s

in B

uffe

r Z

ones

of

SP

NP

unde

r co

mm

unity

man

age-

me

nt

MIL

ES

TO

NE

F1.9

By

2010

, 50

% o

f al

pine

mea

dow

s (1

22,

260

ha)in

SP

NP

BZ

und

er s

usta

inab

le g

razi

ng

regi

me/

past

ure

man

agem

ent

MIL

ES

TO

NE

F1.1

0

By

2010

, S

urve

y on

deg

rade

d

rang

e/pa

stur

e la

nd c

ompl

eted

and

prot

ectio

n si

tes

for

fora

ge

spec

ies

deve

lopm

ent

in N

ML

and

SH

L N

epal

MIL

ES

TO

NE

F1.1

1

By

2007

Man

agem

ent

Pla

n of

LNP

pre

pare

d

MIL

ES

TO

NE

F1.1

2

By

2009

, S

uppo

rt f

or

Impl

emen

tatio

n of

Man

age-

men

t P

lan

of 4

Pro

tect

ed

area

s in

SH

L an

d N

ML

MIL

ES

TO

NE

1.1

3

By

2010

, 3

man

agem

ent

plan

s

of P

As/

BZ

in

TA

L re

vise

d

MIL

ES

TO

NE

1.1

4

By

2010

, S

uppo

rt I

mpl

emen

ta-

tion

of M

anag

emen

t P

lan

of 5

Pro

tect

ed a

reas

/Buf

fer

Zon

e

in T

erai

MIL

ES

TO

NE

F1.1

5

By

2009

Man

agem

ent

effe

ctiv

enes

s of

all

prot

ecte

d

area

s i

n 3

prio

rity

land

scap

es

of G

200

ecor

egio

ns a

sses

sed

usi

ng R

AP

PA

M

62

WWF NEPAL

STRATEGIC PLAN

(2006-2011)

AC

TIO

N P

LAN

(In

terv

entio

n Lo

gic)

70,0

00

174,0

38

91,5

77

30,5

26

610,5

10

1,8

96,7

45

1,6

60,0

00

RE

SO

UR

CE

S (

US

D)

MIL

ES

TO

NE

SS

TR

AT

EG

IES

SO

UR

CE

OF

VE

RIF

ICA

TIO

NIN

DIC

AT

OR

S

By

2010

, 25

%

Iinvo

lvem

ent

of l

ocal

com

muniti

es

incr

ease

d

in t

he p

rote

ctio

n of

prot

ecte

d ar

eas

By

2010

, 80

,000

tonn

es o

f fu

elw

ood

save

d an

nual

ly a

s th

e

resu

lt of

alte

rnat

e an

d

effic

ient

ene

rgy

use

and

priv

ate

fore

stry

Case

stu

die

s

chan

ge i

n ho

useh

old

cons

umpt

ion

of f

uelw

ood

� S

uppo

rtin

g

com

munity

managed

prot

ecte

d ar

eas

� E

nsur

ing

stake

hold

er

invo

lvem

ent

in a

nd

supp

ort

for

prot

ecte

d

are

as

� P

rom

otin

g

alte

rnat

ive

ener

gy

MIL

ES

TO

NE

F1.1

6

By

2009

, go

vern

men

t po

licy

influ

ence

d, s

uppo

rted

, an

d

impl

emen

ted

to e

mpo

wer

KC

A

Cou

ncil

to m

anag

e co

nser

va-

tion

area

of

2,03

5 sq

km

in

SH

L

Nep

al

MIL

ES

TO

NE

F1.1

7

By

2010

, in

com

e le

vel

of 1

0,00

0

hous

ehol

ds i

n B

uffe

r Z

ones

of

Ter

ai P

rote

cted

are

as i

ncre

ased

from

eco

tour

ism

MIL

ES

TO

NE

F1.1

8

By

2010

, in

com

e le

vel

of 2

,000

hous

ehol

ds i

n S

HL

incr

ease

d

from

Eco

tour

ism

MIL

ES

TO

NE

F1.1

9

By

2010

, in

com

e le

vel

of 5

00

hous

ehol

ds

in N

ML

incr

ease

d

from

Eco

touri

smt

MIL

ES

TO

NE

F1.2

0

By

2010

, A

war

enes

s an

d

know

lege

of

80%

of

peop

le i

n

foca

l ar

eas

rais

ed o

n ke

y

issu

es o

f bi

odiv

ersi

ty

cons

erva

tion

and

sust

aina

ble

deve

lopm

ent

MIL

ES

TO

NE

F2.1

By

2010

, pr

essu

res

on f

ores

t

reso

urce

s de

crea

sed

by 3

0 -

40%

as

a re

sult

of 4

0,00

0 H

H

adop

ting

alte

rnat

ive

ener

gy

sche

mes

(10

000

biog

as+3

0000

ICS

) in

TA

L N

epal

MIL

ES

TO

NE

F2.2

By

2010

, pr

essu

res

on f

ores

t

reso

urce

s de

crea

sed

by 3

0%

as a

res

ult

of 3

,000

HH

s

adop

ting

affo

rdab

le a

ltern

a-

tives

in

SH

L N

epal

TA

RG

ET

2

0.31

mill

ion

ha o

f fo

rest

s in

3 p

riorit

y

land

scap

es o

f G

200

ecor

egio

ns u

nder

effe

ctiv

e m

anag

emen

t by

201

1,

63

WWF NEPAL

STRATEGIC PLAN

(2006-2011)

AC

TIO

N P

LAN

(In

terv

entio

n Lo

gic)

632,0

00

159,6

02

200,0

00

45,6

25

122,1

02

152,6

28

305,2

55

RE

SO

UR

CE

S (

US

D)

MIL

ES

TO

NE

SS

TR

AT

EG

IES

SO

UR

CE

OF

VE

RIF

ICA

TIO

NIN

DIC

AT

OR

S

By

2011

, ef

fect

ive

managem

ent

of

340,

000

ha o

f fo

rest

unde

r va

riou

s

dece

ntra

lised

for

est

managem

ent

modes

(co

mm

un

ity,

colla

bora

tive,

Lease

hold

)

Are

a of

for

ests

und

er

com

munity

managem

ent

� S

uppo

rtin

g

prep

arat

ion

and

impl

emen

tatio

n of

dist

rict

for

est

sect

or

plan

with

int

egra

ted

land

use

plan

ning

� P

rom

otin

g

appr

opriat

e m

odes

of

managem

ent

of

fore

st r

eso

urc

es

� P

rote

ctin

g fo

rest

s

from

ille

gal

activ

ities

,

fore

st f

ires

� E

nsur

ing

sust

aina

bilit

y of

loc

al

inst

itutio

ns e

ngag

ed

in r

esou

rce

ma

na

ge

me

nt

MIL

ES

TO

NE

2.3

By

2009

, 21

71 h

ouse

hold

s

(rem

aini

ng 1

045)

in

BZ

are

a of

NM

L ad

opt

affo

rdab

le

altern

ative

s.

MIL

ES

TO

NE

F2.4

By

2010

, 50

0 he

ctar

e of

priv

ate

fore

st/a

gro

fore

st

esta

blis

hed

and

mee

t th

e da

ily

need

of

fore

st p

rodu

cts

of

2500

Hou

seho

lds

in T

AL,

SH

L

and N

ML.

MIL

ES

TO

NE

F2.5

By

2010

, 23

0,00

0 ha

of

fore

st

unde

r ef

fect

ive

man

agem

ent

as a

res

ult

of i

mpl

emen

tatio

n

of D

istr

ict

For

est

Sec

tor

Pla

n

in 3

dis

tric

ts (

Ban

ke,

Sun

sari,

and

Jhap

a) i

n T

erai

MIL

ES

TO

NE

F2.6

By

2009

, 20

0 ha

are

a of

TA

L

fore

st l

ease

d to

poo

r an

d

mar

gina

lized

hou

seho

lds

MIL

ES

TO

NE

F2.7

By

2010

, 40

,000

ha

(10%

of

prio

rity

for

est

man

agem

ent

area

396

,160

ha)

und

er

Com

munity

managem

ent

in

SH

L N

epal

MIL

ES

TO

NE

F2.8

By

2010

, 45

,000

ha

(250

CF

UG

) under

com

munity

fore

stry

man

agem

ent

in T

AL

Nepal

MIL

ES

TO

NE

F2.9

By

2009

, 24

,032

ha

of c

ritic

al

ripar

ian

fore

st u

nder

eff

ectiv

e

man

agem

ent

in S

HL

64

WWF NEPAL

STRATEGIC PLAN

(2006-2011)

AC

TIO

N P

LAN

(In

terv

entio

n Lo

gic)

305,2

55

615,0

28

12,5

00

122,1

02

749,0

53

213,6

79

RE

SO

UR

CE

S (

US

D)

MIL

ES

TO

NE

SS

TR

AT

EG

IES

SO

UR

CE

OF

VE

RIF

ICA

TIO

NIN

DIC

AT

OR

S

By

2009

, 3

criti

cal

fore

st a

reas

in

TA

L

and

SH

L m

anag

ed

scie

ntifi

cally

in

the

inte

rest

of

biod

iver

sity

unde

r sp

ecia

l po

rtfo

lio

By

2009

inc

reas

ed

inco

me

leve

l o

f

37,0

00 m

argi

nalis

ed

hous

ehol

ds i

n T

AL

and

SH

L fr

om t

he b

asel

ine

stat

us a

s a

resu

lt of

fore

st a

nd N

TF

P

base

d IG

A.

