starter question in 4 or 5 sentences tell me about your history class last year. what was your...

Starter Question

• In 4 or 5 sentences tell me about your history class last year. What was your favorite part about it?

Starter (Do not have to write question)

• If you could be any historical figure, who would you be and why? Tell me in 4-5 sentences.

Starter Question (Do not have to write question)

• What is your favorite way to learn and why? Ex: Hands-On, Lecture, Discussion, etc.

Quote Analysis

• "My reason teaches me that land cannot be sold. The Great Spirit gave it to his children to live upon. So long as they occupy and cultivate it, they have a right to the soil. Nothing can be sold but such things as can be carried away" --Black Hawk

• Explain this quote in 2-3 sentences.

Unit 1Starter Questions

1. Why was the planting of maize/corn revolutionary?– Humans were no longer forced to be nomadic. They could

settle in one place because of the stable food source.2. What term describes the beliefs, values, behavior, and

material objects that constitute a society’s way of life?– culture

3. What were three empires of Middle America and South America? – Maya, Aztec, Inca

4. What were two Native American settlements of North America? – Hohokam, Anasazi

Found in Unit 1 Section 1 notesUS History 10


1. What did many Native American tribes believe could not be bought or sold?– land

2. What were four Native American tribes of the Southeastern section of North America?– Hopewell, Natchez, Creek, Cherokee

3. In many Native American tribes how was culture transmitted from one generation to the next? – Through stories and songs (oral tradition)



1. What is the practice of exchanging land owned by nobles for vows of loyalty, military service, and attendance at court?– Feudalism

2. What was the major religion of medieval Europe? – Catholicism

3. What was the lasting/real impact of the Crusades? – To renew European interest in the outside world

4. What nation was the first European country to launch long ocean voyages after the Middle Ages? – Portugal



1. What were the three geographic regions in West Africa?– forests, savanna, desert

2. Who was the most well-known leader of the Songhai empire?– Askia Muhammad

3. What was the powerful costal kingdom that arose in West Africa in the late 1200s?– Benin



1. Which two monarchs commissioned Columbus to make contact with India and financed his journey across the Atlantic?

— Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand of Spain

2. Where did Columbus land on his Atlantic voyage?— San Salvador/Bahamas

3. What term describes the exchange of foods, goods, and ideas between the Americas and Europe?

— Columbian Exchange



1. What were the three reasons for Spanish exploration?– to spread Christianity, wealth, fame (God, gold, and

glory)2. Who is credited with being the first person to

circumnavigate the globe? – Magellan

3. Who discovered Florida while searching for a “fountain of youth”?– Juan Ponce de León



1. What was the name for privately owned ships hired by a government to attack foreign ships?– Privateers

2. In what year was Jamestown founded?– 1607

3. Who developed a new type of profitable tobacco that could be grown in Jamestown?– John Rolfe



1. How long was the period of servitude for most indentured servants?– seven years

2. Why did Jamestown ultimately survive?– profit from tobacco growth

3. Who led a rebellion that led to the burning of Jamestown?– Nathaniel Bacon



1. Who were radical Protestants who claimed that the Anglican Church was still too much like the Catholic Church?– Puritans

