step-by-step guide on risk management for the marine industry

Step-by-Step Guide on Risk Management

For Marine Industries

Legends

ObjectivesRisk Management RegulationsOverview of Risk ManagementRoles and Responsibilities

Risk Management Process

References

Contents

Note: Please click ( ) on the individual tab for more information

Risk Management (RM) Leader RM Members RM Team

RA TeamRisk Assessment (RA)

Leader RA Members

Samples Forms Video Clips

Legends

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• This Guide aims to provide basic guidance in implementing risk management (RM) at workplaces.

• Potential incidents can be prevented when hazards are identified and risks are managed.

Objectives


• The WSH (Risk Management) Regulations is one of the key components of the Workplace Safety and Health (WSH) Act.

• Under the Regulations, all workplaces are required to conduct risk assessments for routine and non-routine work.

Risk Management Regulations


Risk Management involves • identifying and analysing safety and health

hazards associated with work;• assessing the risks involved; • prioritising measures to control the hazards

and reduce the risks;• controlling and monitoring the risks; and • communicating these risks to all affected

persons.

Overview of Risk Management


Roles and Responsibilities

Employer

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Roles and Responsibilities of an Employer TASK DETAILS Risk Control

Measures (RCM)

Require all reasonably practicable steps to be taken to eliminate/minimize any foreseeable risk

Require RCM to be implemented according to the hierarchy of control

Support the implementation of RCM Risk Register Require Risk Register to be updated and available

at all time RA Records Ensure RA records are kept for 3 years from the

approval date Contractors /

suppliers Require contractors / suppliers to conduct RA and

implement risk control measures for work carried out by them at the workplace

Employer

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Manager

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Roles and Responsibilities of a Manager TASK DETAILS Risk Control

Measures (RCM)

Prepare an action plan to implement RCM Ensure RCM are carried out and monitor their

effectiveness Ensure safe work procedures (SWP) are available

for all operations and implemented Review RA if the RCM are inadequate and

ineffective Risk Register Ensure risk register is updated and available at all

time

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Manager

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Manager

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Human Resource Manager

1In the absence of a Human Resource Manager in the organisation, the equivalent person undertaking such a work profile of the Human Resource Manager should execute the duties mentioned above

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Human Resource Manager

Roles and Responsibilities of an Employee TASK DETAILS Risk

Assessment (RA)

Understand the hazards and possible injury / ill-health for carrying out activities assigned to him

Risk Control Measures (RCM)

Comply with all risk control measures Adhere to safe work procedures established at the

workplace Communicatio

n Inform Manager of :- new hazards / risks and ways to reduce hazards /

risks, or - any shortcomings in the safe work procedures or

risk control measures Report any unsafe behaviour of other workers


Employee

I. Must be Available upon RequestII.Kept for at least 3 years Record-keeping

I. Form TeamII.Gather Relevant Information III.Identify Tasks of Each Process

Preparation

I. Obtain Employer / Management Approval

II. Implement Control Measures III. Communicate the Hazards and their

Controls IV.Audit / Regular Inspections

Implementation

I. Hazard IdentificationII.Risk EvaluationIII.Risk Control

Risk Assessment

Risk Management Process

1

2

3

4

15/50I. Review RA on a Regular Basis Review5

Comm

unicate

I. Form TeamA. Appointment of RM TeamA1. Employer to: • Appoint a RM Leader• Appoint RM Members• Ensure RM Team is trained and competent in risk

management • Engage RM Consultant to assist RM Team if further assistance

is required

I. Form TeamII.Identify Tasks of Each

Process III.Gather Relevant

Information

Preparation1

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A2. Prerequisite and Roles of a:

Prerequisite• Senior member of the

workplace• Good knowledge of work

activities • Competent in RM • Attended a RM course

Roles • Lead and coordinate RM

implementation• Provide RA updates and risk

control measures to employer• Obtain approval from Employer

/ Manager for the implementation of risk control measures

RM Lead

er



Information

Preparation1

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Information

Preparation1

Prerequisite• Good knowledge of work

activities • Competent in RM • Attended a RM course

RM MembersA3. Prerequisite and Composition

of :

18/50



Information

Preparation1

A4. Main Function of RM Team:

RM Leader

RM Members19/50



Information

Preparation1

B. Appointment of RA TeamB1. RM Team to: • Appoint RA Leaders among the RM Members • Assist RA Leaders if further assistance is needed

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Information

Preparation1

B2. Prerequisite and Roles of a :