annu

al r

epor

ts,

field

vis

its

sam

ple

hous

ehol

d su

rvey

amon

g th

e m

argi

nalis

ed

gro

ups

� L

obby

ing

for

spec

ial

port

folio

of

criti

cal

fore

sts

� D

iver

sify

ing

livel

ihoo

d op

tions

thro

ugh

the

sust

aina

ble

use

of

fore

st r

eso

urc

es

MIL

ES

OT

NE

F2.1

0

By

2010

, 30

% r

educ

tion

in

illeg

al a

ctiv

ities

in

the

natio

nal

fore

sts

com

pare

d to

bas

elin

e

of 2

006

as a

res

ult

of

mob

iliza

tion

of C

omm

unity

base

d an

ti-po

achi

ng o

pera

tion

units

in

3 pr

iority

lan

dsca

pes

MIL

ES

TO

NE

F2.1

1

By

2009

, im

prov

ed c

apac

ity o

f

gove

rnm

ent

and

loca

l

inst

itutio

ns f

or c

oord

inat

ed,

effe

ctiv

e an

d ef

ficie

nt d

eliv

ery

of s

usta

inab

le r

esou

rce

man

agem

ent

and

impr

oved

livelih

oods

MIL

ES

TO

NE

F2.1

2

By

2008

, go

vern

men

t de

sign

ate

spec

ial

portfo

lio t

o co

rrid

ors,

bottl

enec

ks a

nd C

huria

For

ests

MIL

ES

TO

NE

F2.1

3

By

2010

, 2

Fun

ctio

nal

Cor

ridor

s in

Ter

ai m

anag

ed

scie

ntifi

cally

(m

osai

c ha

bita

t,

land

use

plan

ning

, zo

ning

)

MIL

ES

TO

NE

F2.1

4

By

2010

, 15

,000

poo

r an

d

mar

gina

lised

hou

seho

lds

in

TA

L, b

enef

it fr

om i

ncre

ased

inco

me

leve

l th

roug

h

sust

aina

ble

fore

st a

nd N

TF

P

base

d in

com

e ge

nera

ting

opport

uniti

es

MIL

ES

TO

NE

2.

15

By

2010

, 3,

000

Hou

seho

lds

in

SH

L be

nefit

fro

m i

ncre

ased

inco

me

leve

l th

roug

h

sust

aina

ble

fore

st a

nd N

TF

P

base

d In

com

e ge

nera

ting

opport

uniti

es

65

WWF NEPAL

STRATEGIC PLAN

(2006-2011)

AC

TIO

N P

LAN

(In

terv

entio

n Lo

gic)

61,0

51

183,1

53

68,7

50

44,0

00

63,7

50

12,5

00

27,7

50

15,0

00

RE

SO

UR

CE

S (

US

D)

MIL

ES

TO

NE

SS

TR

AT

EG

IES

SO

UR

CE

OF

VE

RIF

ICA

TIO

NIN

DIC

AT

OR

S

By

2010

, 2

cert

ified

fore

st p

rodu

ct

harv

est

ed f

rom

sust

aina

bly

man

aged

fore

st a

vaila

ble

in t

he

ma

rke

t

By

2009

, 2

fore

stry

sect

or p

olic

ies

amm

ende

d to

ens

ure

equi

tabl

e di

stribu

tion

of

benefit

s fr

om

bio

div

ers

ity c

onse

rva-

tion

By

2010

, B

asel

ine

and

data

base

for

per

iodi

c

mon

itori

ng o

f fo

rest

reso

urce

s es

tabl

ishe

d

and

feed

back

to

the

plan

ning

and

man

agem

ent

of t

hose

fore

sts

Gov

ernm

ent

endo

rsed

For

est

cert

ifica

tion

crite

ria

and

Indi

cato

r, B

iodi

vers

ity

regi

stra

tion

prof

ile

Polic

y re

com

mendatio

n

pape

r

Sat

ellit

e im

ages

, da

taba

se

� S

uppo

rtin

g fo

rest

cert

ifica

tion p

roce

ss

� P

ilotin

g co

mm

unity

base

d bi

odiv

ersi

ty

regi

stra

tion

and

mech

anis

m o

f

acce

ss t

o be

nefit

shari

ng

� R

evie

win

g, r

evis

ing

and

form

ulat

ing

polic

ies

tow

ards

sust

aina

ble

use

of

fore

st r

eso

urc

es

� C

ondu

ctin

g

period

ic m

onito

ring

of

fore

st r

eso

urc

es

MIL

ES

TO

NE

2.

16

By

2010

, 60

0 H

ouse

hold

s in

NM

L be

nefit

fro

m i

ncre

ased

inco

me

leve

l th

roug

ht

sust

aina

ble

NT

FP

har

vest

ing

MIL

ES

TO

NE

F2.1

7

By

2010

, P

rovi

de B

usin

ess

Dev

elop

men

t S

ervi

ces

for

18,6

00 H

ouse

hold

seng

aged

in

NT

FP

ent

erpr

ises

in

SH

L an

d

NM

L

MIL

ES

TO

NE

F2.1

8

By

2010

, N

atio

nal

crite

ria a

nd

indi

cato

r fo

r fo

rest

cer

tific

atio

n

esta

blis

hed

and

pilo

ted

in a

t

leas

t 2

site

s

MIL

ES

TO

NE

F2.1

9

By

2007

, co

mm

unity

bas

ed

biod

iver

sity

reg

istr

atio

n

initi

ated

in

4 P

ilot

site

s of

TA

L

and

SH

L

MIL

ES

TO

NE

F2.2

0

By

2008

, 5

fore

stry

sec

tor

polic

ies

anal

yzed

and

feed

back

pro

vide

d to

gove

rnm

ent

for

revi

sion

mak

ing

them

mor

e in

clus

ive

and

peop

le f

ocus

ed

MIL

ES

TO

NE

F2.2

1

By

2010

, as

sess

men

t of

fore

st c

over

cha

nge

upda

ted

for

TA

L N

epal

MIL

ES

TO

NE

F2.2

2

By

2007

, V

eget

atio

n an

alys

is

of 2

cor

ridor

s in

TA

L

con

du

cte

d

MIL

ES

TO

NE

F2.2

3

By

2008

, fo

rest

cla

ssifi

catio

n

and

base

line

mon

itoring

data

base

est

ablis

hed

for

SH

L-

Nepal

66

WWF NEPAL

STRATEGIC PLAN

(2006-2011)

AC

TIO

N P

LAN

(In

terv

entio

n Lo

gic)

73,0

00

20,0

00

20,0

00

763,1

38

305,2

55

3,0

53

138,7

50

RE

SO

UR

CE

S (

US

D)

MIL

ES

TO

NE

SS

TR

AT

EG

IES

SO

UR

CE

OF

VE

RIF

ICA

TIO

NIN

DIC

AT

OR

S

By

2010

, 5,

000

hous

ehol

ds r

ecei

ve

bett

er h

ealth

car

e fr

om

eff

ect

ive m

anagem

ent

of M

edic

inal

Pla

nts

By

2010

, N

atur

al

Res

ourc

es a

t 2

site

s

of S

HL

man

aged

thro

ugh

revi

ved

and

stre

ngth

ened

trad

ition

al k

now

ledg

e

and

prac

tices

By

2009

, 50

,000

hect

are

of f

ores

t un

der

rest

ora

tion m

easu

res

like

plan

tatio

n an

d

natu

ral

rege

nera

tion

By

2009

, P

ilot

site

s to

cons

erve

the

gen

etic

base

of

two

enda

nger

ed p

lant

speci

es

est

ablis

hed

TH

CC

reco

rds

annu

al r

epor

ts,

case

stu

die

s

Are

a of

deg

rade

d fo

rest

unde

r pl

anta

tion

and

natu

ral

rege

nera

tion

annu

al r

epor

ts,

field

vis

its

� D

iver

sify

ing

livel

ihoo

d op

tions

thro

ugh

the

sust

aina

ble

use

of

fore

st r

eso

urc

es

� P

rom

otin

g

inte

gra

ted l

ivest

ock

ma

na

ge

me

nt

� R

esto

ring

deg

rade

d

fore

st i

n th

e cr

itica

l

area

s th

roug

h

appr

opri

ate

inte

rventions

� P

ilotin

g in

-situ

cons

erva

tion

of

plan

ts s

peci

es i

n

criti

cal

area

MIL

ES

TO

NE

F2.2

4

By

2010

, 50

00 h

ouse

hold

s in

SH

L &

N

ML

rece

ive

bett

er

heal

th c

are

faci

litie

s fr

om

eff

ect

ive m

anagem

ent

of

Med

icin

al p

lant

s an

d

prom

otio

n of

tra

ditio

nal

heal

th

care

sys

tem

s

MIL

ES

TO

NE

2.2

5

By

2010

, tr

aditi

onal

kno

wle

dge

of l

and

man

agem

ent

prac

tices

and

biod

iver

sity

use

in

2

com

mun

ities

in

SH

L id

entif

ied,

docu

men

ted

and

prom

oted

MIL

ES

TO

NE

2.

26

By

2008

, C

ultu

ral

map

ping

(inc

ludi

ng s

acre

d si

tes,

mob

ility

and

ass

ocia

ted

biod

iver

sity

use

kno

wle

dge)

in

the

SH

L de

velo

ped

MIL

ES

TO

NE

F3.1

By

2008

, 40

,000

ha

of d

egra

ded

fore

sts

unde

r re

stor

atio

n in

criti

cal

area

of

TA

L-N

epal

MIL

ES

TO

NE

F3.2

By

2009

, 10

,000

ha

(out

of

tota

l 17

3,44

5 ha

of

prio

rity

rest

orat

ion

fore

st a

reas

) in

criti

cal

area

s un

der

rest

orat

ion

in S

HL

MIL

ES

TO

NE

F3.3

By

2010

, 10

0 H

a (o

ut o

f 4,

359

ha)

unde

r re

stor

atio

n in

NM

L

MIL

ES

TO

NE

F

3.4

By

2009

, 4

pilo

t si

tes

for

in

situ

con

serv

atio

n of

pla

nt

spec

ies

that

are

fac

ing

thre

ats

of e

xtin

ctio

n fr

om i

ts

ecol

ogic

al r

ange

est

ablis

hed

TA

RG

ET

3

50,0

00 h

a of

deg

rade

d fo

rest

s in

the

criti

cal

area

s of

3 p

rior

ity l

ands

cape

s

of G

200

ecor

egio

ns

unde

r re

stor

atio

n

by 2

011

67

WWF NEPAL

STRATEGIC PLAN

(2006-2011)