2. Who was the first governor of Plymouth Plantation? – William Bradford

3. Why did many Puritans migrate to New England?– To escape religious persecution

4. What is the term for the flood of colonists who came to New England beginning in 1630?– Great Migration



1. Why was Anne Hutchinson banished from Massachusetts?– for religious beliefs against Puritan society

2. What was the result of the Pequot War? – most of the Pequot nation was destroyed

3. What was the longest and bloodiest war between Native Americans and European setters in the 1600s?– King Philip’s War



1. What were the middle colonies known for with regards to population?– diverse population

2. What group originally settled New York (the colony was originally called New Netherland)?– the Dutch (from Holland)

3. Who was the first director of New York/New Netherland ?– Peter Minuit

4. Who originally controlled the colony of Delaware?– William Penn



1. Which colony allowed religious tolerance and became a haven for Quakers?– Pennsylvania

2. Who founded the colony of Maryland, and why was it started?– Lord Baltimore (aka George Calvert); as a haven

for Catholics3. What act allowed any Christian faith to

practice in Maryland?– Maryland Toleration Act



1. Who was the founder of the colony of Georgia?— Lord Baltimore

2. Why was the colony of Georgia founded?— As a haven for people in debtors prison in

England

3. Which group believed that all people should be treated as equals, not only in church but in society and government?

— Quakers Found in Unit 2 Section 4 notesUS History 10


1. Why did England value its Atlantic colonies?– they supplied England with food and raw materials

2. What term describes the belief that a country should try and get as much gold and silver as possible because there was only a certain amount in the world?– Mercantilism

3. What term describes the situation in which the American colonies were allowed to govern themselves? – salutary neglect



1. What was the foundation of real wealth in the American colonies?– land

2. Who won a landmark victory for freedom of speech in 1734?– John Peter Zenger

3. Which colonial region was the most active in promoting public education? – New England



1. Who published Poor Richard’s Almanac?– Benjamin Franklin

2. What two colonial colleges were founded to train ministers?– Harvard and William and Mary

3. Who was a person placed under a contract to work for someone else for a certain period of time?

– Indentured servant



1. What was the forced transport of slaves from Africa to the Americas called?

– Middle Passage2. Why did the New England colonies have fewer slaves

than other regions?– Fewer slaves due to a more diverse economy (not as much

farming)3. What was the name of the 1739 uprising in which

several dozen slaves near Charleston organized and burned an armory and began to march toward Spanish Florida?

– Stono Rebellion



1. Why was it so difficult for slaves to organize large scale rebellions? – slave movement was restricted

2. In what two colonies were African Americans a majority?– South Carolina and Georgia

3. In what three ways were the rights of free African Americans restricted in the colonies?

– They could not: vote, testify against whites, marry whites



1. What was the revival of religious feeling during 1730s/1740s known as? – Great Awakening

2. Who gave the sermon “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”?– Jonathan Edwards

3. Who was the most famous itinerant Great Awakening preacher?

– George Whitefield



1. What two Protestant denominations grew as a result of the Great Awakening? – Baptist and Methodist

2. Why did the colonial population increase in the mid-1700s?– Due to an influx of immigrants from Europe

3. Why did colonists push westward into Native American land?

– lack of fertile land



1. Where was the first battle of the French and Indian War fought, and who was the losing general? – Fort Necessity; George Washington

2. What document officially ended the French and Indian War? – Treaty of Paris (1763)

3. Why did the colonists reject the Albany Plan of Union?

– they wanted decentralized power4. What was the French and Indian War called in

Europe?– Seven Years War



1. Who took the throne of England in 1760? – George III

2. What was the purpose of the Proclamation of 1763? – To close off the region west of the Appalachian

Mountains to settlement3. What law required the colonies to provide housing

and supplies for British soldiers?– Quartering Act

4. Who stated the famous phrase “no taxation without representation”?– James Otis

Found in Unit 4 Section 2a notesUS History 10


1. What were the shadow governments called that were formed by colonial governments? – Committees of Correspondence

2. What battles began the American Revolution? – Lexington and Concord

3. What acts were passed as punishment for the Boston Tea Party?

– Coercive Acts + Quebec Act (Intolerable Acts)

Found in Unit 4 Section 2b notesUS History 10


1. Who wrote Common Sense and what was the message of this work?– Thomas Paine; the American colonies should declare

independence2. Who was the main author of the Declaration of

Independence? – Thomas Jefferson

3. Which 17th century English philosopher was a major influence on the Declaration of Independence?

– John Locke4. What is an inalienable right or a natural right?– rights we are all born with



