Stourhead Stourhead

Liesil Arredondo Liesil Arredondo Ana P S Beckner Ana P S Beckner

TimelineTimeline

LocationLocation

HistoryHistory

InfluencesInfluences

WalkthroughWalkthrough

Plan & SectionPlan & Section

PartisPartis

ComparisonsComparisons

Overview PicturesOverview Pictures

BibliographyBibliography

Stourhead Stourhead

Timeline Timeline

Overview of history of England and Family

Location Location

LondonStourheadStourheadStonehengeBath

Stourton, WiltshireStourton, Wiltshire

Altitude: 500 ftAltitude: 500 ft

Temperature: 38Temperature: 38° F° F

Average Winter Climate ModerateAverage Winter Climate Moderate

Distance: Distance:

110 miles southwest of London110 miles southwest of London

3 miles northwest of Mere3 miles northwest of Mere

History: 1740’s (18History: 1740’s (18thth century) century)

• England England a country where land, title, and power are very significant a country where land, title, and power are very significant

• Hoare Family Hoare Family originally goldsmiths in London and returned to banking in the 17 originally goldsmiths in London and returned to banking in the 17 thth century century

• US US Declaration of Independence (England loses control of its colony) Declaration of Independence (England loses control of its colony)

• Design Design Does not represent disillusionment with the politics at Stourhead but Does not represent disillusionment with the politics at Stourhead but a a confirmation of powerconfirmation of power to withstand disaster to withstand disaster

• English ideal English ideal to create a “contrive naturalism” (an idealized form of nature) to create a “contrive naturalism” (an idealized form of nature)

• Stourhead Stourhead “Henry Hoare’s paradise” “Henry Hoare’s paradise”

Human control of NatureHuman control of Nature

VersaillesVersailles StourheadStourhead NatureNature

Man-madeMan-made NaturalNaturalMan-made to look “natural”Man-made to look “natural”

Stourhead: 1741–1765Stourhead: 1741–1765

Designers Designers

• Henry Hoare IHenry Hoare I not a professional landscape not a professional landscape gardener; inspired by paintings & travel gardener; inspired by paintings & travel Designed: Grotto, Palladian bridge, 3 classical Designed: Grotto, Palladian bridge, 3 classical buildingsbuildings

• Henry FlitcroftHenry Flitcroft a professional designer a professional designer associated with William Kentassociated with William KentDesigned most classical buildings: Pantheon, Designed most classical buildings: Pantheon, Temples of Flora & ApolloTemples of Flora & Apollo

• Colin Campbell Colin Campbell designed the Palladian House designed the Palladian House

• Richard Hoare Richard Hoare Hoare’s grandson; added exotic Hoare’s grandson; added exotic planting to landscape planting to landscape

Memorial to Henry Hoare IMemorial to Henry Hoare I

Landscape with Apollo Guarding the Herds of Admetus Landscape with Apollo Guarding the Herds of Admetus

Influence: Claude LourrainInfluence: Claude Lourrain

Influence: Claude LourrainInfluence: Claude Lourrain

Apollo and the Muses on Mount Helion Apollo and the Muses on Mount Helion

Landscape with Aeneas at Delos Landscape with Aeneas at Delos

Influence: Claude LourrainInfluence: Claude Lourrain

Layout Layout

• Enclosed and inward lookingEnclosed and inward looking

• Hoare dammed a stream (Stour River) to Hoare dammed a stream (Stour River) to make one large lake and two small onesmake one large lake and two small ones

• Lake: central feature of garden; what ties Lake: central feature of garden; what ties the story togetherthe story together

• A poetic landscapeA poetic landscape

• Inspired by the Roman Campagna with Inspired by the Roman Campagna with allegorical allusions to the epic journey of allegorical allusions to the epic journey of AeneasAeneas

• A series of calculated views framed by the A series of calculated views framed by the green – visual alignment among buildingsgreen – visual alignment among buildings

•No strong axis or grid systemNo strong axis or grid system

• All grassy bank artificially created – All grassy bank artificially created – different heightsdifferent heights

Elements & Segments of the Garden Elements & Segments of the Garden

Manor House (Palladian)Manor House (Palladian)

Temple of Flora (Ceres)Temple of Flora (Ceres)

ObeliskObelisk

Wooden BridgeWooden Bridge

GrottoGrotto

Pantheon (Temple of Hercules) Pantheon (Temple of Hercules)