AC

TIO

N P

LAN

(In

terv

entio

n Lo

gic)

15,0

00

45,0

00

RE

SO

UR

CE

S (

US

D)

MIL

ES

TO

NE

SS

TR

AT

EG

IES

SO

UR

CE

OF

VE

RIF

ICA

TIO

NIN

DIC

AT

OR

S

MIL

ES

TO

NE

F

3.5

By

2009

, at

lea

st o

ne I

PA

(Im

portan

t pl

ant

area

) de

sign

ated

in t

he S

HL

for

cons

ervi

ng p

lant

dive

rsity

MIL

ES

TO

NE

3.6

By

2010

, F

lora

l ho

tspo

ts i

n

criti

cal

area

s in

the

SH

L un

der

conse

rvation

AC

TIO

N P

LAN

(In

terv

entio

n Lo

gic)

MIL

ES

TO

NE

SIN

DIC

AT

OR

SS

OU

RC

E O

F V

ER

IFIC

AT

ION

ST

RA

TE

GIE

SR

ES

OU

RC

ES

(U

SD

)

OB

JEC

TIV

E 2

: B

y 20

11 t

o st

abili

se a

nd m

anag

e po

pula

tions

of

foca

l sp

ecie

s as

met

apop

ulat

ions

in

the

EH

EC

Com

plex

, w

ith t

he g

oal

of m

anag

ing

ecol

ogic

ally

and

dem

ogra

phic

ally

via

ble

met

apop

ulat

ions

6,6

23,0

55

312,5

00

15,0

00

250,0

00

312,5

00

MIL

ES

TO

NE

S1.1

Fro

m 2

007,

pop

ulat

ion

of

bree

ding

tig

ers

esta

blis

hed

and

mai

ntai

ned

at 1

23+

in

TA

L

MIL

ES

TO

NE

S1.2

By

2009

, H

ome

rang

e of

tiger

s in

are

as o

f hi

gh d

ensi

ty

dete

rmin

ed t

hrou

gh r

adio

tele

me

try

MIL

ES

TO

NE

S1.3

Fro

m 2

010,

the

rhi

no

popu

latio

n in

Bar

dia

Nat

iona

l

Par

k m

aint

aine

d at

100

+

rhin

os

MIL

ES

TO

NE

S1.4

Fro

m 2

010,

pop

ulat

ion

of

rhin

os e

stab

lishe

d an

d

mai

ntai

ned

at 2

0+ i

n

Suk

laph

anta

Wild

life

Res

erve

� S

tren

gthe

ning

Ant

i-

poac

hing

Ope

ratio

ns

� M

anag

ing

Key

Sp

eci

es

� S

tren

gthe

ning

Ant

i-

poac

hing

Ope

ratio

ns

� M

anag

ing

Key

Sp

eci

es

Par

k re

cord

s, r

esea

rch

repo

rts,

ann

ual

repo

rt

Par

k re

cord

s, r

esea

rch

repo

rts,

ann

ual

repo

rt

Fro

m 2

007,

Tig

er

popu

latio

n (1

23

bree

ding

) sh

own

to

stab

ilise

d an

d

mai

ntai

ned

or

incr

ease

d fr

om

2000

(DN

PW

C)

base

line

By

2009

, S

econ

d

viab

le p

opul

atio

n of

rhin

o (>

100)

esta

blis

hed

at B

NP

and

third

pop

ulat

ion

of

rhin

o es

tabl

ishe

d (3

0+)

in S

WR

whi

le

mai

ntai

ning

the

sou

rce

popu

latio

n of

rhi

nos

at

CN

P

TA

RG

ET

4

To

stab

ilize

or

incr

ease

the

pop

ulat

ion

(com

pare

d to

bas

elin

e of

200

6) o

f

prio

rity

spe

cies

and

spe

cies

of

spec

ial

conc

ern

in t

he t

hree

prio

rity

land

scap

es o

f G

200

eco

regi

ons

in

Nep

al b

y 20

11

68

WWF NEPAL

STRATEGIC PLAN

(2006-2011)

AC

TIO

N P

LAN

(In

terv

entio

n Lo

gic)

312,5

00

18,7

50

18,7

50

20,0

00

91,5

77

65,0

00

16,0

00

5,0

00

29,3

75

30,5

26

RE

SO

UR

CE

S (

US

D)

MIL

ES

TO

NE

SS

TR

AT

EG

IES

SO

UR

CE

OF

VE

RIF

ICA

TIO

NIN

DIC

AT

OR

S

By

2010

80%

red

uctio

n

in t

he r

epor

ts o

f

poac

hing

inc

iden

ts o

f

rhin

o in

TA

L fr

om t

he

2006

bas

elin

e as

mea

sure

d ag

ains

t

eff

ort

By

2010

, kn

owle

dge

base

on

elep

hant

s,

thei

r be

havi

or a

nd

habi

tat

esta

blis

hed

and

feed

back

to

the

plan

ning

and

des

igni

ng

of t

he i

nter

vent

ions

By

2010

, es

timat

e of

SL

popu

latio

n in

SH

L

Nep

al e

stab

lishe

d

By

2010

, po

achi

ng o

f

snow

leo

pard

red

uced

by 3

0% o

f 20

07 l

evel

s

thro

ugh

impr

oved

com

munity

monito

ring

and

enfo

rcem

ent

of

natio

nal

law

s

Par

k re

cord

s, r

esea

rch

repo

rts,

ann

ual

repo

rt

Par

k re

cord

s, r

esea

rch

repo

rts,

ann

ual

repo

rt

rese

arch

rep

orts

Par

k re

cord

s, r

esea

rch

repo

rts,

ann

ual

repo

rt

� S

tren

gthe

ning

Ant

i-

poac

hing

Ope

ratio

ns

� M

anag

ing

Key

Sp

eci

es

� S

tren

gthe

ning

Ant

i-

poac

hing

Ope

ratio

ns

� M

anag

ing

Key

Sp

eci

es

� C

ondu

ctin

g lo

ng

term

sci

entif

ic

rese

arch

on

key

spec

ies

and

spec

ies

of s

peci

al c

once

rn

� S

tren

gthe

ning

Ant

i-

poac

hing

Ope

ratio

ns

� M

anag

ing

Key

Sp

eci

es

MIL

ES

TO

NE

S1.5

By

2010

, th

e rh

ino

popu

latio

n

in C

hitw

an N

atio

nal

Par

k

stab

lizes

at

its l

evel

of

2006

(400

+)

MIL

ES

TO

NE

S1.6

By

2007

, S

tatu

s su

rvey

of

elep

hant

pop

ulat

ion

com

plet

ed

in T

erai

MIL

ES

TO

NE

S1.7

By

2010

, R

angi

ng p

atte

rn o

f 4

subp

opul

atio

n of

ele

phan

ts

dete

rmin

ed t

hrou

gh r

adio

colla

ring

MIL

ES

TO

NE

S1.8

By

2007

SL

surv

ey c

ompl

eted

in K

CA

, S

NP

and

LN

P

MIL

ES

TO

NE

S1.9

By

2008

, co

mm

unity

-bas

ed

mon

itoring

pro

gram

for

SL

esta

blis

hed

in S

HL-

Nep

al

MIL

ES

TO

NE

S1.1

0

By

2008

, 3-

4 S

L ra

dio-

colla

red

in S

NP

MIL

ES

TO

NE

S1.1

1

By

2007

, S

L ha

bita

t m

appe

d

in S

HL

usin

g fie

ld d

ata

and

GIS

MIL

ES

TO

NE

S1.1

2

By

2008

, da

taba

se o

n pr

ey

base

of

SL

esta

blis

hed/

revi

site

d in

NM

MIL

ES

TO

NE

S1.1

3

By

2007

, ba

selin

e fo

r

poac

hing

est

ablis

hed

MIL

ES

TO

NE

S1.1

4

By

2008

, co

mm

unity

-bas

ed

antip

oach

ing

mec

hani

sms

in

pla

ce

69

WWF NEPAL

STRATEGIC PLAN

(2006-2011)

AC

TIO

N P

LAN

(In

terv

entio

n Lo

gic)

61,0

51

15,0

00

122,1

02

20,0

00

187,5

00

15,0

00

15,0

00

128,2

07

RE

SO

UR

CE

S (

US

D)

MIL

ES

TO

NE

SS

TR

AT

EG

IES

SO

UR

CE

OF

VE

RIF

ICA

TIO

NIN

DIC

AT

OR

S

By

2010

, es

timat

e of

Red

Pan

da p

opul

atio

n

in S

HL

Nep

al

est

ablis

hed

By

2010

, po

pula

tion

of

spec

ies

of s

peci

al

conc

ern

mai

ntai

ned

thro

ugh

in-s

itu a

nd e

x-

situ

conse

rvatio

n

By

2010

, es

timat

e of

Mus

k D

eer

popu

latio

n

in S

HL

Nep

al

est

ablis

hed

rese

arch

rep

orts

Ann

ual

repo

rt,

rese

arch

report

rese

arch

rep

orts

� C

ondu

ctin

g lo

ng

term

sci

entif

ic

rese

arch

on

key

spec

ies

and

spec

ies

of s

peci

al c

once

rn

� S

uppo

rtin

g

pro

tect

ion/

reest

ablis

hm

ent

popu

latio

n of

key

spec

ies

and

spec

ies

of s

peci

al c

once

rn

� C

ondu

ctin

g lo

ng

term

sci

entif

ic

rese

arch

on

key

spec

ies

and

spec

ies

of s

peci

al c

once

rn

MIL

ES

TO

NE

S1.1

5

By

2007

, pr

escr

iptio

ns f

or S

now

Leop

ard

Man

agem

ent

inte

rven

tions

for

key

are

as

outs

ide

PA

s de

velo

ped

and

inco

rpor

ated

in

the

Dis

tric

t

Dev

elop

men

t P

erio

dic

Pla

ns

MIL

ES

TO

NE

S1.1

6

By

2009

, R

ed P

anda

Sur

vey

in K

CA

, S

NP

and

LN

P

MIL

ES

TO

NE

S1.1

7

By

2010

, C

omm

unity

bas

ed

anti

poac

hing

mec

hani

sms

in

pla

ce

MIL

ES

TO

NE

S1.1

8

By

2009

, S

tatu

s su

rvey

of

small

mam

mals

/sm

all

carn

ivor

es i

n cr

itica

l ar

eas

com

ple

ted

MIL

ES

TO

NE

S1.1

9

By

2009

, po

pula

tion

of

spec

ies

of s

peci

al c

once

rn

(Bis

on,

Wat

er b

uffa

llo,

blac

kbuc

k, g

hari

al,

swam

p

deer

) st

abili

zed

and

main

tain

ed

MIL

ES

TO

NE

S1.2

0

By

2008

, st

udy

on i

nter

actio

ns

betw

een

dom

estic

sto

cks

and

wild

ung

ulat

es c

ompl

eted

in

SH

L an

d N

ML

MIL

ES

TO

NE

S1.2

1

By

2008

, M

usk

Dee

r su

rvey

in

KC

A,

SN

P a

nd L

NP

com

ple

ted

MIL

ES

TO

NE

S1.2

2

By

2009

, C

omm

unity

bas

ed

anti

poac

hing

mec

hani

sms

in

pla

ce

70

WWF NEPAL

STRATEGIC PLAN

(2006-2011)

