Status of Applying Nanotechnology in Food in Taiwan

An-I Yeh, Professor & DirectorLucy Sun Hwang, Professor

Graduate Institute of Food Science & TechnologyNational Taiwan University

IFT International Food Nanoscience

ConferenceAugust 1, 2007

Zyga, Lisa February 17, 2006PhysOrg.comAccessed on Dec. 7, 2006

Cheng et al., 2006Nanotechnology 17:1359-1362.

Lotus Effect

Pathway of Digestion and Absorption

(Anonym 1985)Newton 2(10):72

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Logo for NanoIndustrial Bureau

Products: nano photo-catalysis, nano coating and related products, currently there are about 100 products registered as nano products. Not applicable to food.

Launched on Nov. 12, 2004

Food Industry Applications in Taiwan

Products Features Company

Minerals

Selenium Enhancement of bioactivity (20 –

60 nm)

Uni-President Group.

CalciumIron

Nutrient delivery system (super emulsion by Taiyo Kagaku.) ~ 33 nmUtilized in milk, milk powder for enhancement of absorption.

Uni-President Group.Wei Chuan Corp.

Food Industry Applications in Taiwan

Product Features CompanyChinese herbsGanoderma lucidum Enhancement of absorption

(5~8 μm) (Super Micro Powder)

Formosa Kingstone

Bioproducts

Int’l Corp.

Mycelia of

Ganoderma lucidum

24% increase in active compounds i.e. polysaccharides, terpenes

(100~300 nm)

Taiwan Sugar Co.

Cordyceps sinensis 11% increase in nutrients (500 ~ 700 nm)

Taiwan Sugar Co.

Green teaAntrodia cinnamomea

Enhancement of absorptionAbout 500 nm(High capacity Super Micro Powder)

CJK-NANO HSMP Co.

Ganoderma spp.

Front view Back view

Physiological functions of Ganoderma lucidum

Component Function ReferencesPolysaccharides(β-Glucan)m.w. 0.4~1 × 106

daltons

Antitumor Chang and Lu, 2004; Usui

and others, 1983

Su, 1991; Su and others, 1997

Hetero-polysaccharide

of xylose, mannose, galactose

or uronic

acid

Immunity Chen and others 1995; Lieu and others 1992; Wang and others 1997

Triterpenes(such as ganoderic

acids, lucidenic

acids, & ganodermic

acids)

Liver protection Su, 1991Kim and Kim, 1999; Ma and others, 2002; Shiao, 2003

Triterpenes Reduce blood pressure and triglycerides

Kabir

and others 1988; Kohda

and others 1985; Rhee and Lee, 1990; Yen and Wu ,1999

Cordyceps sinensis(Winter worm summer grass)

Consisting of amino acid, cordycepic acid, cordyceps polysaccharides, β- glucan, cordycepin, vitamines, and minerals.

Physiological Functions of Cordyceps sinensis

Considered to have the followings functions:

To improve physique, particularly for constitutional infirmity, children, and senior citizens.

To restore energy and to improve the endurance

To increase the secretion of sex hormone, for male: improve the sexuality, for female: minimize the menopause syndrome

To increase the activity of super-oxide dismutase, thus reduces the formation of free radical.

Antrodia cinnamomea (AC)

It is well-known in Taiwan as a traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of food and drug intoxications, diarrhea, abdominal pain, hypertension, skin itching, and liver cancer.

(Tsai and Liaw

1982)

Physiological functions of Antrodia cinnamomeaMycelia Anticancer

Liu et al., 2004, Nakamura et al., 2004, Song et al., 2005a, Song et al., 2005b

Liver protectionSong et al., 2003, Hsiao et al., 2003, Dai et al., 2003

ImmunomodulationLu et al., 2002

Hypoglycemic

activityTsai et al., 2002

Antioxidant and free radical

scavengerHseu

et al., 2002, Song et al., 2002, Mau et al., 2002, Mau et al., 2003

AntivirusLee et al., 2002, Huang et al., 2003

NeuroprotectionHuang et al., 2005

Anti-angiogenic

activityCheng et al., 2005

Anti-inflammatory activityShen

et al., 2004

Filtrate of broth

Anticancer Hseu

et al., 2004Liver protection

Sheen et al., 2001, Sheen et al., 2002, Sheen et al., 2003

Antioxidant and free radical

scavengerSong et al., 2002

Fruiting body

AnticancerHsu et al., 2005

ImmunomodulationShen

et al., 2003

Research Activities in AcademiaChinese herbs

Project title UniversityThe preparation and characterization of nanoparticles from Ganoderma fruit bodies

