' ,~ \

--~~-~~~: • .,. .;-.... ~·~·~·-~P~~~.lJ'I~~~~PJI"'~Oftc:9f)~c~-c@3~l~~·~~~~~t·.. ' -..Qll~ $ ~l' V ·fti:· ~~01 to Jlii:J;~ 211J,DZ P MttQIU. _.,,.,cu, '* t1 • ~'~~ ·or· I-.o, An na ··~ .....

f!Oift. 18, J.9@t

_.. ·. 611,_. aJl4 ....,,~'* ot · ~he CCIIIII:J.:ttee, I• 1326, the

.·llf.U wt•• rn t*l ~' au..-.orf.le tlt.e seer:.tarrr ot the Interior

'to 4eai&D&te t)t.e Jt1 r.ce 1-.tlou.l Jlittcr~.e.U. P•k lll tb• s-~ o•.· ........... ·"-o •o ,., •. · ·ilili!V ·:~• ................... J.a\M!iftolt.·· ··.·11;· the rieh · · t .. ill ~ I It# .•. (h.!!llll ""'""II I ,_... , ... .,...... .·. •t>.- . . .... •

.,..1•4 "*''"' or tia.•··wea al~fie~ ia the 4e¥11•••t or the

Ma-1 ... W•et.

,_, ~ ot •• IJlteri•1 ialta Ji.,.rt to ~

~~. otei Jat. tl, 1~, heartil7 ell4wse4 ._,., 1es18la:t;t•• -.a.·

~l'ee..-na.d ].11 .. 8B~, .... ~ill. ~~~ ... Ritl'•~'I!!Y.~~J1~~· ........ ~ .. .

tUl._ thil ,Oif.ts.o.-1 the -~- toUOtntd.. tilt. re~-..adatioaa

ot "*• )toel14eu' • Md.aOJi7 lhtN'd. on. ·latto...a. Pvta, liatoric · Sit911

~«-.-.• _.. Mo.,_eua, ••• .W illU.catet itl ••~ ot :*Ja• .. --.kl.re .•t it1 ll.eetf.Jll ill !rexaa ·ta,et lcwea'bft' •

.Alter re'Yin\1.._ the ••tietul Park Sev.t.ee•a teas1'b111tJ

· r~, • eo,. Cltt $1eh laaa. 'be•a ~aS.ahe4 to Ae S"Q.be~•.t:t,et; the

H'fl•QrY ~4 c_,a~cl t:lle PJ'Ol'OIIl •• q "t.llali.r.t.~!ttT« •• QOnQeJt

ot litt .. iet ........ ,1 •. tt .,, etau-Ut•J't-.ttoa · et tJal.• 1tto3ect &I ill "i••:Ll\f.t1 '* ~ . '