AC

TIO

N P

LAN

(In

terv

entio

n Lo

gic)

125,0

00

31,2

50

15,0

00

312,5

00

312,5

00

152,6

28

91,5

77

32,5

00

RE

SO

UR

CE

S (

US

D)

MIL

ES

TO

NE

SS

TR

AT

EG

IES

SO

UR

CE

OF

VE

RIF

ICA

TIO

NIN

DIC

AT

OR

S

By

2010

, M

echa

nism

to m

anag

e pr

oble

m

anim

als

in t

he 4

PA

s

est

ablis

hed

By

2010

, G

enet

ic

stru

ctur

e of

2 k

ey

spec

ies

and

1 sp

ecie

s

of s

peci

al c

once

rn

dete

rmin

ed

By

2010

, ha

bita

t ar

ea

with

in p

rote

cted

are

as

(TA

L+S

HL)

at

leas

t

equa

l to

200

6

mea

sure

d by

hab

itat

use

of f

lags

hip

spec

ies

and

evid

ence

of

expa

ndin

g di

stri

butio

n

of w

ildlif

e

By

2010

, G

IS

data

base

on

the

key

spec

ies

and

thei

r

habi

tat

esta

blis

hed

and

feed

back

to

the

plan

ning

and

des

igni

ng

of t

he

inte

rventions

Ann

ual

repo

rt

rese

arch

rep

orts

Par

k re

cord

s, r

esea

rch

repo

rts,

ann

ual

repo

rt

rese

arch

rep

orts

, D

atab

ase

� M

anag

ing

Pro

blem

and

Orp

han

Ani

mal

s

� C

ondu

ctin

g lo

ng

term

sci

entif

ic

rese

arch

on

key

spec

ies

and

spec

ies

of s

peci

al c

once

rn

� P

rom

otin

g

scie

ntif

ic m

anage-

men

t of

hab

itat

base

d

on e

colo

gy o

f sp

ecie

s

� C

ondu

ctin

g lo

ng

term

sci

entif

ic

rese

arch

on

key

spec

ies

and

spec

ies

of s

peci

al c

once

rn

MIL

ES

TO

NE

S1.2

3

By

2008

, R

ehab

ilita

tion/

rein

trod

uctio

n st

rate

gy f

or

prob

lem

ani

mal

s pr

epar

ed a

nd

impl

emen

ted

in T

AL

MIL

ES

TO

NE

S1.2

4

By

2010

, G

enet

ic v

aria

bilit

y

amon

g th

e po

pula

tion

of 2

flags

hip

spec

ies

dete

rmin

ed

MIL

ES

TO

NE

S1.2

5

By

2010

, G

enet

ic v

aria

bilit

y

amon

g th

e po

pula

tion

of 1

spec

ies

of s

peci

al c

once

rn

dete

rmin

ed

MIL

ES

TO

NE

S

2.1

By

2010

, 50

0 ha

of

gra

ssla

nd

habi

tat

insi

de p

rote

cted

are

as

man

aged

ann

ually

for

Ung

ulat

es a

nd b

irds

MIL

ES

TO

NE

S2.2

By

2009

, 15

wat

erho

les/

wet

land

s in

side

pro

tect

ed a

reas

man

aged

ann

ually

MIL

ES

TO

NE

S2.3

By

2010

, 52

9,73

9

(306

,573

SH

L+22

3,16

6 N

ML

)

hect

are

of s

now

leo

pard

habt

iat

unde

r ef

fect

ive

man

agem

ent

in S

HL

and

NM

L

MIL

ES

TO

NE

S2.4

By

2010

, 49

,092

hec

tare

of

Red

pan

da h

abita

t un

der

effe

ctiv

e m

anag

emen

t in

NM

L

MIL

ES

TO

NE

S2.5

By

2008

, G

IS d

atab

ase

on

key

spec

ies

dist

ribu

tion,

popu

latio

n, a

nd h

abita

t

esta

blis

hed

in N

epal

-TA

L

RE

FE

R M

ILE

ST

ON

E S

1.6

-

1.1

2

TA

RG

ET

5

To

Pro

tect

, M

anag

e or

Res

tore

the

criti

cal

habi

tat

of p

rior

ity s

peci

es a

nd

spec

ies

of s

peci

al c

once

rn i

n th

e

thre

e pr

iorit

y la

ndsc

apes

of

G 2

00

ecor

egio

ns i

n N

epal

by

2011

(als

o re

fer

Tar

get

1&2)

71

WWF NEPAL

STRATEGIC PLAN

(2006-2011)

AC

TIO

N P

LAN

(In

terv

entio

n Lo

gic)

187,5

00

76,0

51

148,2

05

375,0

00

91,5

77

20,0

00

140,0

00

RE

SO

UR

CE

S (

US

D)

MIL

ES

TO

NE

SS

TR

AT

EG

IES

SO

UR

CE

OF

VE

RIF

ICA

TIO

NIN

DIC

AT

OR

S

By

2009

, 80

%

redu

ctio

n in

the

spr

ead

of i

nvas

ive

and

exot

ic

spec

ies

in P

rote

cted

Are

as o

f T

erai

By

2008

, 50

%

redu

ctio

n in

the

hum

an

wild

life

conf

lict

in

area

s ar

ound

PA

s

By

2010

, re

talia

tory

killi

ng o

f sn

ow l

eopa

rd

redu

ced

by 5

0% o

f

2007

lev

els

in t

he S

HL

Par

k re

cord

s, r

esea

rch

repo

rts,

ann

ual

repo

rt

Str

ateg

y do

cum

ent,

ann

ual

repo

rts,

Cas

e st

udie

s, B

Z/

CF

CC

reco

rds,

park

s

reco

rds

(com

pla

ints

repo

rted

)

Par

k re

cord

s, r

esea

rch

repo

rts,

ann

ual

repo

rt

� E

limin

atin

g/

Red

ucin

g in

vasi

ve

and

exot

ic s

peci

es

� D

evel

opin

g an

d

impl

emen

ting

a

com

pre

hensi

ve

hum

an w

ildlif

e

conf

lict

miti

gatio

n

stra

teg

y

� P

ilotin

g co

mm

unity

base

d c

om

pensa

tion

sche

mes

to

addr

ess

hum

an w

ildlif

e

con

flic

t

� A

dopt

ing

Hum

an

Wild

life

Con

flict

miti

gatio

n st

rate

gies

that

ben

efits

livel

ihoo

ds o

f th

e

loca

ls

� D

evel

opin

g an

d

impl

emen

ting

a

com

pre

hensi

ve

hum

an w

ildlif

e

conf

lict

miti

gatio

n

stra

teg

y

MIL

ES

TO

NE

S

2.6

By

2009

, in

vasi

ve a

nd e

xotic

spec

ies

(Mik

enia

, w

ater

hyac

inth

) sp

read

red

uced

thro

ugh

inte

grat

ed a

ppro

ach

in

PA

s an

d C

ritic

al a

reas

MIL

ES

TO

NE

S3.1

By

2007

, hu

man

-tig

er a

nd

Hum

an -

ele

phan

t an

d H

uman

- S

now

leo

pard

con

flict

miti

gatio

n st

rate

gies

deve

lope

d an

d im

plem

ente

d

MIL

ES

TO

NE

S3.2

By

2007

Com

mun

ity b

ased

Hum

an W

ildlif

e C

onfli

ct

mitig

ation/c

om

pensa

tion

mec

hani

sms

esta

blis

hed

in 3

site

s in

TA

L S

HL

and

NM

MIL

ES

TO

NE

S3.3

By

2009

, 50

% o

f ho

useh

old

vuln

erab

ility

dec

reas

ed i

n al

l

com

muniti

es

thro

ugh

min

imiz

ed h

uman

-wild

life

conf

lict

in t

he T

AL-

Nep

al

MIL

ES

TO

NE

S3.4

By

2009

, 50

% o

f ho

useh

old

vuln

erab

ility

dec

reas

ed i

n al

l

com

muniti

es

thro

ugh

min

imiz

ed h

uman

-wild

life

conf

lict

in S

HL

Nep

al

MIL

ES

TO

NE

S3.5

By

2007

, ba

selin

e fo

r

reta

liato

ry k

illin

g es

tabl

ishe

d

MIL

ES

TO

NE

S3.6

By

2009

, co

nflic

t m

itiga

tion

inte

rven

tions

in

plac

e

TA

RG

ET

6

To

redu

ce h

uman

wild

life

conf

lict

and/

or e

stab

lish

livel

ihoo

d ba

sed

cons

erva

tion

initi

ativ

es i

n th

ree

prio

rity

land

scap

es o

f G

200

ecor

egio

ns i

n N

epal

to

redu

ce t

hrea

ts

to p

rior

ity s

peci

es a

nd s

peci

es o

f

spec

ial

conc

ern

by 2

011

72

WWF NEPAL

STRATEGIC PLAN

(2006-2011)