1. Who was a person who wanted independence from Great Britain? – Patriot

2. Who was a person who remained loyal to Great Britain? – Loyalist

3. What was the first major conflict of the American Revolution?

– Battle of Bunker Hill



1. What American general won the Battle of Saratoga? – Horatio Gates

2. What country signed a treaty of alliance with America on February 6, 1778? – France

3. What two Frenchmen were acting as generals in the Continental Army?

– Marquis de Lafayette and Johann de Kalb



1. What was the last major battle of the American Revolution? – Battle of Yorktown

2. Why did the Continental Congress have a problem raising money for the war effort? – they had no power to tax

3. What were two American victories in the South during the American Revolution?

– Battle of King’s Mountain, Battle of Cowpens



1. What was the most powerful force in the colonies following the Revolutionary War? – the states

2. What set of laws governed the U.S. before the Constitution? – Articles of Confederation

3. What did Nationalists want concerning the government?

– A stronger central government



1. Why was the Constitutional Convention called? – To amend the Articles of Confederation

2. Who is called “the Father of the Constitution”? – James Madison

3. What solution solved the issue of representation in the legislature?

– The Great Compromise 4. How was the issue of slaves being counted in the

population dealt with at the Constitutional Convention?

– The Three-Fifths Compromise- 3/5s of a state’s slave population was counted



1. What set of powers do both the federal and state governments have the ability to exercise?– concurrent powers

2. What amendment allowed the people of each state to directly elect their senators?– 17th

3. How many electoral college votes does each state get?

– each state gets as many Electoral College votes as it has members of Congress



1. Who were the authors of The Federalist Papers? – Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay

2. What was added to the Constitution to protect individual freedoms and gain the support of Anti-federalists?– Bill of Rights

3. Who were those who favored the Constitution and wanted a stronger national government?

– Federalists



1. What act specified that the U.S. capital would be a 10 square-mile stretch of land on the Potomac River? – Residence Act of 1790

2. Who was the first U.S. Vice-president?– John Adams

3. Who was the first U.S. Secretary of the Treasury?

– Alexander Hamilton



1. Who proposed a plan in which the national government took on the debt of the states? – Alexander Hamilton

2. What are politicians called who believe that the government may not do anything that the Constitution does not specifically say it can do?– Strict constructionists

3. What are politicians called who believe the government can do anything that the Constitution does not say it can not do?

– Loose constructionists



1. Who was the second U.S. President (elected in 1796)? – John Adams

2. What act did the Federalists use to silence Republican opposition?– Alien and Sedition Acts

3. What was the most important outcome of the Election of 1800?

– It was the first peaceful transfer of power in the U.S



1. What Supreme Court Chief Justice established the principle of judicial review? – John Marshall

2. What is the power of the Supreme Court to review acts of the President and Congress and determine if they are constitutional?– Judicial review

3. What action during Jefferson’s presidency nearly doubled the size of the U.S.?

– Louisiana Purchase



1. Who was the commander of The Legion of the United States? – Anthony Wayne

2. What treaty caused Native American tribes to lose two-thirds of the Ohio area?– Treaty of Greenville

3. What Shawnee leader refused to participate in treaty negotiations and called for military action against white settlers?

– Tecumseh



1. At what battle did Andrew Jackson defeat the Creek Indians in Alabama? – Horseshoe Bend

2. During what battle did Francis Scott Key write “The Star Spangled Banner”?– Battle of Ft. McHenry

3. What treaty ended the War of 1812?– Treaty of Ghent



1. During the 1830s there was an influx of immigrants from what two nations? – Germany and Ireland

2. What was the median age of Americans in 1820? – 17

3. Under what treaty did Spain agree to cede Florida and its claims in the Pacific Northwest to the U.S.?

– Adams-Onis Treaty



1. What woman encouraged women to take up education but warned them to balance this learning with domestic duties? – Mercy Otis Warren

2. Who called for a standard national language? – Noah Webster

3. What was the main purpose of education during the late 1700s?

– To promote republican virtues



1. Who developed the idea of interchangeable parts?– Eli Whitney

2. Who developed the steam boat which allowed ships to travel upstream against the current?– Robert Fulton

3. What connected the Hudson River and Lake Erie allowing people and goods to travel easily between the Atlantic Coast and the Great Lakes?