Iron BridgeIron Bridge

Temple of ApolloTemple of Apollo

Stone Bridge (Palladian)Stone Bridge (Palladian)

11

22

33

44

55

66

77

88

99

11

33

44

55

66

88

22

99

77

Theater of a Thousand ViewsTheater of a Thousand Views

11 Manor HouseManor House

By Colin Campbell - 1724By Colin Campbell - 1724

Theater of a Thousand ViewsTheater of a Thousand Views

11 Manor HouseManor House

Original View - PaintingOriginal View - Painting

View from the Front LawnView from the Front Lawn

Theater of a Thousand ViewsTheater of a Thousand Views

11 Manor HouseManor House

House well removedHouse well removed

from gardenfrom garden

Not the main featureNot the main feature

Theater of a Thousand ViewsTheater of a Thousand Views

22 Temple of FloraTemple of Flora

Flora: the goddess of flowersFlora: the goddess of flowers““Temple of Ceres”Temple of Ceres”

Contains busts after the Classical Greek;Contains busts after the Classical Greek;an urn representing Flora and her nymphsan urn representing Flora and her nymphs

Theater of a Thousand ViewsTheater of a Thousand Views

22 Temple of FloraTemple of Flora

Roman Temple at NimesRoman Temple at Nimes

Doric porticoDoric portico Temple of FloraTemple of Flora

Memorial to Henry Hoare’s Grandson – GriefMemorial to Henry Hoare’s Grandson – Grief

Theater of a Thousand ViewsTheater of a Thousand Views

33 ObeliskObelisk

Fir Walk to Obelisk Fir Walk to Obelisk

Light and Shade – vista to the Lake and the Pantheon are lostLight and Shade – vista to the Lake and the Pantheon are lost

The Narrative BeginsThe Narrative Begins

Theater of a Thousand ViewsTheater of a Thousand Views

33 ObeliskObelisk

PaintingPainting Elements of surpriseElements of surprise

Theater of a Thousand ViewsTheater of a Thousand Views

44 Wooden Bridge Wooden Bridge

Crossing into the underworld Crossing into the underworld

Reflection of water: extension into the earthReflection of water: extension into the earth

Ambiguity in determining the ground lineAmbiguity in determining the ground line

Circle: eternity; continuity of life & deathCircle: eternity; continuity of life & death

Comparison with Scarpa’s Brion CemeteryComparison with Scarpa’s Brion Cemetery

Theater of a Thousand ViewsTheater of a Thousand Views

44 Wooden Bridge Wooden Bridge

View from the Wooden Bridge towards Diana’s BasinView from the Wooden Bridge towards Diana’s Basin

Enclosed gardenEnclosed garden

IsolationIsolation

““Perfect world”Perfect world”

Theater of a Thousand ViewsTheater of a Thousand Views

55 GrottoGrotto

The UnderworldThe Underworld

Engaged to naturalistic topographyEngaged to naturalistic topographyDark but alive to sound of Dark but alive to sound of

water splashing from natural springs water splashing from natural springs

Theater of a Thousand ViewsTheater of a Thousand Views

River GodRiver God: the deity of the river Stour, : the deity of the river Stour, holding an urn from which the river flowsholding an urn from which the river flowsIt points to the direction of the Pantheon It points to the direction of the Pantheon

NymphNymph: sleeps above the the cascade,: sleeps above the the cascade,where the waters are gatheredwhere the waters are gathered

from the bank and flow out into the lakefrom the bank and flow out into the lake

View from the Grotto: village church & Palladian bridgeView from the Grotto: village church & Palladian bridge

Theater of a Thousand ViewsTheater of a Thousand Views

55 GrottoGrotto

Theater of a Thousand ViewsTheater of a Thousand Views

Watch CottageWatch Cottage

A transitional point from the Grotto to the PantheonA transitional point from the Grotto to the Pantheon

Visual shock:Visual shock:

no intermediateno intermediate

image to relate theimage to relate the

scale of the first viewscale of the first view

to the secondto the second

Theater of a Thousand ViewsTheater of a Thousand Views

66 PantheonPantheon

“ “Temple of Hercules”Temple of Hercules”

Façade: Portico with 4 Corinthian columnsFaçade: Portico with 4 Corinthian columnsNiches holding the figures of a Muse and Niches holding the figures of a Muse and DionysiosDionysios