AC

TIO

N P

LAN

(In

terv

entio

n Lo

gic)

181,4

10

265,3

46

902,6

28

291,8

66

123,8

41

105,5

26

68,2

50

71,5

65

RE

SO

UR

CE

S (

US

D)

MIL

ES

TO

NE

SS

TR

AT

EG

IES

SO

UR

CE

OF

VE

RIF

ICA

TIO

NIN

DIC

AT

OR

S

By

2010

, 50

,000

hous

ehol

ds a

re

bene

fited

fro

m

livel

ihoo

d ba

sed

conse

rvatio

n i

niti

ativ

es

By

2009

, 80

%

redu

ctio

n in

ille

gal

trad

e of

wild

life,

wild

life

part

s an

d th

eir

deri

vative

s

annu

al r

epor

ts

DN

PW

C r

eco

rds,

rese

arc

h

repo

rts,

end

orse

d C

ITE

S

bill

� P

ilotin

g liv

elih

ood

base

d co

nser

vatio

n

initia

tive

s

� C

ontr

ollin

g ill

egal

trad

e of

wild

life,

wild

life

part

s an

d th

eir

deri

vative

s

� S

uppo

rtin

g C

ITE

S

imple

menta

tion

MIL

ES

TO

NE

S3.7

By

2009

, C

omm

unity

bas

ed

Wild

life

farm

ing

pilo

ted

at

leas

t in

3 C

FU

G o

f T

AL

and

1

Pilo

t si

te i

n S

HL

MIL

ES

TO

NE

S3.8

By

2009

, C

omm

unity

bas

ed

ecot

ourism

pilo

ted

at 2

site

s

outs

ide

prot

ecte

d ar

eas

MIL

ES

TO

NE

S3.9

By

2010

, 60

% h

ouse

hold

s of

the

buff

er z

ones

and

critic

al

area

s be

nefit

ed f

rom

enhance

d c

om

munity

serv

ices

in T

AL

and

SH

L

MIL

ES

TO

NE

S4.1

By

2007

, a

wat

ch g

roup

to

mon

itor

wild

life

trad

e

est

ablis

hed

MIL

ES

TO

NE

S4.2

By

2007

a c

ampa

ign

to

sens

itize

and

aw

are

spec

ific

targ

et g

roup

s (j

udic

iary

,

polic

e,

cust

om

s, p

ost

s,

tran

spor

ts)

on w

ildlif

e tr

ade

deve

lope

d an

d im

plem

ente

d

MIL

ES

TO

NE

S

4.3

By

2007

a c

ampa

ign

agai

nst

use

of w

ildlif

e pa

rts

and

deriva

tives

for

end

use

rs w

ith

support

fro

m W

WF

Netw

ork

deve

lope

d an

d im

plem

ente

d

MIL

ES

TO

NE

S4.4

By

2008

CIT

ES

bill

ena

cted

as

law

by

Gov

ernm

ent

of N

epal

and

DN

PW

C s

uppo

rted

for

its

effe

ctiv

e im

plem

enta

tion

MIL

ES

TO

NE

S4.5

By

2010

, im

prov

ed c

apac

ity o

f

enfo

rcem

ent

staf

f an

d th

e

judi

ciar

y in

pol

icy

leve

l

impl

emen

tatio

n on

wild

life

trad

e lik

e C

ITE

S,

NP

WC

Act

TA

RG

ET

7

To

enha

nce

law

enf

orce

men

t an

d

othe

r m

easu

res

to e

ncou

rage

com

plia

nce

with

law

s an

d re

gula

tions

that

are

aim

ed a

t el

imin

atin

g

over

expl

oita

tion

of p

rior

ity s

peci

es

and

spec

ies

of s

peci

al c

once

rn b

y

2011

73

WWF NEPAL

STRATEGIC PLAN

(2006-2011)

AC

TIO

N P

LAN

(In

terv

entio

n Lo

gic)

156,2

50

112,5

00

15,0

00

156,2

50

RE

SO

UR

CE

S (

US

D)

MIL

ES

TO

NE

SS

TR

AT

EG

IES

SO

UR

CE

OF

VE

RIF

ICA

TIO

NIN

DIC

AT

OR

S

MIL

ES

TO

NE

S4.6

By

2007

, co

nser

vatio

n ac

tion

plan

for

tig

ers

upda

ted

and

impl

emen

ted

in T

AL-

Nep

al

MIL

ES

TO

NE

S

4.7

By

2006

, co

nser

vatio

n ac

tion

plan

for

ele

phan

ts i

n T

AL-

Nep

al p

repa

red

and

imple

mente

d

MIL

ES

TO

NE

S

4.8

By

2009

, a

red

pand

a

cons

erva

tion

actio

n pl

an

deve

lope

d in

SH

L

MIL

ES

TO

NE

S4.9

By

2009

, T

rans

boun

dary

coop

erat

ion

betw

een

the

gove

rnm

ents

of

Nep

al

Indi

a

and

Chi

na e

nhan

ced

for

bio

div

ers

ity c

onse

rvatio

n

� R

evis

ing/

Deve

lopin

g

appr

opri

ate

Pol

icy

fra

me

wo

rks

� P

rom

otin

g T

rans

-

boun

dary

coo

rdin

atio

n

and

coop

erat

ion

Spe

cies

Act

ion

Pla

ns

Num

ber

of t

rans

boun

dary

mee

tings

and

eve

nts

at

field

, di

strict

and

nat

iona

l

leve

ls

By

2009

, ac

tion

plan

for

at l

east

3 k

ey

spec

ies

and

spec

ies

of

spec

ial

conc

ern

prep

ared

and

imple

mente

d

By

2010

, Jo

int

initi

ativ

es i

n th

e

boar

der

regi

on t

o

safe

guar

d bi

odiv

eris

ty

initi

ate

d

74

WWF NEPAL

STRATEGIC PLAN

(2006-2011)

AC

TIO

N P

LAN

(In

terv

entio

n Lo

gic)

MIL

ES

TO

NE

SIN

DIC

AT

OR

SS

OU

RC

E O

F V

ER

IFIC

AT

ION

ST

RA

TE

GIE

SR

ES

OU

RC

ES

(U

SD

)

OB

JEC

TIV

E 3

: B

y 20

11,

to r

educ

e th

e vu

lner

abili

ties

of b

iodi

vers

ity,

ecos

yste

ms

and

peop

le t

o cl

imat

e ch

ange

im

pact

s in

N

epal

and

to

impl

em

ent

adap

tatio

n st

rate

gies

5,7

21,0

00

455,0

00

120,0

00

100,0

00

50,0

00

50,0

00

15,0

00

MIL

ES

TO

NE

C1.1

By

2008

, P

erm

anen

t re

sear

ch

plot

s to

stu

dy c

limat

e ch

ange

impa

cts

on b

iodi

vers

ity

esta

blis

hed

in 3

eco

logi

cal

zon

es

MIL

ES

TO

NE

C1.2

By

2008

, T

ippi

ng p

oint

(tim

e

for

decl

ined

wat

er s

ourc

e) f

or

Gan

ga R

iver

Bas

in p

redi

cted

in c

olla

bora

tion

with

WW

F

India

MIL

ES

TO

NE

C1.3

By

2009

, V

alua

tion

of C

limat

e

chan

ge i

mpa

cts

on N

epal

i

econ

omy

(Agr

icul

ture

,

Tou

rism

, H

uman

Hea

lth)

con

du

cte

d

MIL

ES

TO

NE

C1.4

By

2010

, ce

ntra

lized

dat

a/

info

rmat

ion

base

d sy

stem

on

Clim

ate

Cha

nge

impa

cts

esta

blis

hed

at W

WF

Nep

al

MIL

ES

TO

NE

C1.5

By

2007

, a

natio

nal

Clim

ate

Cha

nge

polic

y fo

rmul

ated

with

supp

ort

of W

WF

Nep

al a

nd

endo

rsed

by

Gov

ernm

ent

of

Nepal

MIL

ES

TO

NE

C1.6

By

2007

, C

limat

e C

hang

e

iden

tifie

d as

an

impo

rtan

t

issu

es i

n th

e 11

th P

lan

of t

he

go

vern

me

nt

� C

ondu

ctin

g an

d

cons

olid

atin

g cl

imat

e

chan

ge i

mpa

ct

rese

arch

and

dat

a

� U

sing

res

earc

h

findi

ngs

for

effe

ctiv

e

natio

nal

and

inte

rnat

iona

l

negotia

tions

� E

stab

lishi

ng a

nd

stre

ngth

enin

g m

ulti-

stak

ehol

der

foru

m t

o

advo

cate

for

pol

icy

reco

mm

enda

tion

and

shar

ing

data

/

info

rmatio

n

Dat

a ba

se,

repo

rts

and

oth

er

docu

ments

deve

loped.

Nat

iona

l C

limat

e C

hang

e

Polic

y D

ocu

ment.

Min

utes

of

the

For

um

Me

eti

ng

s

By

2011

com

pren

sive

data

/info

rmat

ion

base

on c

limat

e ch

ange

impa

ct o

n bi

odiv

ersi

ty,

ecos

yste

m a

nd p

eopl

e

esta

blis

hed

for

Nep

al.