– Erie Canal



1. What was the religious movement of the early 1800s called?– Second Great Awakening

2. The constant moving of Americans made them disconnected and lonely which led to an increase in what two conditions? – alcoholism and suicide

3. Why could the Second Great Awakening be considered democratic?

– preachers taught that anyone could gain salvation



1. What two Protestant denominations grew rapidly during the Second Great Awakening?– Baptist and Methodist

2. Who was the founder of the Mormon faith? – Joseph Smith

3. Who was elected the first bishop of the African Methodist Episcopal Church?

– Richard Allen



1. Who built the first centralized factory to manufacture textiles in 1813?– Francis Cabot Lowell

2. What is an economic system in which companies compete for profits? – Free enterprise system (capitalism)

3. How did banks help the economy grow? – by providing people with the money needed to start

businesses



1. By the 1840s the North had a complex economy with a mix of ___ and ___.– industry and agriculture

2. What led to the growth of cities in the U.S.?– Industrialization

3. What was the name of the first national labor union that was established in 1834?– National Trades Union (NTU)



1. What drove the economy of the South in the first half of the 1800s?– Cotton farming

2. In what year did Congress ban the practice of importing slaves ?– 1808

3. Who was a thirty one year old African American preacher who planned and carried out a violent slave uprising in 1831?– Nat Turner



1. In what court case did the Supreme Court rule that Congress had the power to charter the National Bank?– McCulloch v. Maryland

2. What was the long-term effect of the Dartmouth College v.Woodward ruling?– to protect business contracts

3. What court case gave the federal government authority over all interstate business? – Gibbons v. Ogden



1. What term describes newly elected officials giving government jobs to friends and supporters?– Patronage (spoils system)

2. Who won the 1832 presidential election?– Andrew Jackson

3. In what court case did the Supreme Court rule that that Georgia had no authority over Cherokee tribes?– Worcester v. Georgia



1. Who was the leader of the transcendentalist movement?– Ralph Waldo Emerson

2. What was the organized campaign to eliminate alcohol consumption?– Temperance Movement

3. Who was the central figure of the revivalist movement? – Charles Grandison Finney



1. What were small societies dedicated to perfection in social and political conditions?

– Utopian communities

2. Who was an early leader in the movement of public education?

– Horace Mann

3. Who founded the New Harmony community? – Robert Owen



1. Who were the earliest known anti-slavery activists?– Mennonites

2. What prohibited antislavery petitions from being read or acted upon in the House of Representatives for eight years?– Gag rule

3. What was the movement to end slavery called? – abolition movement



1. Who wrote A Treatise on Domestic Economy urging women to build a strong America by educating their children?– Catharine Beecher

2. Who wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin?– Harriet Beecher Stowe

3. What was first women’s rights convention in the U.S.? – Seneca Falls Convention



1. Why did Irish immigration in the mid-1840s dramatically increase?– Irish Potato Famine

2. Why did many immigrants settle in the North and the West in the early 1800s?– there was less demand for cheap labor in the South due

to slavery

3. What term describes a person who is not born a U.S. citizen but becomes one? – naturalized



1. What animal changed almost every part of Native American life, from the nature of warfare to the division of labor? – Horses

2. In many Native American cultures power shifted from the farming village to what?– Male dominated hunting camps

3. What animal did many Native American tribes follow as they migrated across the Great Plains? – buffalo



1. Who led the first organized group of American settlers into Texas in 1822?– Stephen Austin

2. Who declared himself dictator of Mexico and stripped Texas of their rights of self-government? – General Santa Anna

3. Who was elected the first president of the Republic of Texas?– Sam Houston



1. What extended the boundaries of the U.S. from the Atlantic to the Pacific? – The Mexican War

2. What term described the belief of many Americans that the U.S. had a God-given right to expand their “superior civilization” into new territory?– Manifest Destiny

3. Why were Americans divided over the annexation of Texas? – Texas would upset the balance of free and slave states

US History 10 Found in Unit 10 Section 3 + 4a Notes


1. What treaty ended the Mexican War on February 2, 1848?– The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

2. What deal gave the U.S. southern New Mexico and Arizona which provided a route for the southern transcontinental railroad?– Gadsden Purchase

