States of Matter

Chapter 3

Use the notes outline and add in any additional

notes.

Are you prepared?

What are the phases of matter?

Solid, Liquid, Gas/Vapor, PlasmaTime for a song?

Section 1: Matter and Energy

What does ENERGY have to do with these phases?

…As energy is added to matter, molecules move more quickly and become more independent of each other.

Section 1: Matter and Energy

1) Matter is made of tiny particles.2) These particles are in constant motion.

3) The particles are called atoms and molecules.

Kinetic Theory of Matter:

Energy of _________…motion

Kinetic Energy (review)

Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles.

The temperature of a bowl of hot water represents the _____ kinetic energy of the particles involved.

…average

Kinetic Energy

Thermal energy represents the _____ of ALL of the particles’ kinetic energies.

…total (sum)

Thermal Energy

The higher the temperature of the substance, the _____ the particles move.

… fasterAt the same temperature, more massive particles move _____ than less massive particles.

…slower

More Kinetic Theory points!

As the kinetic energy of particles increases, the temperature also increases.

This is a DIRECT relationship.OR

How do temperature and kinetic energy relate?

Air molecules are moving more quickly due to the energy from the sun’s rays.

This energy is transferred to the atoms of mercury in the thermometer.

The atoms of mercury move apart (expand) and move up the column.

On a hot day, explain what is causing the thermometer to rise throughout the day.

Attractive Forces…

The _____ forces found _____ neighboring molecules.

… weak … between

Also called ____- molecular forces… inter

Attractive Forces…

In solids, attractive forces are the ______.

… strongestIn gases, attractive forces are the ______.

… weakest

Attractive Forces…

Also called _________…Phases of

Matter

States of Matter

Solids have definite ____ and _____.… shape … volume

The particles of a substance in its solid form have the ____ energy and the ____ attractive forces.

…lowest …strongest

Solids

Liquids can change ____ but not ____.…shape …volume

The particles of a substance in its liquid form have ____ energy and _____ attractive forces.

…medium …medium-strength

Liquids

Gases can change both ____ and ____.

… shape …volumeThe particles of a substance in its gaseous form have the ____ energy and the ____ attractive forces.

…highest …weakest

Gases

Super-heated gases_______ attractive forces

…Even weaker________ energy particles

…Even higher

Plasma

Drawing Phases

E.C. :

Why is a gas sometimes called a “vapor”?

Phase changes that ______ energy are considered endothermic.

…requireEnergy is added.Molecules move around MORE.What phase changes REQUIRE energy?

Boiling, melting, evaporating, subliming

Endothermic

S LL GL VS GWhy are some gases called vapors?

What is the difference between a gas and a vapor?

Endothermic Change of State

Phase changes that ______ energy are considered exothermic.

…give offEnergy is released.Molecules slow down.What phase changes GIVE OFF or RELEASE energy?

Condensation and freezing

Exothermic

V LG LL SForced L SG S

Exothermic Changes of State

Changes of State

What is SUBLIMATION?Dry ice sublimates.

It is frozen carbon dioxide gas.At room temperature, the frozen gas immediately changes back into a gas.

It SKIPS the liquid phase!

Another Diagram

Energy cannot be created or destroyed.

It can only be converted from one form to another.

Law of Conservation of Energy

Matter cannot be created or destroyed.

It can only change forms.

Law of Conservation of Matter