By

2007

Nat

iona

l le

vel

clim

ate

chan

ge p

olic

y

form

ulat

ed b

ased

on

exis

ting

data

and

ongo

ing

rese

ach

&

consu

ltanta

tion

By

2010

, S

tren

gthe

n-

ing

mul

tista

keho

lder

foru

m (

CC

NN

and

Cor

e G

roup

for

Clim

ate

Cha

nge)

to

shar

e l

esso

n le

arnt

,

and

advo

cate

for

polic

y re

com

menda-

tio

ns

TA

RG

ET

8

To

have

a c

lear

und

erst

andi

ng o

f

clim

ate

chan

ge i

mpa

cts

on

biod

iver

sity

(ke

y flo

ra a

nd f

auna

),

ecos

yste

m (

fore

st,

wat

er t

ower

s) a

nd

peop

le (

livel

ihoo

d, t

ouri

sm,

disa

ster

,

food

sec

urity

(ag

ricu

lture

) of

Nep

al

by 2

011

75

WWF NEPAL

STRATEGIC PLAN

(2006-2011)

AC

TIO

N P

LAN

(In

terv

entio

n Lo

gic)

35,0

00

50,0

00

50,0

00

75,0

00

50,0

00

80,0

00

RE

SO

UR

CE

S (

US

D)

MIL

ES

TO

NE

SS

TR

AT

EG

IES

SO

UR

CE

OF

VE

RIF

ICA

TIO

NIN

DIC

AT

OR

S

By

2010

, 5

site

lev

el

adap

tatio

n pl

ans

deve

lope

d in

lin

e w

ith

the

natio

nal

leve

l

adap

tatio

n pl

an f

or

Nepal

By

2010

, 10

00

hous

ehol

ds'

livel

ihoo

ds

mad

e se

cure

fro

m

clim

ate

chan

ge

imp

act

.

Ada

ptat

ion

Pla

ns

House

hold

surv

eys

,

Att

itudi

nal

Sur

veys

Clim

ate

Witness

� S

uppo

rtin

g

form

ulat

ion

of

Nat

iona

l Le

vel

Ada

ptat

ion

Str

ateg

y

� I

dent

ifyin

g C

limat

e

Cha

nge

vuln

erab

le

site

s

� I

mpl

emen

ting

resi

lienc

e bu

ildin

g

activ

ities

in

vuln

erab

le s

ites

MIL

ES

TO

NE

C1.7

By

2009

at

leas

t tw

o po

licy

reco

mm

enda

tions

are

mad

e

by t

he m

ultis

take

hold

ers

foru

m i

n th

e P

olic

y F

orm

ula-

tion

proc

ess

of o

ther

rel

even

t

sect

ors

(For

est,

A

gric

ultu

re,

Dis

ast

er,

Wate

r)

MIL

ES

TO

NE

C

1.8

By

2009

at

leas

t tw

o re

sear

ch

proj

ects

on

clim

ate

chan

ge

are

unde

r jo

int

impl

emen

tatio

n

by i

nstit

utio

ns p

artic

ipat

ing

in

the

mul

tista

keho

lder

for

um.

MIL

ES

TO

NE

C2.1

By

2008

, N

atio

nal

leve

l

adap

atio

n pl

an p

repa

red

by

MO

ES

T w

ith s

uppo

rt o

f W

WF

Nepal

MIL

ES

TO

NE

C2.2

By

2007

, 5

site

s vu

lner

able

to

impa

cts

of c

limat

e ch

ange

iden

tifie

d

MIL

ES

TO

NE

C2.3

By

2008

, S

ite l

evel

adap

atat

ion

plan

inc

orpo

ratin

g

the

resc

ue p

lan

for

iden

tifie

d 5

vuln

erab

le s

ite i

n lin

e w

ith

natio

nal

adap

tatio

n pl

an

prep

ared

MIL

ES

TO

NE

C

2.4

By

2010

, A

t le

ast

one

gold

stan

dard

CD

M p

roje

ct

form

aliz

ed a

nd r

even

ue f

rom

carb

on t

radi

ng i

nves

ted

in

redu

cing

the

loc

al p

eopl

e's

vuln

erab

ilitie

s fr

om c

limat

e

change

TA

RG

ET

9

To

redu

ce d

irec

t C

limat

e C

hang

e

impa

ct a

nd v

ulne

rabi

litie

s of

1,0

00

hous

ehol

ds b

y 20

11

76

WWF NEPAL

STRATEGIC PLAN

(2006-2011)

AC

TIO

N P

LAN

(In

terv

entio

n Lo

gic)

425,0

00

2,5

10,0

00

1,0

00,0

00

100,0

00

60,0

00

90,0

00

RE

SO

UR

CE

S (

US

D)

MIL

ES

TO

NE

SS

TR

AT

EG

IES

SO

UR

CE

OF

VE

RIF

ICA

TIO

NIN

DIC

AT

OR

S

By

2010

, N

epal

tak

es

a le

ad a

mon

g th

e

Leas

t de

velo

ped

coun

trie

s (L

DC

s) t

o

from

an

Alli

ance

of

Vul

nera

ble

Cou

ntri

es

Alli

ance

of

Vul

nera

ble

countr

ies

� E

stab

lishi

ng

coor

dina

tion

plat

form

betw

een

vuln

erab

le

countr

ies

MIL

ES

TO

NE

C

2.5

By

2009

, 5

Ear

ly w

arni

ng

syst

em b

ased

on

inte

rmed

iate

tech

nolo

gy e

stab

lishe

d in

vuln

erab

le s

ites

MIL

ES

TO

NE

C2.6

By

2010

, R

educ

ing

wat

er

leve

ls i

n 1

of t

he p

oten

tial

dang

erou

s G

laci

er L

ake

MIL

ES

TO

NE

C2.7

By

2010

, N

o re

gret

adapta

tion a

ctiv

itie

s (W

ell

equip

ped c

om

munity

build

ing

that

can s

erv

e a

s re

scue

shelte

r at

time o

f haza

rds)

esta

blis

hed

at 5

Vul

nera

ble

site

s

MIL

ES

TO

NE

C2.8

By

2010

Clim

ate

Cha

nge

impa

ct v

ulne

rabi

litie

s of

1,0

00

hous

ehol

ds r

educ

ed t

hrou

gh

resi

lienc

e bu

ildin

g ac

tiviti

es

MIL

ES

TO

NE

C3.1

By

2008

, a

regi

onal

pla

tfor

m

of a

t le

ast

4 vu

lner

able

coun

trie

s (T

uval

u, F

iji,

Indo

nesi

a an

d N

epal

)

esta

blis

hed

and

a co

mm

on

agen

da (

posi

tion

pape

r)

deve

lope

d fo

r in

tern

atio

nal

negotia

tion a

t U

NF

CC

C

MIL

ES

TO

NE

C3.2

By

2010

, C

oalit

ion

of

Mou

ntai

n co

untr

ies

form

ed t

o

high

light

vul

nera

bilit

ies

of

Mounta

in E

cosy

stem

at

inte

rnat

iona

l ne

gotia

tion

foru

ms

TA

RG

ET

10

To

iden

tify

Nep

al a

s on

e of

the

mos

t

vuln

erab

le c

ount

ries

to

clim

ate

chan

ge i

mpa

cts

by g

loba

l co

mm

uni-

ties

by 2

011

77

WWF NEPAL

STRATEGIC PLAN

(2006-2011)

AC

TIO

N P

LAN

(In

terv

entio

n Lo

gic)

65,0

00

6,0

00

30,0

00

70,0

00

70,0

00

15,0

00

20,0

00

RE

SO

UR

CE

S (

US

D)

MIL

ES

TO

NE

SS

TR

AT

EG

IES

SO

UR

CE

OF

VE

RIF

ICA

TIO

NIN

DIC

AT

OR

S

By

2010

, K

ey

go

vern

me

nt

inst

itutio

ns a

re a

ble

to

repr

esen

t N

epal

cred

ibly

(ra

ise

issu

es

of c

once

rn a

nd

advo

cate

with

conc

rete

and

upd

ated

info

rmat

ion)

in

inte

rnat

iona

l cl

imat

e

chan

ge n

egot

iatio

ns

By

2010

, G

loba

l

com

muniti

es

reco

gniz

e

the

clim

ate

chan

ge

pror

ity i

ssue

s of

Nep

al

thro

ugh e

ffect

ive

inte

rnat

iona

l

com

munic

atio

n a

nd

awar

enes

s ra

isin

g

pro

gra

ms

By

2010

Clim

ate

Cha

nge

issu

e is

mai

nstr

eam

ed i

nto

deve

lopm

ent,

educ

atio

n an

d m

edia

prio

ritie

s

Mee

ting

of P

artie

s

Pro

ceed

ings

, re

port

s

Med

ia c

over

age

Gove

rnm

ent

docu

ments

,

dono

r co

untr

y st

rate

gies

,

med

ia c

over

age

� S

uppo

rtin

g an

d

Str

ength

enin

g

Min

istr

y of

Env

iron

men

t S

cien

ce

and

Tec

hnol

ogy

and

rele

vant

civ

il so

ciet

y

orga

niza

tion

on

clim

ate

chan

ge

� E

nhan

cing

the

nego

tiatio

n ca

paci

ty

of t

he M

OE

ST

and

conce

rn g

ove

rnm

ent

and

civi

l so

ciet

y

org

aniz

atio

n

� S

tren

gthe

ning

com

mu

nic

ati

on

mea

ns f

or i

nter

na-

tiona

l au

dien

ce

� I

ncre

asin

g

awar

enes

s on

clim

ate

chan

ge i

ssue

MIL

ES

TO

NE

C3.3

By

2009

, go

vern

men

t

repr

esen

tativ

es f

rom

Nep

al

influ

ence

dec

lara

tion

of

Mee

ting

of p

artie

s/co

nfer

ence

of p

artie

s i

n fa

vour

of

the

vuln

erab

le c

ount

ries

MIL

ES

TO

NE

C3.4

By

2009

, th

resh

old

of s

econ

d

com

mitm

ent

peri

od i

ncre

ased

unde

r ky

oto

prot

ocol

as

a

resu

lt of

str

ong

lobb

y by

Nep

al a

nd i

ts a

llian

ce

MIL

ES

TO

NE

C3.5

By

2010

, N

epal

enl

iste

d in

the

UN

FC

CC

lis

t of

vul

nera

ble

countr

ies

MIL

ES

TO

NE

C

3.6

By

2009

, 5

inte

rnat

iona

l m

edia

even

ts h

eld

to h

ighl

ight

the

clim

ate

chan

ge i

mpa

ct i

n

Nepal

MIL

ES

TO

NE

C3.7

By

2009

, G

loba

l C

omm

uniti

es

sens

itize

d on

Im

pact

s of

Clim

ate

Cha

nge

thr

ough

annu

al c

limat

e w

itnes

s

pro

gra

ms

MIL

ES

TO

NE

C4.1

By

2008

, C

limat

e C

hang

e

issu

e in

corp

orat

ed i

n sc

hool

leve

l cu

rric

ulum

MIL

ES

TO

NE

C4.2

By

2010

, O

rgan

ize

trai

ning

and

form

net

wor

k fo

r 50

0

teac

hers

on

cond

uctin

g

clim

ate

chan

ge a

war

enes

s

rais

ing

activ

ities

in

scho

ols

of

Kat

hman

du a

nd P

roje

ct s

ites

TA

RG

ET

11

To

effe

ctiv

ely

com

mun

icat

e an

d bu

ild

awar

enes

s am

ong

vari

ous

Nat

iona

l

targ

et a

udie

nces

to

take

act

ion

in

redu

cing

im

pact

s of

clim

ate

chan

ge

in N

epal

by

2011

78

WWF NEPAL

STRATEGIC PLAN

(2006-2011)