Prerequisite• A member of RM Team

Roles • Form RA Team• Lead and co-ordinate RA

implementation• Provide update to RM Team on

RA implementation and risk control measures

RA Lead

er

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Information

Preparation1

RA Membe

rs

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Prerequisite• Good knowledge of the work

activities

Composition• Comprise staff/workers

involved in the work, as well as contractors, suppliers and other persons who are familiar with the work

B3. Prerequisite and Composition of :



Information

Preparation1

Function• Conduct RA within the areas

assigned by RM Team • Determine if the hazards could

bring harm beyond their work area

• Prepare Inventory of Work Activities

RA Leader

RA Members

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B4. Main Function of RA Team

Note: A RM Member is not necessary a RA Leader



Information

Preparation1Relationship between RM Team and RA Team

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RA Team

RM Team

RA Team

RA Leader who is

also a RM Member

RA Leader who is also a RM Member



Information

Preparation1

II. Identify Tasks of Each ProcessA. RM Team to set RA scope • Divide the workplace into few a distinct areas • Assign RA Team for each distinct area

B. RA Team to prepare Inventory of Work Activity (IWA)• Prepare IWA form for area(s) assigned by RM Team • IWA form to include activity inventory, location, process

and activity

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III.Gather Relevant Information A. RM Team to gather information related to RM scoping : • Workplace layout plan• Process or work flowchart• List of work activities in the process



Information

Preparation1

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Information

Preparation1

Note: The above information ONLY serve as a guide 27/50

B. RA Teams to gather information on RA process :• List of tools, machinery and chemicals used• Records of past incidents & accidents• Observations, interviews and feedback on WSH related matters • WSH inspection records and audit reports • Manufacturer’s instruction manual including safety data sheets • Relevant legislation, Codes of Practice and specifications• Details of existing risk control measures • Safe work procedures • Copies of previous RA• Medical conditions (e.g. allergy) of workers • Past training records of employees


Risk

Assessment2

Risk Assessment is a process of : • Identifying and analysing safety and health hazards

associated with work; • Assessing the risks involved; and• Prioritising measures to control the hazards and reduce

the risks

Risk Assessment must be available for all work activities

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I. Hazard Identification A. What is a Hazard ? • Anything, any source or any situation with the

potential to cause bodily injury or ill-health


Risk

Assessment2

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B. How to Identify Hazard? B1. RA Leader to determine ways to identify hazards• brainstorming• process reviewB2. RA Team to determine sources of hazards• physical • mechanical • electricalB3. RA Team to consider if the hazards could cause harm

beyond their immediate area of work


Risk

Assessment2

• chemical • biological• psychosocial

• process hazard analysis• job observations & job safety

analysis

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B. How to Identify Hazard? B4. Organisational Culture and Personal Risk Factors• RA should consider organisational culture and personal

risk factors that could compromise employees’ work ability and safety (e.g., decreased mental alertness, fatigue, loss of concentration).

• Risk control measures can be implemented to take into account varying perceptions and behaviour.

• Examples of Work Organisation Factors:– excessive workload– prolonged working hours


Risk

Assessment2

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– lack of adequate training– inadequate

acclimatisation to hot work environments

B. How to Identify Hazard? • Examples of Individual Health Risk Factors:

– health risks uncovered from medical examinations

– individual susceptibility to certain health risks

– smoking as a risk factor for many diseases– health effects of alcohol misuse


Risk

Assessment2

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C. How to Identify Risk?C1. List all work activities from the Inventory of Work

Activities (IWA) form in the ‘Sub-Activity’ column


Risk

Assessment2

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C2. List all hazards for each work activity in the ‘Hazard’ column


Risk

Assessment2

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Risk

Assessment2

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C3. List all possible injuries / ill-health in the ‘Possible Injury /

Ill-health’ column

II. Risk Evaluation A. What is a Risk? • The likelihood that a hazard will cause a specific

bodily injury to any person


Risk

Assessment2

36/50


Risk

Assessment2

B. How to Evaluate Risk? B1. List all existing control measures for each injury / ill-

health in the ‘Existing Risk Controls’ column

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Risk

Assessment2

B2. Rate the most likely severity outcome of the injury in the ‘S’ column B3. Rate the likelihood that the hazard may cause the injury/ill-health in

the ‘L’ column B4. Multiply the ‘S’ and ‘L’ columns in the Risk Prioritisation Number