e(lt»..Qt ol 'lttwtc PJ"t~W'Vat1o,n" -., the latio-..1 AA:vilwt ,_..,

•••••• ._..,. •• ¢ J .,_.u bow "*' v•a .,_,. •U; :t kJlcnr tlae

·' ., .,_,,

1d .• )uleq tt. tts Ustwr I!Ul,i.· t•• · ~elt.ti'ri . ~·••It• tr• tU ·~~'~•~•t

.ef. ti4~··~- •t t,._ •..-1~-~~s ·~· t~1s 'llia~ .. ·I.~w a.l,$.11 ••.t• & \it a)O'I,1i.~,_1i tt t~~ .te ~ a .. ~~e.-l

~~~ ~P ~~~st ~f&v ,-e.rs ot n~U.-. ·~')a ,t~•t jr'~t e,~~•t flllt

..... ~.:··~~~ of tie · x._~,e:r~~'· •04 ·~~.: 1;\fi·•.~•:.t't~~ .. at ·'J!~P~ts .. ··.~~ ····i~l" ~lt pl!J~-~-4 .. , '-··· ' ' ' " ·-,· --· ,··' .. ·" .. : ' .

. · ··· ....••.•... 2 .• .: ....... :· t .. ·... ·~~t: :· .... ",,,,,,·if . · ..•• '•: ' .. :i .. :;,, ', .. :.,..c ... • ' .. :' · .. '· .... ·,

,.. ~~. i,pfteM~at. ef. :;-.~~!~ ~1;~1,. ~- f!;f••~~~

~--· '.J ~·•· . ~~ •1"1•-. J{t~)le love ~l!Lei:r ~- •r•'•~ ~·r ~;..· •t.t~~e~ u 1tt~ ~'~at~tf~, ... :t~,i: ~M ~~'ir ~~~4,..~ i.e

. ~~~.-·~~., ••~-~ :~7(~·.t!D:~,t~~~.~t 1tiLet-~.tlr•"1llr• ~.•t~t:re-. ' ' ', . ,·"' . ' . . ' '

' ,: : .. ··. ", ·.'' .' .· .. · ·.·. '·· ... ' ' .. · ··. 't ,,. .... . '· .... > .. ·,· ..• · ................ ·.

~~····'·· -~~~1:.,'$\~t.,, .. :·~~:13l,~1«J.·~~· ~·.·" r~~~o ' I . . • '

.lt ·~. ~f~ *" ''~irut tit.-.; l~ 't~rt tQ~ i,l t~e ~.-,t>a ~ ~···~~·~ • ~)j, ••. ,~~~,.:·,Gt. '#i~~!~~~~ ~.!;tli8.•• . ..,. ·~· ........ :.·: .; .. :.·:.~"'"'''• .•.. . . ' •;;;· . . . ; ·:··· ···· .. ······ i'" ,· ·.· . ••. ·.· ·• . : " ·~ a ,ltt~lra~P ~- '\o ~ ..... 9. Wi,~Jl. ~" ~,. .. ap ~Qi•qts,

~~·.? t~ ~1!.? 4G ... ~"·· i•• .~~ .. ~,,- ¢c)JJ. ;rll¢f·.sA~·,;.

~·~ '~· llLl.st~t •t ~'-~· ~·~;·~ et *lAe '"" 1 t~ -ttVJJi 'tflli.e. :tl#ll

~lt. 1Jl~te~~1t.t~,a.O: tt~l;o~-1o,, ·fit·~- ri;~fii ft:# ~~·~~­... ~., o-. ~ t,Jae 11..-11. Jart

I~ is ••i)ll~ •~•••~_,. •~ 4e.~J1ra~i8 tll-.t ttl\11 ~:s~ 6f

t•-t~~1i•1i,~·· ~· o~t-. ··~ •lllr -~ ·~~· ~··•'. o!' -tie .Jiiti~JU.l .1~ .aerrt~•i> · ·w~iill l.••u •t.~,· .. a.p~,ae.ats. iJtJ+ 'be eJl'\ie~•t ,i~At•

~tll ":a.a~r Ff/leral _. ... ., •• , Y!tlll-.ii\~.._ \lrt)t$p ..-1\la l~ftA. ~~ -~--~~

~,,~it~ •••~•'''"', · .._ 1~.~~. ~ ~~«l't .• ~~J:>-e,t:ts. 11\i~l wQ.l

•I.Jtt~e e•~t~t7 Yl'"- ••••!)\$ tJt ~t~~lltil'l ia't.f~~t:r, ........ ··s , , '-· , ,\ '

-1~7 ot e._e.p, ·tor ~·- ~~. tl:e .. sujt~l.~ slte~ ~t »la.#•~~~:rt l'f*tt .~~ce &Cft1il.~l!fitil!JI:o

•• 'ft luJ,d .,Ptfiet:At eoo,.-a'ti:tt~n t~ all aeacerae(. !'lie

illaltMt!~vi ·- eoarzQt ta ..rt.-1.S e.'bo1a:\;us. ._re&tta~.t ••• ,tt illl•n wt't•eu-t; Jr.e~e41Ja:t .in -.tk JJ:'lJpGAl.~· ·

fte• fe~ l'eree -.11•JWl: *-•tr~rle&l ~~k ~~ -~t...Uy .. '

· ia~te tl .•• ,_.._~ •. ··sites 1» tlae. · atr~e:riJ!J, XAQ.o · "":ot~-..le~ .ttM~•er "; ' ' •' ', '\ • (o" ,, Co~:· •

Yl~ll c.lr .. 1J1 •••~;e •••·•••t• .... , ~lll·~·~--~- to' prevelit