AC

TIO

N P

LAN

(In

terv

entio

n Lo

gic)

25,0

00

25,0

00

80,0

00

RE

SO

UR

CE

S (

US

D)

MIL

ES

TO

NE

SS

TR

AT

EG

IES

SO

UR

CE

OF

VE

RIF

ICA

TIO

NIN

DIC

AT

OR

S

MIL

ES

TO

NE

C

4.3

By

2010

, 5

Med

ia t

rips

for

natio

nal

med

ia a

t cl

imat

e

chan

ge i

mpa

ct s

ites

orga

nize

d

to i

nves

tigat

e an

d co

llect

clim

ate

witn

esse

s an

d th

eir

sto

rie

s

MIL

ES

TO

NE

C

4.3

By

2010

, 3

field

vis

it fo

r do

nor

agen

cies

to

clim

ate

chan

ge

impa

ct s

ites

orga

nize

d

MIL

ES

TO

NE

C4.4

By

2010

, C

ondu

ct 5

cam

paig

ns t

arge

ted

at y

outh

s

and

urba

n po

pula

tion

to r

aise

awar

enes

s on

Clim

ate

Cha

nge

Impa

cts

and

diss

emin

atin

g ec

o tip

s to

redu

ce t

he t

hrea

ts

79

WWF NEPAL

STRATEGIC PLAN

(2006-2011)

AC

TIO

N P

LAN

(In

terv

entio

n Lo

gic)

MIL

ES

TO

NE

SIN

DIC

AT

OR

SS

OU

RC

E O

F V

ER

IFIC

AT

ION

ST

RA

TE

GIE

SR

ES

OU

RC

ES

(U

SD

)

OB

JEC

TIV

E 4

: B

y 20

11,

to c

ham

pion

the

cau

se o

f co

nser

vatio

n an

d m

anag

emen

t of

fre

sh w

ater

res

ourc

es t

o m

aint

ain

thei

r in

tegr

ity/b

iodi

vers

ity a

nd b

ring

bene

fits

to t

he n

atio

n an

d lo

cal

com

mun

ities

4,3

52,9

07

73,1

25

5,0

00

174,3

75

15,0

00

22,5

00

1,2

35,2

50

MIL

ES

TO

NE

FW

1.1

By

2007

, pa

rtne

rshi

p st

rate

gy

for

cons

erva

tion

of

biod

iver

sity

and

eco

logi

cal

proc

ess

deve

lope

d fo

r K

oshi

rive

r ba

sin

MIL

ES

TO

NE

FW

1.2

By

2007

, Im

plem

enta

tion

leve

l

part

ners

hip

fost

ered

with

gove

rnm

ent

orga

niza

tion

and

like

min

ded

I/N

GO

s, C

BO

s fo

r

Kos

hi r

iver

bas

in

MIL

ES

TO

NE

FW

1.3

By

2011

,con

serv

ing

and

rest

orin

g th

e ec

olog

ical

proc

esse

s of

at

leas

t 3

criti

cal

site

s (h

imal

aya

- G

okyo

, m

id

hills

, te

rai)

in 1

riv

er b

asin

(Kos

hi)

to i

mpr

ove

fres

hwat

er

habi

tat

and

redu

ce t

he

vuln

erab

ility

of

dow

nstr

eam

com

mu

nit

ies

MIL

ES

TO

NE

FW

1.4

By

2009

, in

vent

ory

of a

t le

ast

15 H

AW

s pr

epar

ed

MIL

ES

TO

NE

FW

1.5

By

2007

, da

taba

se o

n aq

uatic

bio

idve

rsity

ofw

etla

nds

(gho

dagh

odi

and

Ger

uwa)

esta

blis

hed

and

mon

itore

d

once

in

ever

y th

ree

year

s

MIL

ES

TO

NE

FW

1.6

By

2009

, G

ange

tic d

olph

ins

popu

latio

n an

d ha

bita

t

cons

erve

d th

roug

h rive

r ba

sin

man

agem

ent

in G

eruw

a

Kar

nali

river

and

ini

tiate

repl

icat

ion

in K

oshi

Tap

pu

� D

evel

opin

g m

ulti-

stake

hold

er

part

ners

hip

� P

ilotin

g of

IR

BM

� D

evel

opin

g

data

base

of

key

spec

ies

and

envi

ronm

enta

l

pro

cess

es

� M

anag

ing

the

habi

tat

of k

ey

spec

ies

and

envi

ronm

enta

l

pro

cess

es

annu

al r

epor

ts,

field

vis

its

annu

al r

epor

ts,

field

vis

its

Win

ter

wat

er f

owl

coun

ts,

perc

eptio

n of

loc

al

com

mu

nit

ies,

Cen

sus

repo

rt,

field

vis

it,

mon

itoring

rep

ort,

tre

nds

of

sigh

ting,

loc

al i

nfor

mat

ion

By

2008

, pr

ojec

ts t

o

conse

rve b

iodiv

ers

ity

and

ecol

ogic

al

pro

cess

es

imple

-

men

ted

in p

artn

ersh

ip

with

oth

er s

take

hold

-

ers

By

2011

, P

ilotin

g of

the

Inte

grat

ed r

iver

basi

n m

anag

emen

t

appr

oach

in

Kos

hi r

iver

basi

n

By

2010

the

pop

ulat

ion

of m

igra

tory

birds

visi

ting

key

wet

land

s

incr

ease

s or

is

mai

ntai

ned

at b

aslin

es

of 2

006

By

2010

Dol

phin

popu

latio

n in

one

riv

er

syst

em m

aint

aine

d to

leve

ls o

f 20

05

TA

RG

ET

12

To

ensu

re h

ealth

y en

viro

nmen

tal

proc

esse

s in

at l

east

3 w

etla

nds

and

initi

ate

in 1

rive

r ba

sin

by 2

011

80

WWF NEPAL

STRATEGIC PLAN

(2006-2011)

AC

TIO

N P

LAN

(In

terv

entio

n Lo

gic)

35,0

00

39,3

75

46,2

50

10,0

00

22,5

00

75,8

75

RE

SO

UR

CE

S (

US

D)

MIL

ES

TO

NE

SS

TR

AT

EG

IES

SO

UR

CE

OF

VE

RIF

ICA

TIO

NIN

DIC

AT

OR

S

By

2010

wat

er q

ualit

y

of f

resh

wat

er

(wet

land

s an

d rive

r

basi

n) s

ites

does

not

dete

rior

ate

from

the

basl

ine

of 2

006

By

2008

, pr

ovis

on o

f

bio

div

ers

ity c

onse

rva-

tion

inco

rpor

ated

in

wat

er r

elat

ed p

olic

ies

By

2010

Gov

ernm

ent

uses

IR

BM

as

a m

ajor

tool

in

key

natio

nal

wat

er r

elat

ed p

lans

By

2010

, D

NP

WC

with

the

supp

ort

of W

WF

prop

oses

for

the

desi

gnat

ion

of a

t le

ast

3 H

AW

s as

Ram

sar

site

s

Wat

er q

ualit

y re

port

s, k

ey

info

rman

t in

terv

iew

, fie

ld

obse

rvatio

ns,

key

speci

es

surv

eys

(cr

oco

dile

popu

latio

n),

part

icip

ator

y

monito

ring

Revi

ew

docu

ment

Polic

y docu

ments

Ram

asar

Inf

orm

atio

n S

heet

� M

onito

ring

and

mai

ntai

ning

the

stat

us o

f pr

iori

ty

we

tla

nd

s

� R

evie

win

g w

ater

rela

ted

polic

ies

from

bio

div

ers

ity

pers

pect

ive

� P

ilotin

g of

IR

BM

� P

ropo

sing

Hig

h

Alti

tude

Wet

land

s as

Ram

sar

site

s

MIL

ES

TO

NE

F

W1.7

By

2011

tra

ns-b

ound

ary

leve

l

colla

bora

tion

initi

ated

for

dolp

hin

cons

erva

tion

in

Ger

uwa

rive

r, K

hata

Cor

rido

r

MIL

ES

TO

NE

FW

1.8

By

2007

, da

taba

se o

n w

ater

qual

ity o

f pr

iority

wet

land

s

(gho

dagh

odi

and

goky

o) a

nd

river

bas

in (

Ger

uwa

river

)

est

ablis

hed

MIL

ES

TO

NE

FW

1.9

By

2009

, in

terv

entio

ns t

o

cont

rol

the

poin

t an

d no

n po

int

sour

ce o

f fr

eshw

ater

pol

lutio

n

impl

emen

ted

with

the

invo

lvem

ent

of l

ocal

com

mun

ities

(G

eruw

a in

TA

L

and

in K

TM

)