Interior: Statue of HerculesInterior: Statue of Hercules & other Classical figures,& other Classical figures,such as such as FloraFlora, and , and CeresCeres

Theater of a Thousand ViewsTheater of a Thousand Views

StourheadStourheadRomeRome

4 Corinthian columns,4 Corinthian columns,with closed bays, screening a rotundawith closed bays, screening a rotunda

Theater of a Thousand ViewsTheater of a Thousand Views

Theater of a Thousand ViewsTheater of a Thousand Views

66 PantheonPantheon

View from the PantheonView from the Pantheon

Turning pointTurning point

Temple of Flora Temple of Flora seen in perspectiveseen in perspective

Height of view: going upHeight of view: going up

Theater of a Thousand ViewsTheater of a Thousand Views

77 Iron BridgeIron Bridge

PaintingPainting

Edge of LakeEdge of Lake

Right: another smallRight: another smalllake with a cascadelake with a cascade

Makes a short descentMakes a short descentbelow the water levelbelow the water level

Ascent to the King of ViewsAscent to the King of ViewsClimax of the NarrativeClimax of the Narrative

Theater of a Thousand ViewsTheater of a Thousand Views

88 Temple of ApolloTemple of Apollo

Apollo: sun-godApollo: sun-god

Sunshine: represented in theSunshine: represented in theform of entablature, whichform of entablature, which

imitates the sun’s raysimitates the sun’s rays

Theater of a Thousand ViewsTheater of a Thousand Views

Claude Lourrain’s PaintingClaude Lourrain’s PaintingStourheadStourhead

TodiTodiTemple of Venus at BaalbecTemple of Venus at Baalbec

Theater of a Thousand ViewsTheater of a Thousand Views

88 Temple of ApolloTemple of Apollo

The Highest PointThe Highest Point

All garden becomes apparentAll garden becomes apparent

Dedicated to WisdomDedicated to Wisdom

Only place we trace out the pathOnly place we trace out the path

Theater of a Thousand ViewsTheater of a Thousand Views

99 Palladian Bridge Palladian Bridge

Leaving the underworld Leaving the underworld Threshold between past and present; a symbol of transitionThreshold between past and present; a symbol of transition

Influence: Andrea PalladioInfluence: Andrea Palladio

Rialto Bridge - 1570Rialto Bridge - 1570

Stourhead - 1762Stourhead - 1762

Andrea Palladio’s design - never builtAndrea Palladio’s design - never builtPublished in the Quattro Libri dell’ArchitetturaPublished in the Quattro Libri dell’Architettura

Parti Parti

SymmetrySymmetryPast (Death) x Present (Life)Past (Death) x Present (Life)

Parti Parti

Entry SequenceEntry SequenceAlignmentAlignment

Parti Parti

TopographyTopography CirculationCirculation

Comparison: English Gardens Comparison: English Gardens

StourheadStourhead

100’100’ 500’500’

Chatsworth Chatsworth

2000’1000’500’

Comparison: Framed ViewsComparison: Framed Views

GamberaiaGamberaia StourheadStourhead

Comparison: RotationComparison: Rotation

GamberaiaGamberaia StourheadStourhead

Comparison: UTA Architecture Building Comparison: UTA Architecture Building

0’ 100’

500’500’

ConclusionConclusion

“ “ The relation of all the arts to one another, through the pictorial The relation of all the arts to one another, through the pictorial

appreciation of nature, was so close that poetry, painting, appreciation of nature, was so close that poetry, painting,

gardening, architecture and the art of travel may be said to have gardening, architecture and the art of travel may be said to have

been fused into the single ‘art of landscape’ ” been fused into the single ‘art of landscape’ ”

Hussey Hussey

ConclusionConclusion

““The genius of the 18th-century landscape garden designer was his The genius of the 18th-century landscape garden designer was his

ability to create subtle views every few paces, offering glimpses framed ability to create subtle views every few paces, offering glimpses framed

by trees, and a constant promise of something new around the corner. by trees, and a constant promise of something new around the corner.

The effect is not of walking through a garden, but of moving in and out The effect is not of walking through a garden, but of moving in and out

of a thousand vignettes.”of a thousand vignettes.”