, •• !,.tteaot ililtC>:ri,e J.d s~e);ie v«J.••• lty llpl$r 1Je~jt)lt.

itV.l-~t!h

~,. ;1e 1\0$'\i sl.ptti,e~ ' • ~tt tm,.e al ~ites ~· .,,,..~_.,ily

be u. ~eet ()Qerdl;p ...... · .c.•tt'~ ot tlll J•t.1i~ la:itlt SJrrrt~e.. • -~

*"•tll48 l' ·mtp.t · :ral!tla ,. tlle ••tsltli ot .tlle w~~•· ·'G!'*'1i . ..,w.,.,., .. -.. ' ·.· . . .. · .- . ·. '

tk• ••tot fl)f l~e, itt llilltteal P."Dtiiia:t~••, t&e Jlf!fa :t.,ee ~·

..... ~~.!.m'.P~~~!.J~~~~J~&ls· 'ift8•r, tte liU. JM~•• ~ss!U •. tie . l1tU~8itJ-a ... •1 taiJ. fat.t•~· .:rRlt $~ae •• _._.1J1~e,er 111. tae. ,.,,~._...,

tt tn•~tt.taa lij.~t.-te, ••••'' Ml O'lt.er • .,,,~~- t••'•~•·· -~­f.a••rtrettv• ,..rttf~~iel9.1T, •~••• twn-. teeat•• «»t . .,.t•Ji•• i.J. ad~

' , , I. ,' '- ,- ..

ii~Ja ot ••••~ ¥Ul - *itt aft.Ualle oa ._ e~',era~iYI ••is i~ 'th~

~-•t•iM tlltf.t ot,latr si.te•,.

•• ,,.,_., • ..Uwe ta,.l•l t.:ol\14• tp •a.tirtet ;j•~· · ~-. el411\tt•, ,,_. trt••• "_." •t l-871 'ftila. -.t:t~ei i,tf.Mt'li~Y.

\,' ' • • ·, ' ' ' ' ' ' "' •••• ' ' ' ' • ' " ' ' • ' •••• .' ' 1, ,: ',, - " • ' \ ' ' ·' • > .·' • .'.::': • ~t"Hf· c

\~_..,., ilt.t ·iew.tl 114 .. ~t .-~tt•• ,,., •• tl'le ••• • ...,11: t•. ue ' ' •, . . . _.· ' ;· ' ' '

lJ\1. lf.tVJ, . --~·'*at .far 1~1~DI:, ~~:J.t -~--~ , l.OfllJtl. _., .

••• , ..... •ri~rttt. . -: ,. - . ·)._t

~- ~o a.:r•a cti\~~JI tlte$.e el ~~t•• •• •• • .,.~, ' .l\~\ll·t~ Yllllt ¥ill • ~e~r Ql .• • ,.. .. ,..... ~---·west 1••1'~ •t 1l,OJQ.lef.

Areaeol.o&Uzal. eVitence !las estal>lislllet tu.t _.has oce'apiel

tlllis uea. of tAe ~a.c.d.t!c Jlortb.,.s't ttlr at least lf~~Q Jf!&rs• :aut o~ a;N;G" tat t•a. ~ewls ut Qla.r~ ~titioa of llk)S.Ut •riea•a

$ite seti1er:s ~ve •qy realistic eGuef" ot tlle U"fla' s ••is1uJJ.ee 1

to ay •f.ltll\l.l\li of U~s iapre.sai ve scel.etr 8.14 ~th or re.-o'Qrttes ..

ft;ttWls llert;•tller J.~s ..... WUlia n~k. tout tlle ·

••• :Perce .lu.~aas to l!le a aaatsOJitl! 1 .· !nteUigti!J.t t~il>e that trea~el

tlle ftites Wil.tb.. pnwP,'I!lS hospttaU.tt. l)i.ortlr att~ tie elt)lorers'

"Vtsit a ~-f Oterlt.B4 . .A,sst~!~s t.rri'"il ~d. estahlit~het ·fur

tr&MJ'I :1• tae ~.tea. mu.dJ~tiu •••!o ... i,es ui sold rd.ners teUQrid11

aJ.i eacJ ·.-~ lett its. iJrtFiat o• tlle 1u4 -'.its native IfJ,tl-.a

pef.ple~

lt\t *·~7t lJt.l.f!t!~ .]1~ .:r!s~.~~! .@!!t~~~JP"~Df ~()~±~c~.

het1reen tk••• n.....Uy ~acefU.l lm\ius a•t tie Gites, nose

··~~i.tt•~:1it1l ot the recion1 s fes!l>lirces \)r.Oupt. iac:feasiqly.res,ric,...

tiV. trfji$.ties• . ' . .

~~. X..f.iu :rei,hs 1 b>ent on avea~ a sl¢J!S1 ld.Uecl ' . I

", · ... ~~· )~,~-;-.1·~ ,_ -. ., ~! : ' <'!

fellt wlltte S:ett.lere.. 'ftle:n t-.e.Y recrtl;ited Gt.her nolltre&.t7. Indie.ns . . . . . . . .·· .. ··•· ·.. . . . .. ·· . .. . ffoWB#J

