starter 10/3
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Starter 10/3. Classifying Items - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Starter 10/3Classifying ItemsPeople organize or classify objects for different reasons. Classifying foods into groups, such as grains, vegetables, and fruits helps people plan meals that maintain a healthy diet. Biologists classify organisms into groups that have similar characteristics, which makes the relationships among organisms easier to see.
1. Devise a classification system for the following items: orange, lime, plum, apple, pear, rose, violet, daisy,
gold, and silver.
2. Explain what criteria you used to place items into each category of your classification system.
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Matter – anything that has mass or takes up space.
Are these matter?
- you, desk, water, dust, air
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Properties• Properties –
characteristics used to describe an object
• Ex. Mass, volume, color
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Mass- is a measure of the amount of matter in anobject.UNITS – grams (g) or kilograms (kg).
Volume – is a measure of how much space matter takes up.UNITS- cm3 & m3 OR mL & L
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Volume of an irregularly shaped solid object
• You can not measure an irregularly shaped solid object by using
volume= length x width x height• You can measure its volume by measuring the
volume of water the object displaces.• The volume of water displaced by the object is
equal to it’s volume.
1 ml = 1cm3
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Matter can be classified into two categories.
• 1. Pure Substances:– Element– Compound
• 2. Mixture
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• Pure Substance–Matter that ALWAYS has the same
composition and properties.– Ex. Every pinch of sugar will be equally sweet as the
pinch before. Salt is another example.– (Composition= how something is put together)
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• Elements–Made of only one type of atom
–CAN NOT be broken down
–Can be solid, liquid or gas
–Ex. Hydrogen (H), Neon (Ne)
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• Compounds –Two or more elements
CHEMICALLY combined in a specific ratio
–CAN be broken down–Items in a compound take on
new properties–Ex. Salt (NaCl) Water (H2O)
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Classifying Matter
• Mixture– two or more elements
PHYSICALLY combined with no specific ratio
–No specific properties or distribution of parts
–NOT A PURE SUBSTANCE
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Starter 10/4
Item Length Width height
Post –it cube 7 cm 7 cm 1 cm
Book 25 cm 20 cm 3 cm
table 550 cm 60 cm 3 cm
1.What is the formula for calculating volume ?2. In 1-2 lines, explain what can you infer from
the information given on the chart and how you know.
3. Calculate the volume of one item.
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–Classified by how well it is mixed• HOMOGENEOUS- very well mixed, can’t pick out the parts
– ex. Iced tea, ocean water
• HETEROGENEOUS- not well mixed, easily notice different parts
–Ex. Salad, chex mix, sand
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• Solutions – when something dissolves to form a homogeneous mixture–Transparent–Kool aid, tap water, chlorine
• Suspension- heterogeneous mixture that separates over time– salad dressing, oil and water
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Starter 10/5
MATTER
PURE SUBSTANCE MIXTURE
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Starter 10/6
Combination item 1 item 2 after combination
1 Clear liquid Yellow liquid Red liquid
2 Black metal Clear liquid Metal on the bottom of the clear liquid
Combinations of elements can be compounds OR mixtures
1.In 1-2 lines, describe the difference between compounds & mixtures
2. Make an inference: which combination could be a mixture? Why?
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Starter 10/7
• Create two practice quiz questions using your flip book or notes.– Make sure to write out the question and write
the answer too.
• Quiz your neighbor
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
• Can be used to identify a material
• Can be observed without measuring or changing the item’s composition
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• Viscosity –
– tendency of a liquid to keep from flowing
–Higher = slower moving, thick
–Lower = faster moving, thin/runny
- Heat decreases viscosity
• Hardness-
– testing the strength by scratching it against something
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• Conductivity– allows heat or electricity
through it
–Metals are good conductors
• Malleability–Ability to hammer (mallet) out
without breaking
–Opposite = brittle
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• Density: d= m/v– amount of mass inside an object’s shape– Unit – g/cm3
– Dense objects feel heavier because they have lots of matter tightly packed in their shape
– The density of water is1.0 g/cm3
– Objects with density less than 1.0 g/cm3
will float.
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FIND THE DENSITY
• The block’s mass is 90 g
Length (5 cm)
Width (3 cm)
Height (2 cm)
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• Melting Point – temperature when substances
change from Solid liquid
• Boiling Point– temperature when substances
boil
***changes for each substance***
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Chemical Properties
• Chemical Property– something that leads to a
change in composition of matter
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• Flammability –– ability to burn when oxygen is
present
–Can be a good and bad property (lighter fluid SHOULD be flammable, Carpet is bad to be flammable)
–Solids, liquids or gases.
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• Reactivity-– the ability to combine with
another substance easily
–Oxygen reacts with most substances• Causes rusting of metals, allows fire to burn
• Nitrogen is not very reactive and is often added to reduce the other element side effects
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• Flammability –– ability to burn when oxygen is
present
–Can be a good and bad property (lighter fluid SHOULD be flammable, Carpet is bad to be flammable)
–Solids, liquids or gases.
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• Reactivity-– the ability to combine with
another substance easily
–Oxygen reacts with most substances• Causes rusting of metals, allows fire to burn
• Nitrogen is not very reactive and is often added to reduce the other element side effects
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Starter 10/9
SUBSTANCE DENSITY (g/cm3)
IRON 7.9
SALT 2.2
WATER 1.0
VEGETABLE OIL 0.92
AIR 0.0013
CORK .193
1. Which is the MOST dense item?2. Which is the LEAST dense item?3. Which items will float?4. Draw a diagram of what a beaker might look like if you put water, oil and a
cork in it.
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Starter – 10/10
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Starter 10/11Creating and Interpreting Graphs
Many people have pets. One survey of pet owners showed the following breakdown of the type of pets owned: 35% dogs; 35% cats; 10% birds; 5% hamsters, gerbils, mice, rats; 5% reptiles; and 10% other.
1. Copy the incomplete circle graph below on your paper. Complete the graph using the survey data. Estimate the angle of each section of your completed circle graph. Give your graph a title and label what each section of the graph represents.
2. In 1-2 lines, explain how viewing a graph
might be easier for the reader