STIRLING ENGINE

HISTORYInventor = Robert Stirling

(1790 - 1878)Sought to replace the steam

turbines of his days due to frequent explosion caused by unsustainable high pressure killing and injuring workers

Invented Stirling engine in 1816 which could not explode and produce more power then th steam engine used.

WHAT IS STIRLING ENGINE ?

Device that converts heat energy to mechanical power by alternately compressing and expanding a fixed quantity of working fluid at different temperatures.

Regeneration as alternative.

WHY STIRLING ENGINE?

Best teaching and learning for any engineering students device especially in the field of thermodynamics.

Unique technology.An innovation with hundreds of application.An innovation with a mission to save the

earth.Fuel independency.

MAIN COMPONENTSPower piston – small tightly sealed piston that

moves up when the gas inside the engine expandsDisplacer – larger piston and it is very loose in its

cylinder so air can move easily between the heated cooled sections of the engine as the displacer moves up and down

These piston move by the action of compression and expansion.

Difference in pressure causes the piston to move and produce power.

COMMON CONFIGURATION

GAMMA MECHANICAL CONFUGURATION

WORKING PRINCIPLEI. One side of the engine is continuously heated

while the other side is continuously cooled.

II. First, the air moves to the hot side, where it is heated and it expands pushing up on a piston.

III. Then the air moves through the regenerator to the cold side, where it cools off and contracts pulling down on the piston.

IV. Temperature change inside the engine produces the pressure change needed to push on the piston and make the engine run.

EFFICIENCYTheoreticallyStirling engine efficiency = Carnot efficiencyUnfortunately working fluid or gas is not ideal this

causes the efficiency to be lower than Carnot efficiency.

In fact, Stirling engine efficiency depends onTemperature ratio (proportionally)Pressure ratio (inversely proportional)Specific heat ratio (inversely proportional)

ADVANTAGESVarious heat sources (solar, geothermal,

nuclear energy, waste heat, biological)Environmental friendly Heat is external and the burning of a fuel-air

mixture can be more accurately controlled.Operates at relatively low pressure and thus

are much safer than typical steam turbinesLess manpower needed to operate any type

of commercial Stirling engine.

APPLICATIONS Water pump stationsCombined heat and power plantSolar power generationStirling cyrocoolersHeat pumpMarine enginesNuclear powerAircraft enginesMicro CHP

APPLICATION

WATER PUMP STATION

A Stirling engine used for pumping water can be configured so that the water cools the compression space. This is most effective when pumping cold water.

APPLICATION

STIRLING CYROCOOLERSAny Stirling engine will also work in reverse as a

heat pump. When a motion is applied to the shaft, a temperature difference appears between the reservoirs.

NUCLEAR POWER Replacing the steam turbines of the nuclear power

plant with Stirling engine might simplify the plant, yield greater efficiency, and reduce the radioactivity by products.

CONCLUSION

Unlimited source of heat sourcePolitical awareness of green heat and power

production.Large market experiencing rapid growth.Many different possible applications.Time to change.