(RPN) column

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Risk

Assessment2

B5. Compare the ‘RPN’ against the Risk MatrixB6. RA Team to take action according to the recommended

actions based on the current risk level

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Risk Evaluation based on Code of Practice on Risk Management (1 of 2)


Risk

Assessment2

A guide to severity rating

A guide to likelihood rating

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Risk Evaluation based on Code of Practice on Risk Management (2 of 2)


Risk

Assessment2

5x5 Risk matrix with numeric ratings

Recommended action for risk levels

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Risk Evaluation for Health Hazards• Estimate employees’ exposure to health hazards

where appropriate via established qualitative or quantitative assessments

• Compare exposure estimates to established Permissible Exposure Level (PEL) or other health standards to establish likelihood of ill-health effects

• Consider relevant risk factors (see slides 43 and 44)• Consider other factors such as potential cumulative

exposure and synergistic effects, where applicable


Risk

Assessment2

42/50

Risk Factors of Health Hazards (1 of 2)


Risk

Assessment2

43/50

Risk Factors of Health Hazards (2 of 2)


Risk

Assessment2

44/50

III.Risk Control A. What is Additional Risk Control? • To eliminate, reduce or confine the risk to an

acceptable level


Risk

Assessment2

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B. How to Control Risk?


Risk

Assessment2

B1. Consider more effective measures in the hierarchy of control

ELIMINATION

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

SUBSTITUTION

ENGINEERING CONTROLS

ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS

Most Effectiv

e

Least Effectiv

e

Change the Work Process

Provide Hearing Protectors

Replace Metal Gears with Pulley with Belt

Implement Noisy Machine Enclosure

Implement Work Rotation

Hierarchy of Control Examples for Noise Control 46/50


Risk

Assessment2

B2. List all possible controls in the ‘Additional Controls’ column

B3. Re-evaluate severity ‘S’, likelihood ‘L’ and ‘RPN’ scores

Existing risk level

New risk level (Note: New risk level should not be higher after the additional controls)

47/50


Risk

Assessment2

B4. Identify specific person to lead the implementation of additional controls and due date

B5. Record due-date for implementation

B6. Implementation person to provide progress updates to RA Team

48/50


II. Communicate the Hazards and their Controls

III. Implement Control Measures

IV.Audit / Regular InspectionsV. Review RA on a Regular

Basis

I. Obtain Employer / Management Approval Manager to :

• Approve RA form• Prepare an action plan to implement the measures• Implement the recommended risk control measures • Monitor the action plan

Implementatio

n and Review

3

49/50





Basis

Implementatio

n and Review

3

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II. Communicate the Hazards and their Controls Manager to Inform All Persons Exposed to the Risk about :• The nature of risks

• Any measures / safe work procedures implemented

• Means to minimise / eliminate the risks

Examples of Communication Channel : • Toolbox meeting / briefing before the start of any work• Video tools

Shipyard Safety Animation Safety in Confined Spaces Managing Heat Stress • Other useful resources

Marine Industries Case Studies





Basis

Implementatio

n and Review

3

51/50





Basis

Implementatio

n and Review

3

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III. Implement Control Measures Manager to :

• Implement risk control measures

• Ensure an action plan is available, monitored and implemented (including timeline and person in charge)

• Ensure risk control measures are implemented and effective





Basis

Implementatio

n and Review

3

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IV. Audit / Regular Inspections Manager to : • Ensure regular inspection and audits are carried out so

that the risk control measures are implemented and effective





Basis

Implementatio

n and Review

3

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V. Review RA on a Regular Basis Manager to : • Review / Revise RA at least once every 3 years, or

after an incident, near miss or dangerous occurrence; a significant change in the work processes, facilities,

work practices or work procedures, or change in workplace condition and layout (e.g.: introduction of new machinery, or chemicals or raw materials); or

new information on WSH risk

I. Must be Available upon Request

II.Keep for at least 3 years Record-keeping4

I. RA Records Must be Available upon Request Manager to :• Ensure RA records to be readily available upon request• RA records include: RA forms RA Register Risk control measures records Safe work procedures Training records

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II. Keep RA Records for at least 3 years Manager to :• Keep all RA records for at least 3 years

I. Must be Available upon Request

II.Keep for at least 3 years Record-keeping4


• Workplace Safety and Health Act • Workplace Safety and Health

(Risk Management) Regulations• Code of Practice on Workplace Safety

and Health (WSH) Risk Management • Workplace Safety and Health Council

http://www.wshc.sg • Ministry of Manpower

http://www.mom.gov.sg

References


step-by-step guide on risk management for the marine industry

Documents