e,nd la'Wi~••d .a series ot P+\Ulde:r1q ra14s. ~:neral. 0.. Q,. ! ..z . . , c~tet- .ot the JepartmeJtt of tbe 0&.1-u)ia, UsJ$.tchet t~ .. tr~p~~

' . . / ~ ' . ' .

a))ov.t lot ae~, ot. the lil-t~~ Ca~t uier CIJ.:t'\i&.in J~:t;vtt :Perry- to I . . . .

aite JU'4 luyon. !he I.~iian.s lay- in.~-·~ ut .UI~B tlJ,et O'Jlflttt.ed

fir·• th• :tttst seltier to fall ._, a •ucl•r. Re~s taUcate th~t '

a p.ou.:p of citise:n YQJ.Up.teers pudckec!i ~~L~I bf!ll.ted first"' ~en Perry's

.:raplatS: tlU"1tei IJ.Bd fle4 in headloaa retreat.. De lea !'e:r~e warriors

Pvsait of ~- ntti-.ns ani otll.er stirlrd.Q.es toll .. t tlr~

tlle s--..r · ui ~ato tb.e ·---·of 1871. Ia Q()to'ber ).ost:l.l1tte• e••

to • •lilt· ~ of the areat t1aat1q elllt!ts lld. )ceea ll•t•~ ttl!er ' ·' I ' '

l't• tteJOee W tlea. 1Jt,t~ C..atl&• flrilt a'bfut 110&0 r~P.t!4 oa ta« . .

reser'91lLt1oa N'* fticll the Y!dte 1llU had r•ovei Cllolce J.._.ts _.qi

ll..Ut•a arouas.

At tb.e site ot that <Qea:t.na llattle of tie l'ez Perce .Yu, ·

\ '$l:Lte Jis'i e .. yoa, 3 lld:les aorthee.st of tke tO't$ ot ftite Birt 1._

l.,.o Qeuty, about 1,800 acres Yftli be aot'flirei &ai i ..... :J..,et ••

oae of· tke tlree piaciJl$1· a:t'eas 1• tlle lles :r.,ce ~~~iol\l$llUst~~c~

lU"lt· lost ot tlle :U..at is ·~ ~P"~'"i. qi :La piDte ou.et,hi:P,

llttnl:Jfl. t~~t·· Pa•tq~u'J cr<JP•••· fhlt' .-.1~ ,._.It S.n•• "'~'

erect a s..U iaterFe.tive eeater aaG. a fev ••••• edli:t.its~

ft.e pr1ac1pti iat.-pretive c••t.er tQ;r villl1tors tc> the

JUstor1ca3.l't¢lt wlali be •t Spal.M.q, sOlQ 8o roa.d miles north: ot tile

·JUte Jird. Jite, ill lei J'eree e--ty at tke Jactioa ot v. lh

nsan:ra lt ., 95, ana t:Q.e eoatluenoe of LapWJt.i Qreelt ..... the .

Cl!t8.r'Q.ter :B.l'Yer.

~e s~uaa site vas obae~d by the Lens oa Cl.a.rt

•Xl'edltion ia l&oS. SOine 33 years le.~er, illite lever&.Jlld le~

Spl.diq esta'bl:1$hed a mission ·•eng tlle l'eJ ~et'~e ltlere1 · eal.l~u.l ·

the plae$ :r...JM~.1. Ia the 1860's aat 'T,O'e tt-. tb.e site tttt. the

5

lei :re;oce x.ai~tl!l A&ellc:t7 ui tQc18.7 ~t o•at•ta.s the ....u. ·'"-u*'• et

~~· ~i;h ••• ~ tldi-.)ttQ.tiJ.

A._o\lt .~oo a&res, tnel,..lJ&i SJ&J..lt-a •"'~tel 81itate .l'Ja.rlt,

v~i 1M &~l\d.J"fli )l~e to · serve ·Its the a.:tn e.tllllt~et petllt. Mi

~•tJ"at~w ll!-.lt.~~·· ~trllUP :t• •• .1• •• st~t•~ .. the

•••··f~•• ~t).e Qi .. _.i"'te .tntiT.tt~,... •• tJ"~'De ·~P.:l&l\J.s a

e_.t.trt heJ."e~ ••ata;J.!d.q tl!e cra~s C»t lie~ IJ&tllQ •&D.t ll#.,s

.'W';tte, ~:\1&1 ••.t..._t tlle .X.cliqs selt,iael <nl'i~eet.IJ e.ai la .. ld". ~Be tll~4 ••• p-opele4 tw ae!l'tillit.to• t• the .-.111\ ~-­

.lite, •• $'8 ~lea S.flJ'tlleJ.st et b&l,U-a tJJ. ltao Go,._t,.. lD.it

vt._ .... , let• ••e~.'d.)tel lty tlle. Jes fwee st•oe preiti41te:r;te t1J~Les Pi

tt efl»t'Ual t:tle ·~··~ et t)le Dl.ster," a ·1•,. etc>Q' a~ Whiea

