status of km3net (detector design optimisations) christopher naumann, cea saclay – irfu / spp for...
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Status of KM3NeTStatus of KM3NeT(Detector Design Optimisations)(Detector Design Optimisations)
Status of KM3NeTStatus of KM3NeT(Detector Design Optimisations)(Detector Design Optimisations)
Christopher Naumann,Christopher Naumann,
CEA Saclay – IRFU / SPPCEA Saclay – IRFU / SPPfor the KM3NeT consortiumfor the KM3NeT consortium
4444thth Reconcontres de Moriond, Reconcontres de Moriond, La Thuile, Italy , 1La Thuile, Italy , 1stst-8-8thth February 2009 February 2009
"Status of KM3NeT Design Optimisations", 44th Recontres de Moriond, 2/2009 - Christopher Lindsay NaumannCEA DSM Irfu 2
Physics Motivation: Neutrinos from Astrophysical SourcesPhysics Motivation: Neutrinos from Astrophysical Sources
•TeV neutrinos by-product in cosmic accelerators:TeV neutrinos by-product in cosmic accelerators:
Gamma Ray Bursts
• “smoking gun” for hadronic acceleration
• probe for hidden sources: no magnetic deflection, (nearly) no absorption
new window to astrophysics!
supernova remnants
Active galacticnuclei (AGN)
p/A + p/ + ...
e e
"Status of KM3NeT Design Optimisations", 44th Recontres de Moriond, 2/2009 - Christopher Lindsay NaumannCEA DSM Irfu 3
Existing Neutrino TelescopesExisting Neutrino Telescopes
Lake Baikal Lake Baikal, Siberia:
• Baikal Deep Underwater Neutrino Telescope (1993+)
South Pole:
• AMANDA (1996+)
• IceCube (2005+)under construction,first km3 size detector
Mediterranean:
• ANTARES (completed summer 2008)
• R&D project NEMO, NESTOR
• no km3 sized detector in the North !
South Pole
Mediterranean
"Status of KM3NeT Design Optimisations", 44th Recontres de Moriond, 2/2009 - Christopher Lindsay NaumannCEA DSM Irfu 4
KM3NeT – a kmKM3NeT – a km33 neutrino telescope in the Mediterranean neutrino telescope in the Mediterranean
Consortium of Consortium of ~~40 laboratories from 10 European countries40 laboratories from 10 European countries
Combines Mediterranean projects ANTARES, NEMO and NESTOR Combines Mediterranean projects ANTARES, NEMO and NESTOR
neutrino astronomy on a new scaleneutrino astronomy on a new scale + earth and sea science + earth and sea science
– Design Study (2006-2009): “develop adevelop a cost-effective designdesign for the construction of a 1 km3 neutrino telescope”
– Preparatory Phase (2008-2011): “prepararationprepararation for constructionconstruction by defining the legal, financial and governance issues, as well as the pre-pre-productionproduction of the telescope componentstelescope components”
co-financed by E.U. (FP6 and FP7)
"Status of KM3NeT Design Optimisations", 44th Recontres de Moriond, 2/2009 - Christopher Lindsay NaumannCEA DSM Irfu 5
The KM3NeT siteThe KM3NeT site
ToulonToulon
Capo PasseroCapo Passero
PylosPylos
candidate sitesthree candidate sites in the
Mediterranean
depth 2500-5500 m
different water properties
decision pending
sky coverage > 2 sr
complementary to IceCube (but overlap)
Galactic centre
HESS sources
KM3NeT
"Status of KM3NeT Design Optimisations", 44th Recontres de Moriond, 2/2009 - Christopher Lindsay NaumannCEA DSM Irfu 6
KM3NeT – Design GoalsKM3NeT – Design Goals
complementary to IceCube and with complementary to IceCube and with improved physics improved physics sensitivitysensitivity
−angular resolution 0.1° above 30TeV angular resolution 0.1° above 30TeV − focus energy range 1 TeV – 1 PeVfocus energy range 1 TeV – 1 PeV−good muon background suppressiongood muon background suppression
design goals and technical options formulated in CDR www.km3net.org/CDR/CDR-KM3NeT.pdf
need O(10need O(1044) optical modules, instrumented ) optical modules, instrumented volume O(1kmvolume O(1km33) () (~~50 × ANTARES50 × ANTARES).).
physics simulation information tech.
hardware development risk assessment
deep sea infrastructure associated science
management …
ISB
N 9
78-90-6488-03
1-5
"Status of KM3NeT Design Optimisations", 44th Recontres de Moriond, 2/2009 - Christopher Lindsay NaumannCEA DSM Irfu 7
42°sea floor
interaction
Cherenkovlight from
3D PMT array
reconstruct muon (neutrino) trajectory from position and timing of hits
Neutrino Telescope: Detection PrincipleNeutrino Telescope: Detection Principle
efficiency and quality depend strongly on PMT distribution !
