States of Matter

2.1 Three States of Matter________________- These are physical forms in which a

substance can exist. Let’s use water as an example.Solid water is called _____. Liquid water is called __________. Gaseous water is called ___________________________.

Particles of MatterMatter is made up of tiny particles called _______ and

_________. These particles can only be seen with a very powerful microscope. Atoms and molecules are always ___________________________into each other.

SolidsSolid- particles are packed _____________and can

only ___________. All solids have a __________ shape and volume.

Two types of solids:Crystalline- These solids have an ________

arrangement of particles in a repeating pattern.Examples include

_______________________________.

Amorphous- These solids ___________have a special arrangement. Examples include

_______________________________.

LiquidsLiquid- particles are ____________, but they have

enough room to _____________________________. Liquids have a ________ volume but they take the

shape of the _________.

Liquids have several properties that make them unique.Surface tension- A force that acts on the

particles at the _______________________. This causes some particles to form

_______ drops like beads. Water has a _____ surface tension while

rubbing alcohol has a ____ surface tension.

Viscosity- ____________________. The stronger the attractions between the molecules, the ________________. Honey has a ______ viscosity. Water has a _____ viscosity.

GasGas- particles are far

apart and move _____ _________. Gases do not have a

___________ shape or a ___________ volume.

They fill the container.

 

2.2 Behavior of GasesDescribing Gas Behavior

Gases behave differently from ____________________.Gases have large amounts of _____________between

molecules.

Temperature of GasesTemperature is a measure of how ______ the

particles in an object are ____________.On a hot day, particles move _______ and hit the

inside walls of a balloon _______. Thus, ________________ and pushing on the walls.

On a cold day, particles have ___________. They do not push very hard on the walls of the balloon.

VolumeVolume

_______________________________________.Particles of a gas spread out so the volume of

any gas depends on the ____________ that the gas is in.

PressurePressure is the amount of force

___________________ ______________. This is the ________________the particles of a gas

hit the inside of their container.

•If you compare a basketball and a beach ball, you will notice the basketball is very _____. It has a greater __________. •The beach ball has a much lower pressure.

Gas Behavior LawsScientists found that temperature, pressure,

and volume of a ____________. Changing one of the factors will _____________________________.____________-Robert Boyle discovered if you

have a fixed amount of gas at a constant temperature, the volume of the gas is __________ related to the pressure. If you increase the pressure, then you will ____________ the _________ by the same amount.

Gas Behavior Laws____________-If you have a fixed amount of gas

at a constant pressure, the volume of the gas will be ________ related to the temperature. If the temperature ________, the volume will _______ by the same amount.

Gas Behavior Laws____________-If you have a fixed amount of gas

at a constant volume, the pressure of the gas will be ________ related to the temperature. If the temperature ________, the pressure will _______ by the same amount.

Gas Behavior LawsTemperature Pressure Volume

Boyle

_______________ ↑ ↓_______________ ↓ ↑

Charles↑ _______________ ↑

↓ _______________ ↓

Guy - Lussac

↑ ↑ ______________

↓ ↓ ______________

2.3 Changes in StateChange of state- The change of a substance from one

_____________________ALL STATE CHANGES ARE __________________________.

Particles of a substance _________________________depending on the state of the substance.

Particles have different amounts of energy in different states.Solids - Liquids – Gases – YOU MUST __________________ENERGY TO CHANGE

STATES.

Changes in State1. Melting2. Freezing3. Vaporization

(evaporation)4. Condensation5. Sublimation6. Deposition

Melting: Solid to LiquidMelting- change in state from _______________.

Adding energy to ice ____________ its temperature. As the temperature increases, the ______________________________.

When a certain temperature is reached (0°C) the _______________

_________-The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid. Melting point is a _________ property. Different substances have different ___________ points.

Melting is endothermic- _________________________________ ______________

Freezing: Liquid to SolidFreezing- change in state from a

______________.Freezing point- The _____________ at which

liquid changes into a solid. Freezing is the reverse of melting, so they occur at the same temperature.Any _______ is in the frozen state!

Freezing is exothermic- ______________________ ______________________________________________.

Vaporization: Liquid to GasVaporization- change in state form a

______________.Vaporization can occur at the ________ of a liquid

that is ________ the boiling point. Sweat will ________ off your skin and spilled water will

_________ off a counter.Boiling- Change of a liquid to a vapor, or gas,

_________ the liquid. This occurs when the ________ inside the bubbles equals the outside _________ on the bubbles. Boiling point- Boiling requires energy so it is _____________.

Evaporation

Boiling

Effects of Pressure on Boiling PointWater boils at 100ºC, but only at

________because of atmospheric pressure. Atmospheric pressure is caused by the

___________ ______ that make up the atmosphere.

The ______ you go above sea level, the fewer air particles there are above you so atmospheric pressure is ________.

In Denver, the mile high city, water boils at _________.

Condensation: Gas to LiquidCondensation- change of state from a __________.Condensation point- ___________ at which a

substance goes from a gas to a liquid. Condensation is the reverse of _________, so they occur at the ______ temperature.

For a gas to become a liquid, large numbers of particles must clump together. Energy must be removed - ______________

Sublimation: Solid to GasDry ice (carbon dioxide) changes directly

from a ________________.Sublimation-The substance must gain a lot of energy for

this to occur, therefore it is _______________.

Deposition: Gas to SolidDeposition:Frost changes directly from

_____________________Deposition is an _________________change

because a lot energy must be removed.

Change in temperature vs. Change in stateWhen substances gain or lose energy, the

temperature will change or _______________________________.As the temperature rises, the particles

____________. Once the particles have ______________, the state

will change. At this point the temperature will

_____________until the state change is complete. Boiling water will remain at _________until it all

evaporates.

Change in temperature vs. Change in state

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