National Taiwan University

Study on the preparation and characterization of chitosan-monascus

nanoparticlesNational Taiwan Ocean University

Preparation of discorea-chitosan

nanoparticles and their antioxidative effect on skin fiberblast

cells

National Taiwan Ocean University

The inhibitory effects of micro-

and nano-grade lycopene

on the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of malignant breast cancer cells

Fu-Jen Catholic University

Nanonization on the content and bioavailability of active compounds from Salvia miltiorrhiza

National Formosa University

Data resource: Science & Technology Policy Research & Information Centerhttp://sticnet.stic.gov.tw/sticweb/html/index.htm

Research Activities in AcademiaPhysiological effects

Project title UniversityApplication of the nanotechnology to improve the physicochemical properties and physiological functions

of pomace

fibers

National Chung Hsing University

Growth and differentiation

of cells on novel biometrics of well-defined nano-collagen fibers

National Yang Ming University

Effects of nano-particle on lung function

and gene expression of rats

National Yang Ming University

Chitosan nanoparticles as drug delivery system on the permeability

of cellsNational Taiwan Ocean University

Pharmacokinetic studies on absorption

of micro-

and nanocapsulated lycopene in a mimic gastrointestinal system

Fu-Jen Catholic University

Research Activities in AcademiaMethodology

Project title UniversityPreparation and properties of nano edible cellulose materials

National Taiwan University

Studies on preparation of nano-eggshell powder and properties of its products

National Chiayi

University

Preparation and characterization of chitosan nanoparticles

Da-Yeh

University

Studies on preparation of nano-collagen and properties of its products

Da-Yeh

University

A study of setting the optimal parameters in a nano-particle milling process

National Yunlin

University of Science and Technology

Research Activities in AcademiaApplications

Project title UniversityDeveloping novel function of tea melanin

using nanotechnology

National Chiao

Tung University

The production technology of yam yoghurt

with function on the prevention of bone loss

National Taiwan Ocean University

Preparation of Ganoderma nano-particles cosmetics

Providence University

Development and application of nanosized

chitosan for fruits preservation

Yuanpei

Technology College

Preparation and application of surface-modified superparamagnetic

nanoparticles for enzyme immobilization

and enzyme separation

Southern Taiwan University of Technology

Degrading methanol content in fermented fruit wine

and increase cloud stability by nano-

processing technique and pectin esterase inhibitor

National Kaohsiung Institute of Marine Technology

Media Milling

Media Milled

Ganoderma taugae

Nano Particle from Ganoderma taugaeParticle size distribution

Characterization of Medium Milled

Ganoderma taugae

Effects of Hot Water Extract and Milled Product from Ganoderma on Viability of Hep 3B hepatoma cells

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 200 400 600 800 1000Concentration (μ g/mL)

Cell

viab

ility

(% o

f con

trol)

hot water extract

milling with 0.2 mm bead

Media Milled Yam

MTT for Human Skin Fibroblast WS1 –(24hr)

cell viability

0

50

100

150

200

250

0.125mg/ml 0.25mg/ml 0.5mg/ml 1mg/ml

sample concentration

cell

viab

ility

, % nano-0.3mmmethanolethanolcold water extract

Collagen Production of Human Skin Fibroblast WS1 –(24hr)

control

collagen

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

control 125 250 500 1000

sample concentration (μ g/ml)

colla

gen

prod

uctio

n (m

icro

gram

)

nano-0.3mmmethanolethanolcold water extract

Summary

1.Chinese herbs are the major raw materials for applying nanotechnology in food industry in Taiwan.

2.Nano/submicron particles are believed to enhance absorption.

3.Media milling appears to be a good tool for preparing nano/submicron particles in commercial scale.

National Taiwan University

Ying-Sheng

Lin, Shih Hsing

Chen, Lung-Hsuan

Chiang