~~~t~~t,C).~~~~.~l:L~l.:!fl ... wu·. tJJ;WJ.yei ill tlle tl'iie•·• \\\reatt~•·

·ae;r-e tlle. l«~.tioaiill.. lD.-lt 'emce pro)¢)se•. to •• ,~. oo a-es, ~e:rre a ..U. inter~eti"nl ce-.ter will ').)e eo••t~t•f-· fte

••t ~all site ac,~ei FO)~ies YO'IJl,i a:t.•o 1»c1,.4e a.~ houe

re]nllte4ly oea'U.)l\et ia .tlle Dli4-1S00•s .'b7 suja.u.d K¥a,te l(aJe'tll,

de ... ei ad re•oo:ea. Jd.scd.Q~es to the JE!•• Peree.. Oner*i.It ~t

thi• .-~l',.._e 11 ._.w :ta ]ll"ivtl.te incli'V'id.~t, the besb)'ter,,ilB' Ohu;rtllll

Gi ,ess:t)17 tae Bes··P..,ce tr1B •

.el.f IJ(tes pt"OJG&ei for eooper.lve :ta~~tl'Jll" .. ~le$a, b'at

a..-t tw e.cnJ..ts:J:ti"a, .-.re ·as foUWs~

;C>yete• I l'.l ... et u.4 4Jlt QJ;id: IellGW Jacket, tW ~

. •'

Fen X.JQ;1, COt'~' OliiiiiBa P.rJ~.il:'ie itlll4 m.e~t~

:.at.tl.&rtel«, r•v areas r~la.t.tq tfl u.- Ill~ Pf!l"ce War ~ 1811 o

st •. .foaqJt'a IU. ... aica, tlle .First P.re~Jbf'tertU: htia d!t-.rQli,

_.t ~.;a ....... ~ Asa ~th Mis-a!.oll, tlWee ~Jites aip.tnent t~

-..sst~ a~t'ri;t!ea allQI'& · tlle Jer. Perce~

lii•le·!raU, t..ele.P•aa,· ·li,oq. 0~1 ... 1'e1P)8 JrJr~ie tolli O .. e.

