Stockman’s Practice Info

Feeds

GrainsEnergy Protein

Corn Barley Wheat Oats Soybeans

• Grains are HIGH in Phosphors & LOW in Calcium

• Flaking, Cracking or Grinding a Grain increases digestibility. Animals gets more energy from the grain

Corn

• Highest ENERGY Grain• Lowest Protein Grain (8%)

• Used to “fatten” animals

Barley

• Similar to Corn• 10% Protein

• Used in place of corn as an ENERGY source.

• 10% less energy than Corn

Wheat

• 11% Protein

• Used as an ENERGY source.

• LOOKS like “little hot dog buns”

Oats• 11% Protein

• Used as an ENERGY source.

• Low Carbohydrate energy source

• Long golden colored grains

Soybeans• 40% Protein

• Used as PROTEIN source• High Fat level also adds

energy

• “Raw” beans can only be feed in limited amounts

Minerals Macro - required in larger amounts

Cannot get enough from diet, must be fed. Calcium = from Limestone

Phosphorus = from Dical

Bone Growth, Development & Repair

Body Functions

Sodium & Chlorine = Salt Electrolytes important in cell functions

Lost through sweat must be replaced

Potassium

Magnesium = from mineralsMuscle Contractions & Functions

Minerals Micro (Trace)-required in smaller amounts

Cannot get enough from diet, must be fed.

Iron =

Zinc = Reproductive functions

Immune Functions

Red Blood Cells = IronCopper = Manganese =

Selenium =Muscle Functions

Metabolic functions

VitaminsFat Soluble - stored in body fat

Water Soluble - cannot be stored in body

Vita A =

Vita E =

Eyesight & Eye Health

Vita D =

Vita C

Bone Growth & Repair - made when animal is exposed to sunlight

Immune System Functions

Fat

Soluble

Water

Soluble B - Vitamins

Limestone“Calcium Carbonate”

• MINERAL– 38% Calcium

• ROCK that is mined

• Used as a source of CALCIUM

• Gray uneven shaped particles or gray dust.

Dicalcium Phosphate• MINERAL

– 18.5% Calcium– 21% Phosphorus

• ROCK that is mined

• Used as a source of PHOSPHORUS & CALCIUM

• Light gray round balls

Salt“Sodium Chloride”

• MINERAL used as an electrolyte in the body.

• Important for cell functions

• White crystal structure

Trace Mineral Salt• White Salt + Minerals

– Iron– Zinc– Copper– Manganese

• Red Color = Iron

• DO NOT feed to sheep unless no copper added

Soybean Meal• Crushed & pressed

soybeans– oil is removed

• A PROTEIN source (48%)

• Light yellow - tan colored meal

• Used in diets of all animals• High in (amino acid) -

Lysine

Whole Cottonseed • “Fuzzy” seeds of the cotton

plant

• High in Protein & Fat • Adds ENERGY &

PROTEIN to a diet

• Used mainly in Dairy Feeds, but also some in beef

• DO NOT FEED to bulls, will cause fertility problems

Broiler Litter • By-product of the poultry

house

• High in PROTEIN

• High in COPPER** DO NOT FEED TO SHEEP **

ForagesProtein

Fescue Corn Silage Orchardgrass Alfalfa

Forages Should Appear:• Green in color (NOT Yellow)

• Leafy, fine stems (NOT STEMY, NO SEEDHEADS)

• Free From Dust & Mold

Forage NutritionNutrient Value

Vegetative Pre-Bloom Full Bloom Seed Heads

As a forage mature it’s nutrient value to the animal decreases

High Quality Low Quality

Orchardgrass

Corn Silage• Chopped Up Corn Plant

• Put in Silo or Bag to ferment

• Adds Energy & Fiber to a diet

• High in Phosphorus• Low in Calcium

Alfalfa• High PROTEIN hay

Fescue

• Has a TOXIN that causes performance problems– reduced weigh gains– elevated body temperature– foaling problems in horses

Timothy

• Finger-like seed head

ForagesCool-Season = like to grow in cooler weather

Warm-Season = like to grow in warm weather - SUMMER

Millet, Sorghum, Switchgrass, Bahiagrass, Bermudagrass, Gamagrassm Johnsongrass

Soybeans

Orchardgrass, Bluegrass, Ryegrass, Timothy, Fescue

Alfalfa, Clover

By-Products

Soyhulls• The outer “shell” of the

soybean

• Used as a FIBER source• Good energy value

• Light tan flakes (may see the black “eye’ from the soybean grain

Wheat Bran “Midds”

• The outer “shell” of the wheat

• Used as a FIBER source• Good energy value

• Light brown flakes

Cottonseed Hulls• The outer “shell” of the

cottonseed

• Used as a FIBER source• Used as a FILLER - little

nutritional value

• Dirty White & Black pieces• Looks “fuzzy”

Beet Pulp

• Ground Up Sugar Beet– by-product of the sugar

industry

• Used as a FIBER source• Good energy value

• Gray pieces

Ruminant - an animal with a 4 part stomachCattle, Sheep, Goats, Deer, etc….

Rumen

Reticulum

Omasum

Abomasum

Ruminant

• Rumen– 1st & Largest Compartment– Fermentation Pouch– Rumen “bugs” (bacteria & protozoa)

breakdown fiber

• Reticulum - “Honeycomb”– 2nd Compartment– Help rumen with digestion– Collects bad material (like metal)

Ruminant

• Omasum - “Many Plies”– 3rd Compartment– Long finger like folds– Has a grinding action

• Abomasum “True Stomach”– 4th & Last Compartment– Digestion like in our stomach

Feeding Requirements

Young Animal

Growing Animal

Mature Animal

Highest Protein & Energy

Lowest Protein & Energy

Who has the high nutrient requirements ?

Feeding Requirements

Open Animal

Pregnant

Prior to Birth

Nursing Highest Protein & Energy

Lowest Protein & Energy

Who has the high nutrient requirements ?

Sheep Feeding Facts

Copper - NEVER(toxic for sheep)

Sulfur - NEEDED for wool production