3. What proposed bill stated that slavery would not be permitted in any of the territory acquired from Mexico?– Wilmot Proviso

US History 10 Found in Unit 10 Section 4b


1. What was the key difference between the North and South?– slavery

2. Who wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin?– Harriet Beecher Stowe

3. In 1860 what percentage of the railroad in the US was located in the North?

– 70%



1. What party was formed to oppose slavery?– Free Soil Party

2. What law forced Northerners to return any person they knew to be a slave to their owner?– The Fugitive Slave Act

3. What act allowed California to be admitted to the Union as a free state?

– Compromise of 1850



1. What was the movement to ensure that native-born Americans receive better treatment than immigrants?– nativism

2. What act destroyed the Whig party, divided the Democratic party, and created the Republican party?– Kansas-Nebraska Act

3. What was the slogan of the Republican Party?– "Free labor, free soil, free men"



1. What term describes allowing voters in a territory to decide whether to become a free or slave state?– popular sovereignty

2. Who attacked a proslavery settlement near Pottawatomie Creek killing five men?– John Brown

3. Who won the 1856 Presidential election?– James Buchanan



1. The Lincoln and Douglas debates highlighted what two important principles in American government?– majority rule and minority rights

2. Who conducted a raid of the arsenal at Harper’s Ferry, Virginia?– John Brown

3. What was the significance of the raid on Harper’s Ferry?

– it caused deep divisions, distrust and anger between the North and South



1. After what event did seven southern states secede from the Union? – the election Abraham Lincoln

2. Who did Southern Democrats nominate in the 1860 presidential election? – John C. Breckinridge

3. What were the four “border states” in the 1860 election?

– Kentucky, Delaware, Missouri, Maryland



1. Who was the Republican nominee in the 1860 election?– Abraham Lincoln

2. What was the first state to secede from the Union on December 20, 1860?– South Carolina

3. Who was elected president of the Confederacy?

– Jefferson Davis



1. What were the years of the Civil War?– 1861-1865

2. What was the first capital of the Confederacy and to what city/state was the capital moved?– Montgomery, AL; Richmond, VA

3. What side won the First Battle of Bull Run?– Confederacy



1. What advantage did the Union have concerning the railroad system?– North had more than double the South’s miles of railroad

track2. What was the Union strategy called in which General

Winfield Scott planned to cut off the South from the rest of the world ?– Anaconda Plan

3. What was the Southern strategy in which they planned on inflicting continuous losses on the enemy in order to wear down Union strength and will?

– war of attrition



1. Why were a majority of the nation’s trained officers Southerners when the Civil War began?– seven of the nation’s eight military colleges were in

the South2. Where did two-thirds of the nation’s population

live before the Civil War?– The North

3. Why was the North better able to produce the guns, ammunition, shoes and other items needed to for its army?

– North had more than twice as many factories



1. Who did Lincoln choose to build and command a new army after Bull Run?– George McClellan

2. Who led the most successful Union forces in the West?– Ulysses S. Grant

3. What was the bloodiest single battle that had ever taken place on the North American continent up until 1862?

– Shiloh



1. What was the Union iron plated ship called?– Monitor

2. What was the Confederate iron plated ship called?– Merrimack

3. Who took over command of Joseph Johnston’s army after he was wounded?

– Robert E. Lee



1. What was Robert E. Lee’s home state?– Virginia

2. What side won the Second Battle of Bull Run?– Confederacy

3. What was the bloodiest single day battle of the Civil War?

– Battle of Antietam



1. The framers of the Confederate Constitution made certain that it recognized what two principles?– states’ rights and slavery

2. Fearing the war would be lost if there were not enough soldiers to fight, General Lee called for what in early 1862?– draft

3. What protest slogan developed in the south after it was revealed that you could pay for a substitute in the military draft?