"Status of KM3NeT Design Optimisations", 44th Recontres de Moriond, 2/2009 - Christopher Lindsay NaumannCEA DSM Irfu 8
Geometry optimisation studiesGeometry optimisation studies
Detector optimisation: a multidimensional problem !
find detector which is…
1. optimised for physics goals
2. technically and financially feasible
3. can be built on short time scale!
− ”physics”: neutrinos, atmospheric , optical background
− “hardware”: detector characteristics, water properties
use return of experience from ANTARES, NEMO and NESTOR!
sea floor layout
type of detection units
detector site (water properties, depth)
trigger, reconstruction
readout
data flow
…
"Status of KM3NeT Design Optimisations", 44th Recontres de Moriond, 2/2009 - Christopher Lindsay NaumannCEA DSM Irfu 9
Optimisation: Possible detector layoutsOptimisation: Possible detector layouts
• square / hexagonal grids, rings, clusters
• large range of horizontal and vertical distances
−None ideal for all energies and directionsNone ideal for all energies and directions
−optimum distances optimum distances energy range, site energy range, site
optimisation ongoing !
"Status of KM3NeT Design Optimisations", 44th Recontres de Moriond, 2/2009 - Christopher Lindsay NaumannCEA DSM Irfu 10
Optimisation: Detection UnitsOptimisation: Detection Units
investigate different types of detection units:
• “strings” (1D) or “towers” (3D)
• single large or many small PMTs
• directional PMTs, hybrid photodetectors,…
multi-PMT directional PMT
large PMT
cable, multi-PMT3D tower
string, 10” PMTs
~10m (schematic)
hybrid PD
→ affect detector characteristics!
→ included in simulation
"Status of KM3NeT Design Optimisations", 44th Recontres de Moriond, 2/2009 - Christopher Lindsay NaumannCEA DSM Irfu 11
Example results: Reference detector (CDR)Example results: Reference detector (CDR)
Geometry: “string type”
• 15 x 15 strings, rectangular grid, horizontal distances 95 m
• 37 storeys, distance 15.5m
• storey: single OM with 21 3’’ PMTs
neutrino effective area (defines event rate)
~30 × ANTARES !~30 × ANTARES !
representative detector designbasis for sensitivity studies
NOT the final KM3NeT design!
O(102) m2 E ≥ 100TeV
2×10-1 m2 at 1 TeV
ANTARES
simulationkm3
"Status of KM3NeT Design Optimisations", 44th Recontres de Moriond, 2/2009 - Christopher Lindsay NaumannCEA DSM Irfu 12
Point source limits, reference detectorPoint source limits, reference detector
limits better than ANTARES and IceCube:better angular resolution and larger photocathode area
within reach of model predictions for several known CR sources !
preliminarypreliminary!
point source limits:
• source flux E-2
• background:atmospheric only
• 90 % CL
• Tmeas = 1 yearx 30
"Status of KM3NeT Design Optimisations", 44th Recontres de Moriond, 2/2009 - Christopher Lindsay NaumannCEA DSM Irfu 13
Diffuse fluxes, reference detectorDiffuse fluxes, reference detector
~ factor 10 below Waxman-Bahcall bound
reach area interesting for neutrino searches!
KM3NeT
W-B
IceCubeIceCube
ANTARESANTARES
atmospheric flux (Bartol)diffuse flux sensitivity:
• spectrum E-2
• only CC
• MC energy
"Status of KM3NeT Design Optimisations", 44th Recontres de Moriond, 2/2009 - Christopher Lindsay NaumannCEA DSM Irfu 14
Dark matter sensitivity (Dark matter sensitivity (reference detector)reference detector)
Detectability:
- Blue: ANTARES
- Green: KM3NeT
- Red: None of them
preliminary values, need for further optimisation !
Scan of mSUGRAparameter space
Focus on pointscompatible withWMAP data
significant increase over ANTARES sensitivity
"Status of KM3NeT Design Optimisations", 44th Recontres de Moriond, 2/2009 - Christopher Lindsay NaumannCEA DSM Irfu 15
Conclusions and OutlookConclusions and Outlook
• KM3NeT consortium in the process of designing a kmKM3NeT consortium in the process of designing a km33 size detector for the Mediterraneansize detector for the Mediterranean
• large number of options for layout and technology studied, large number of options for layout and technology studied, narrowing parameter space downnarrowing parameter space down
• first values for sensitivity (non-optimised)first values for sensitivity (non-optimised) Conceptual Design Report ready (April 2008)Conceptual Design Report ready (April 2008)
• Next step: Finalisation of storey and detector layoutNext step: Finalisation of storey and detector layoutTechnical Design Report (TDR) end of 2009Technical Design Report (TDR) end of 2009
• construction of working prototypesconstruction of working prototypes• Start of construction foreseen 2011Start of construction foreseen 2011
Thank you !