stereochemistry - uniurb.it · nc cn enantiomers and chirality oh ho cn the enantiomers a and b are...

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Stereochemistry Some compounds can exist as a pair of mirrorimage forms

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Page 1: stereochemistry - uniurb.it · NC CN Enantiomers and chirality OH HO CN the enantiomers A and B are formed in exactly equal amounts Enantiomers are structures that are not identical,

StereochemistrySome  compounds  can  exist  as  a  pair  of  mirror-­‐image  forms

Page 2: stereochemistry - uniurb.it · NC CN Enantiomers and chirality OH HO CN the enantiomers A and B are formed in exactly equal amounts Enantiomers are structures that are not identical,

Some  compounds  can  exist  as  a  pair  of  mirror-­‐image  forms

Page 3: stereochemistry - uniurb.it · NC CN Enantiomers and chirality OH HO CN the enantiomers A and B are formed in exactly equal amounts Enantiomers are structures that are not identical,

Some  compounds  can  exist  as  a  pair  of  mirror-­‐image  forms

Page 4: stereochemistry - uniurb.it · NC CN Enantiomers and chirality OH HO CN the enantiomers A and B are formed in exactly equal amounts Enantiomers are structures that are not identical,

Chiral  molecules  have  no  plane  of  symmetry

Page 5: stereochemistry - uniurb.it · NC CN Enantiomers and chirality OH HO CN the enantiomers A and B are formed in exactly equal amounts Enantiomers are structures that are not identical,

Stereogenic  centres

Page 6: stereochemistry - uniurb.it · NC CN Enantiomers and chirality OH HO CN the enantiomers A and B are formed in exactly equal amounts Enantiomers are structures that are not identical,

Stereogenic  centres

Page 7: stereochemistry - uniurb.it · NC CN Enantiomers and chirality OH HO CN the enantiomers A and B are formed in exactly equal amounts Enantiomers are structures that are not identical,

Many  chiral  molecules  are  present  in  nature  as  single  enan:omers

Page 8: stereochemistry - uniurb.it · NC CN Enantiomers and chirality OH HO CN the enantiomers A and B are formed in exactly equal amounts Enantiomers are structures that are not identical,

R  and  S  can  be  used  to  describe  the  confi  gura:on  of  a  chiral  centre

Is  there  a  chemical  difference  between  two  enan:omers?

Page 9: stereochemistry - uniurb.it · NC CN Enantiomers and chirality OH HO CN the enantiomers A and B are formed in exactly equal amounts Enantiomers are structures that are not identical,

The  rota:on  of  plane-­‐polarized  light  is  known  as  op:cal  ac:vity

Page 10: stereochemistry - uniurb.it · NC CN Enantiomers and chirality OH HO CN the enantiomers A and B are formed in exactly equal amounts Enantiomers are structures that are not identical,

Enan:omers  can  be  described  as  (+)  or  (–)

Enan:omers  can  be  described  as  D  or  L

Page 11: stereochemistry - uniurb.it · NC CN Enantiomers and chirality OH HO CN the enantiomers A and B are formed in exactly equal amounts Enantiomers are structures that are not identical,

Diastereoisomers  are  stereoisomers  that  are  not  enan:omers

Page 12: stereochemistry - uniurb.it · NC CN Enantiomers and chirality OH HO CN the enantiomers A and B are formed in exactly equal amounts Enantiomers are structures that are not identical,

Diastereoisomers  can  be  chiral  or  achiral

Page 13: stereochemistry - uniurb.it · NC CN Enantiomers and chirality OH HO CN the enantiomers A and B are formed in exactly equal amounts Enantiomers are structures that are not identical,

Absolute  and  rela:ve  stereochemistry

Page 14: stereochemistry - uniurb.it · NC CN Enantiomers and chirality OH HO CN the enantiomers A and B are formed in exactly equal amounts Enantiomers are structures that are not identical,

Diastereoisomers  can  arise  when  structures  have  more  than  one  stereogeniccentre

Page 15: stereochemistry - uniurb.it · NC CN Enantiomers and chirality OH HO CN the enantiomers A and B are formed in exactly equal amounts Enantiomers are structures that are not identical,

Diastereoisomers  can  arise  when  structures  have  more  than  one  stereogenic  centre

Page 16: stereochemistry - uniurb.it · NC CN Enantiomers and chirality OH HO CN the enantiomers A and B are formed in exactly equal amounts Enantiomers are structures that are not identical,

Why  only  usually?—achiral  compounds  with  more  than  one  stereogenic  centre

Page 17: stereochemistry - uniurb.it · NC CN Enantiomers and chirality OH HO CN the enantiomers A and B are formed in exactly equal amounts Enantiomers are structures that are not identical,

Inves:ga:ng  the  stereochemistry  of  a  compound

Page 18: stereochemistry - uniurb.it · NC CN Enantiomers and chirality OH HO CN the enantiomers A and B are formed in exactly equal amounts Enantiomers are structures that are not identical,

Chiral  compounds  with  no  stereogenic  centres

Page 19: stereochemistry - uniurb.it · NC CN Enantiomers and chirality OH HO CN the enantiomers A and B are formed in exactly equal amounts Enantiomers are structures that are not identical,

Axes  and  centres  of  symmetry

Page 20: stereochemistry - uniurb.it · NC CN Enantiomers and chirality OH HO CN the enantiomers A and B are formed in exactly equal amounts Enantiomers are structures that are not identical,

Axes  and  centres  of  symmetry

Page 21: stereochemistry - uniurb.it · NC CN Enantiomers and chirality OH HO CN the enantiomers A and B are formed in exactly equal amounts Enantiomers are structures that are not identical,

Separa:ng  enan:omers  is  called  resolu:on

Page 22: stereochemistry - uniurb.it · NC CN Enantiomers and chirality OH HO CN the enantiomers A and B are formed in exactly equal amounts Enantiomers are structures that are not identical,

Separa:ng  enan:omers  is  called  resolu:on

Page 23: stereochemistry - uniurb.it · NC CN Enantiomers and chirality OH HO CN the enantiomers A and B are formed in exactly equal amounts Enantiomers are structures that are not identical,

Resolu:ons  using  diastereoisomeric  salts

Page 24: stereochemistry - uniurb.it · NC CN Enantiomers and chirality OH HO CN the enantiomers A and B are formed in exactly equal amounts Enantiomers are structures that are not identical,

Resolu:ons  can  be  carried  out  by  chromatography  on  chiral  materials