– "a rich man's war and a poor man's fight"



1. Why did the Confederacy send representatives to both Great Britain and France?– leaders hoped to receive official recognition as a

nation2. What was the most active Congress in US

history?– Civil War Congress

3. What act offered free government land to people willing to settle the land?

– Homestead Act (1862)



1. What act imposed taxes on items such as liquor, tobacco, medicine, and newspaper ads?– Internal Revenue Act (1862)

2. What four slave holding states remained in the Union?– Maryland, Missouri, Delaware, and Kentucky

3. What is the name for emergency rule by the military during which some civil rights are suspended?

– martial law



1. Which group pushed the notion that the South had to be punished for the Civil War?– Radical Republicans

2. What presidential order freed southern slaves?– Emancipation Proclamation

3. How did Lincoln generate support from European liberals?

– by redefining the war as a war against slavery



1. What was the first African American regiment organized in the North?– 54th Massachusetts

2. How did southern planters help to create food shortages in the South?– by refusing to switch from cotton production to

growing edible crops3. At what Confederate prison camp did 100

prisoners a day die from malnutrition and unsanitary conditions?

– Andersonville



1. During the Civil War where were soldiers most likely to die?– camps or hospitals

2. What was created to combat unsanitary conditions in military camps?– United States Sanitary Commission

3. Who founded the American Red Cross?– Clara Barton



1. Did the North or South win the battles of Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville?– South

2. Who was forced to resign his position after the Battle of Fredericksburg?– Ambrose Burnside

3. What was Lee’s most costly victory of the Civil War?

– Battle of Chancellorsville



1. What was the greatest battle ever fought in North America?– Battle of Gettysburg

2. Why did Lee's army launch an invasion in Pennsylvania?– In an attempt to shatter northern morale and win

European recognition

3. After what battle was Lee never again able to mount another major offensive attack?

– Gettysburg



1. Why was McClellan fired from his command? – for being too cautious

2. How many casualties did the Union suffer at the Battle of Fredericksburg?– 13,000

3. What was Lee’s most brilliant victory of the Civil War?

– Chancellorsville



1. What was one of the last Confederate strongholds preventing the Union from controlling the Mississippi River?

– Vicksburg, Mississippi

2. What is the military tactic in which an enemy is surrounded and starved in order to make it surrender?

– siege

3. For how many months did the Civil War last after the Battle of Gettysburg?

– 22 months



1. Why is the Gettysburg Address significant?– it marked a great milestone in the expansion of liberty to

all Americans

2. On what date was the Gettysburg Address given?– November 19, 1863

3. Why was Lincoln initially criticized for the Gettysburg Address?

– people believed that it was too simple and short



1. What did Lincoln’s re-election in 1864 depend upon?– the Union’s success on the battlefield

2. What Union general was put in charge of taking control of the Shenandoah Valley?– Philip E. Sheridan

3. Who won the Battle of the Wilderness, the North or South?

– South



1. What order did Sherman give concerning Atlanta before he abandoned the city?– the city was to be evacuated and then burned

2. Why was Joseph Johnston replaced with James Hood?– Jefferson Davis wanted a general who would take more

aggressive action

3. What nickname did Democrats give to Ulysses Grant?

– “butcher”



1. During what battle did the woods catch on fire, causing many of the wounded to be burned to death?– Wilderness

2. Where did a series of skirmishes take place in 1864 during which Grant’s army suffered mass causalities?– Spotsylvania Court House, Virginia

3. Why did Grant focus on taking the city of Petersburg?– to cut off shipments of food to Richmond



1. Who did Lincoln choose as his Vice-president in the 1864 election?– Andrew Johnson

2. Who was the Democratic nominee in the 1864 election?– General George McClellan

3. What Amendment did Congress pass three months after Lincoln's re-election?

– 13th



1. Where did Lee surrender to Grant?– Appomattox Court House, VA

2. On what date did Lee surrender to Grant?– April 9, 1865

3. Who assassinated Lincoln?– John Wilkes Booth


starter question in 4 or 5 sentences tell me about your history class last year. what was your...

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