Martin DavidsonMartin Davidson

Overview Overview

Overview Overview

Overview Overview

Overview Overview

Bibliography Bibliography

•Jellicoe, Geoffrey & Susan.1986. The Oxford Companion to Gardens. Oxford, UK. : Oxford University Press.•Tyack, Geoffrey & Brindle, Steven. 1994. Blue Guide Country Houses of England. London, UK. : A&C Black Publishers Limited.•Woodbridge, Kenneth. 1965. “Henry Hoare’s Paradise.” Art Bulletin, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. [83]-116. ( March 1965).•Pieper, Jan. 1995. “Palladiobrucken= Palladian Bridges.” Daidalos, no. 57, pp. 88-93. (September 1995).•Turner, James. 1979. “The Structure of Henry Hoare’s Stourhead.” Art Bulletin, vol. 61, no. 1, pp. 68-77. (March 1979).•Jarrett, David. 1978. The English Landscape Garden . New York, NY. : Rizzoli International Publications, Inc.•Taylor, Patrick. 1998. The Garden Lover’s Guide To Britain . New York, NY. : Princeton Architectural Press.

•http://www.tjhsst.edu/~dhyatt/trip/stourhead.shtml•http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stourhead•http://www.armin-grewe.com/holiday/wiltshire/stourhead-house.htm•http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/main/w-vh/w-visits/w-findaplace/w-stourhead.htm•http://www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/Stourhead_Garden.html•http://www.gardenvisit.com/g/stour2.htm•http://www.faculty.de.gcsu.edu/~rviau/ids/Artworks/stourhead.html•http://www.pantheon.org/•http://www.uk-genealogy.org.uk/england/Wiltshire/towns/Stourhead.html•http://www.burrows.uk.com/photos/chas/stourhead2/•http://www.york.ac.uk/depts/arch/landscapes/ukpg/sites/stourhea.htm

BooksBooks

WebsitesWebsites

Bibliography Bibliography

Additional Photo Sources Additional Photo Sources

•http://www.armin-grewe.com/holiday/wiltshire/stourhead-garden.htm•http://brodick.smugmug.com/keyword/stourhead/1/26647861•http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.msualum.com/evecoll/oxford-03/photos/stourhead/stourhead03.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.msualum.com/evecoll/oxford-03/photos/stourhead/page_01.htm&h=559&w=863&sz=89&tbnid=XJlmW2-stSzjQM:&tbnh=93&tbnw=144&hl=en&start=1&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dstourhead%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D•http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.uk-genealogy.org.uk/england/Wiltshire/images/Stourhead002.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.uk-genealogy.org.uk/england/Wiltshire/towns/Stourhead.html&h=960&w=1280&sz=205&tbnid=bDZsMSxocKlfxM:&tbnh=112&tbnw=150&hl=en&start=4&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dstourhead%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D•http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.apl.ncl.ac.uk/coursework/IThompson/stourhead_panth.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.apl.ncl.ac.uk/coursework/IThompson/Informal_3.htm&h=271&w=400&sz=84&tbnid=P4kjTqMBdUDJhM:&tbnh=81&tbnw=120&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dstourhead%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D•http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.faculty.de.gcsu.edu/~rviau/ids/Artworks/Stourhead/stourhead.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.faculty.de.gcsu.edu/~rviau/ids/Artworks/stourhead.html&h=262&w=400&sz=85&tbnid=Ua0oe9FW9MtfSM:&tbnh=78&tbnw=120&hl=en&start=6&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dstourhead%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D•http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.calpoly.edu/~lndnstdy/photo_albums/photos/stourhead/Stourhead_Bridge.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.calpoly.edu/~lndnstdy/photo_albums/stourhead.html&h=361&w=482&sz=62&tbnid=7eVmCnNjZBuflM:&tbnh=94&tbnw=126&hl=en&start=7&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dstourhead%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D•http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.uwosh.edu/faculty_staff/shaffer/stourhead.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.uwosh.edu/faculty_staff/shaffer/18thc998.htm&h=231&w=200&sz=28&tbnid=LCnnJA5_i_ZNhM:&tbnh=103&tbnw=89&hl=en&start=8&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dstourhead%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D•http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/main/w-093456-stourhead-property_image&imgrefurl=http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/main/w-vh/w-visits/w-findaplace/w-stourhead.htm&h=206&w=379&sz=20&tbnid=M-gZHFS8dWIIKM:&tbnh=64&tbnw=119&hl=en&start=10&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dstourhead%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D