~~ five attes -~~aa so,.1111•st•4 ~- tl).e *"'-. ... J:~e l)Gl"i~, 4IJ.l ef U..,Ol"'liace to th• .~ens u4 Ql.&li'k ~Jit1ell9

' l.lle JOl"'ib.~ ·Itt.~. tzaUu ._estey, ~•t& »D-.tto•.~ Cl.~,

ft,-oe ud,,~el Jrtve, fo'!lll' at'\es lf)t~e evil•••• of e&tl.y aet'irtties

ot tlle •tte eDl,~erliJ ~d. set"le:ra. eu 'De • iiati,l:J\\e<l . .-4 int.U}lretet ..

lffP;ls JHkalelter, a11 •elleol.OSS.e.~ aite Wllel"e s~rata r•veal

aet.r,lt .et~t~"'"' -~ .,._..,. fl" •. -.'be1lt '~ J,. "" to a:bou.t

~4tt A. »• >lae u.eaa.enta prQ)oau!i lJ7 tlle ~~e!lt or tb.e X.te:rior

_.. ••tl1.aect ta te~l in eu:r·re,ert to tlle -~(if tlm.1a

· · Gc)lmld:~tee ..

We lle].ieve tlaat tlte · llit'*Y of t)le les F••• <l'out~-as it

tela't•, .. ._ ... te the Inclius theruel,vea 8JI4 to ta• aeti'rtties. ot ll1l!te

•• :ae~e '"'*'~• the l.~ll GhPi~lU't-~s ••• tnt ._,tts teUtq.. -·

~.e-.. 'De ••~~1s:tl:e4, at ,.-el,ativel.;rlli.Aer eXJtale~ 'by e~t.)llsl!l.i!ll

a ,1:1tt•1.eai·.P.-k.ia e.mp~e . .,.,s .. tJtQ., !Aro..P $$~,l,.&B4

ae~ai'i~, s~uu!d.e ee.s.-el).ts uci ~••"",._ apeqetJ.ts 1d,:bl9. ao­

''4•fll . t'frilers.~aat··ll!y e):"eet1$n of 1Bt__.t\1ve e41b1te IQlA lll.l.rkel"•

ui ~-~ < aQsipiticnmt ~atrutv••:tt WUl 'D.e p8si'ble to

1

41Qlay ia IQJ"t)l.era ·ttue q~, im~Uit ,_~~~~ ia .&'Ut •. latiol\'s llifltory

.,.. P.e:rtte,p.

Ell,..tiall.y1 tl\is uuct 'be • l'l,ut~i~.:L )&l'lt of Cl"flfl.t iJlte.re~.,

!fo.ethelells, it i,s a:J.,se aa extitiq eo\Ul'l"T ot. geQ;t sct-.1«1li!8&\l1;f

etfe:ri,q . llll:'-$1U!IJ. ••tioe:r .re~:rea'li1Qal oJJortlU'ltties • fte ~-·~~1:si;te

~--t.n• ••h as it 'l$s in troa.tier ~~ ad ~ ot t)a.e oll s\J"Qt~es

still staat •.

'!Jats pr.,.s..:L llf.s b:relad ll'lilP.Port fll"• tll!.e a:ree. ... It :r.s ~et

\Ud..ca.u u una& ao oDositioa t:t• &.Jlf s~>•~;.e •. ft• lez '••• ra~u

!ri'be ill. ••tlll.lsiattleal.l.7 s•wortine the pr~atl• It wtJ.l p;rese».t

._. .. U.t~et its el(J.;tl!lr..:L aeri~aae ad Y1U ttJtfe'r! e:PPOJ"tQ1ties for

ii,le fiCDl\~e ievelOJIII.'at of the lfl:'ibe Uid .its me$Ders reaitias ia th.e.

Ill# II

., $