MIL

ES

TO

NE

F

W2.1

By

2007

, w

ater

rel

ated

polic

ies

(hyd

ropo

wer

,

irriga

tion,

drink

ing

wat

er e

tc)

revi

ewed

fro

m b

iodi

vers

ity

pers

pect

ive

for

polic

y fe

ed

ba

ck

MIL

ES

TO

NE

F

W2.2

By

2010

, P

olic

y do

cum

ent

for

river

bas

in m

anag

emen

t

prep

ared

in

the

lead

ersh

ip o

f

MoW

R/W

EC

S a

nd w

ider

stak

ehol

ders

MIL

ES

TO

NE

F

W2.3

By

2008

, su

ppor

t th

e

gove

rnm

ent

for

prop

osin

g at

leas

t 4

high

mou

ntai

n w

etla

nd

as R

amsa

r si

tes

desi

gnat

ion

and

Gok

yo a

s G

ift t

o th

e E

arth

TA

RG

ET

13

To

prom

ote

at l

east

2 g

over

nmen

t

polic

ies

(Wet

land

pol

icy

and

IRB

M)

to

safe

guar

d fr

eshw

ater

res

ourc

es a

nd

redu

ce p

over

ty f

or d

epen

dent

com

mun

ities

by

2011

81

WWF NEPAL

STRATEGIC PLAN

(2006-2011)

AC

TIO

N P

LAN

(In

terv

entio

n Lo

gic)

3,0

00

10,0

00

174,3

75

112,5

00

276,5

31

1,2

94,8

76

RE

SO

UR

CE

S (

US

D)

MIL

ES

TO

NE

SS

TR

AT

EG

IES

SO

UR

CE

OF

VE

RIF

ICA

TIO

NIN

DIC

AT

OR

S

By

2010

,

Tra

nsb

oundary

coop

erat

ion

on p

olic

y

dial

ouge

on

dam

s

enhance

d

By

2010

Key

gove

rnm

ent

inst

itutio

ns

are

able

to

repr

esen

t

Nep

al c

redi

bly

(rai

se

issu

es o

f co

ncer

n an

d

advo

cate

with

con

cret

e

and

upda

ted

info

rmat

ion)

in

reg

iona

l

and

natio

nal

foru

m o

n

IRB

M i

ssue

s

By

2010

WW

F N

epal

repr

esen

ted

in k

ey

wat

er r

elat

ed p

olic

y

engagem

ents

By

2010

, 3

prio

rity

wet

land

s (a

t le

ast

2

Ram

sar)

und

er

eff

ect

ive c

om

munity

man

agem

ent

thr

ough

wis

e us

e ap

proa

ch

annu

al r

epor

ts,

field

vis

its,

pres

s re

port

s

Pro

ceed

ings

of

inte

rnat

iona

l

nego

tiatio

ns,

pres

s re

port

s

Pol

icy

docu

men

ts,

Mee

ting

min

ute

s

annu

al r

epor

ts,

field

vis

its

� P

rom

otin

g po

licy

dial

ogue

on

dam

s

natio

nally

and

at

tran

sbou

ndar

y le

vel

� B

uild

ing

capa

city

of

repre

senta

tives

from

gove

rnm

ent

line

agenci

es

� S

tren

gthe

ning

part

icip

atio

n an

d

inst

itutio

nal

coord

inatio

n

� P

rom

otin

g

com

mu

nit

y

man

agem

ent

and

wis

e us

e of

wet

land

s

� P

rom

otin

g

livel

ihoo

d be

nefit

s to

loca

l co

mm

uniti

es

MIL

ES

TO

NE

FW

2.4

By

2008

, es

tabl

ish

stra

tegi

c

part

ners

hip

with

Dam

s an

d

Dev

elop

men

t fo

r lo

bbyi

ng n

o

dam

s or

goo

d da

ms

MIL

ES

TO

NE

FW

2.5

By

2010

, C

oord

inat

e w

ith

WW

F I

ndia

and

WW

F

Net

wor

k fo

r tr

ansb

ound

ary

coop

erat

ion

on d

olph

in

cons

erva

tion

in K

arna

li rive

r

MIL

ES

TO

NE

FW

2.6

By

2010

rel

evan

t go

vern

men

t

inst

itutio

ns a

re c

apab

le o

f

putt

ing

issu

es o

f N

epal

's

inte

rest

in

regi

onal

and

glo

bal

wat

er r

elat

ed f

orum

MIL

ES

TO

NE

FW

2.7

By

2011

, in

crea

sed

supp

ort

and

part

icip

atio

n in

fre

shw

ater

cons

erva

tion

and

man

age-

men

t, t

hrou

gh c

apac

ity b

uild

ing

and

info

rmat

ion

shar

ing

MIL

ES

TO

NE

FW

3.1

By

2009

, 14

,566

hec

tare

Ram

sar

site

man

aged

by

loca

l

com

mun

ities

fol

low

ing

wis

e

use

appr

oach

MIL

ES

TO

NE

FW

3.2

By

2010,

3,0

00 o

f poor

and

ma

rgin

aliz

ed

we

tla

nd

de

pe

nd

en

t h

ou

seh

old

s

live

liho

od

im

pro

ved

th

rou

gh

wis

e u

se a

pp

roa

ch o

f th

e

we

tla

nd

s

TA

RG

ET

14

To

prot

ect

and

sust

aina

bly

man

age

14,5

66 h

ecta

res

of r

epre

sent

ativ

e

wet

land

s by

201

1

82

WWF NEPAL

STRATEGIC PLAN

(2006-2011)

AC

TIO

N P

LAN

(In

terv

entio

n Lo

gic)

534,3

75

21,0

00

93,0

00

20,0

00

59,0

00

RE

SO

UR

CE

S (

US

D)

MIL

ES

TO

NE

SS

TR

AT

EG

IES

SO

UR

CE

OF

VE

RIF

ICA

TIO

NIN

DIC

AT

OR

S

By

2010

, lo

cal

peop

les

part

icip

atio

n in

wet

land

cons

erva

tion

incr

ease

d

as a

res

ult

of

incr

ease

d aw

aren

ess

By

2009

, st

udie

s on

use

of p

estic

ides

and

fert

ilize

rs i

n ag

ricu

lture

and

thei

r im

pact

in

the

envi

ronm

ent

con

du

cte

d

By

2009

, at

lea

st 2

com

mun

ities

in

the

proj

ect

area

s ad

opt

eco

-fri

endly

tech

nolo

gies

lik

e

orga

nic

farm

ing,

verm

ipost

ing

By

2009

, in

crea

sed

unde

rsta

ndin

g am

ong

the

targ

eted

aud

ienc

es

on t

he i

mpa

cts

of

toxi

cs a

nd p

ollu

tant

s

to t

he b

iodi

vers

ity

Foc

us g

roup

dis

cuss

ion,

field

obs

erva

tions

, fie

ld

report

s

Stu

dy r

epor

ts

tech

nica

l re

port

s, f

ield

visi

ts

tech

nica

l re

port

s

� R

aisi

ng a

war

enes

s

at v

ario

us l

evel

s

� K

now

ledg

e ba

se

enha

ncem

ent

on

impact

s fr

om

Toxi

cs/

Pol

luta

nts

and

less

ons

lear

nt l

eadi

ng

tow

ard

s deve

lopm

ent

of a

ltern

ativ

e

tech

nolo

gie

s

� P

rom

otio

n of

Tra

ditio

nal

prac

tices

com

bine

d w

ith

mod

ern

eco

frie

ndly

tech

nolo

gies

in

agri

cultu

ral

sect

ors

� M

ultip

le S

take

-

hold

er s

ensi

tizat

ion,

Aw

aren

ess

rais

ing

and

educ

atio

n

MIL

ES

TO

NE

FW

3.3

By

2011

, st

reng

then

ed

awar

enes

s an

d kn

owle

dge

on

key

issu

es o

f w

etla

nd a

nd

fres

hwat

er i

ndic

ator

spe

cies

(dol

phin

) co

nser

vatio

n

resu

lting

in

posi

tive

chan

ge i

n

attit

ude

and

valu

es o

f ke

y

stake

hold

ers

.

MIL

ES

TO

NE

FW

4.1

By

2008

, P

estic

ide

leve

ls

used

in

agric

ultu

re i

n 2

site

s

of T

AL

and

its i

mpa

ct o

n th

e

bio

div

ers

ity a

ssess

ed

MIL

ES

TO

NE

FW

4.2

By

2009

, O

rgan

ic f

arm

ing

and

othe

r ec

o fr

iend

ly t

echn

olog

ies

in a

gric

ultu

re i

s pi

lote

d in

at

leas

t 2

site

s in

TA

L

MIL

ES

TO

NE

FW

4.3

By

2008

, ca

mpa

ign

agai

nst

over

use

of

fert

ilize

rs a

nd

pest

icid

es l

aunc

hed

at 2

site

s

in T

AL

MIL

ES

TO

NE

FW

4.4

By

2009

cam

paig

n on

envi

ronm

enta

l co

nser

vatio

n

desi

gned

and

lau

nche

d in

Kat

hman

du

TA

RG

ET

15

To

redu

ce t

he t

hrea

ts t

o bi

odiv

ersi

ty

in c

ritic

al a

reas

of

Ter

ai A

rc

Land

scap

e fr

om h

azar

dous

che

mic

als

espe

cial

ly t

hose

use

d in

agr

icul

ture

and

iden

tify

safe

r al

tern

ativ

es w

here

poss

ible

83

WWF NEPAL

STRATEGIC PLAN

(2006-2011)

WWF NepalProgram OfficeP.O. Box 7660Baluwatar, KathmanduNepal

Tel: 977 1 4410942/4434820/4434970Fax: 977 1 4438458E-mail: info@wwfnepal.orgWebsite: www.wwfnepal.org

WWF’s Mission is to stop the degradation of the planet’s natural environmentand to build a future in which humans live in harmony with nature by:� Conserving the world’s biological diversity;� Ensuring that the use of renewable natural resources is sustainable; and� Reducing pollution and wasteful consumption

1986 P

anda symbol W

WF

- World W

ide Fund F

or Nature (F

ormerly W

orld Wildlife F

und) "W

WF

and "Living Planet" are R

egistered Tradem

arks

WW

F

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PA

L S

trategic Pla

n 2

00

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