Standard Standard SSWH2: The student will identify the

major achievements of Chinese and Indian societies from 1100 B.C.E. to 500 C.E.

Essential Question Essential Question Explain the development and impact of

Hinduism and Buddhism on India and subsequent diffusion of Buddhism.

Learning ObjectivesLearning ObjectivesDescribe the development of Indian

civilization: include the rise and fall of the Mauyra Empire, the “Golden Age” under Grupta, and the emperor Ashoka.

Explain how geography of the Indian subcontinent contributed to the movement of people and ideas.

Learning ObjectivesLearning ObjectivesExplain the development and impact of Hinduism

and Buddhism on India and subsequent diffusion of Buddhism.

Describe the development of Chinese civilization under the Zhou and Qin.

Explain the impact of Confucianism on Chinese culture; include the examination system, the Mandate of Heaven, the status of peasants, the status of merchants, and the patriarchal family, and explain diffusion to Southeast Asia, Japan, and Korea.

The Subcontinent of IndiaThe Subcontinent of IndiaIndiaPakistan Bangladesh Nepal Bhutan Sri Lanka

Geography of India Geography of India The subcontinent of India can be divided into three regions:

The Northern Mountains region

The Indo-Gangetic Plain region

The Deccan region

The Northern Mountain RegionThe Northern Mountain RegionThe tallest mountains on Earth Himalayas mean “place of the snow”The famous Mount Everest is located here.The region is divided into areas:These areas are the Himalayas, the

Karakoram, and the Hindu Kush. The famous Khyber Pass once provided

migrating and invading tribes access to India.

The Indo-Gangetic RegionThe Indo-Gangetic RegionTwo great rivers lie south of the mountain

region. The Ganges River flows to the southeast

and the Indus River flows to the southwest.

The Indus River is Pakistan's longest river.This region is home to over 1 billion

people.

The Deccan Region The Deccan Region This region lies south of the Indo-Gangetic

Plain.

This region is made up of high plateaus, hills and low mountain ranges.

MonsoonsMonsoonsTwo features that dominate India’s climate

are monsoons and high temperatures.

From November to March the monsoons blow from the north to the northeast.

From June to October, the wet season, the monsoons blow from the southwest to the Indian Ocean.

MonsoonsMonsoonsThe timing of monsoons is critical. If

monsoons arrive late, or if little rain falls, crops wither causing famine.

If monsoons bring too much rain, destructive floods rage across the countryside.

High temperatures of 120 degrees are frequent from March until June.

MonsoonsMonsoons

Indo-Aryan PeopleIndo-Aryan People

The Indo-AryansThe Indo-AryansAround 1750 B.C., new groups of people

came through the Khyber passage into India. The Indo-Aryans were semi-nomadic

travelers.They traveled by horse and carriages and by

foot. They herded sheep and cows.Armies of archers and charioteers enabled

the Indo-Aryans to conquer all of northern India.

The VedasThe VedasThe Vedas are the great literature of the

Indo-Aryan religion. With the development of writing, the

Vedas were written down in the Indo-Aryan language of Sanskrit.

The Vedas were so important to the Indo-Aryan culture that from 1500 B.C. to 1000 B.C. they called it the Vedic Age.

The Vedas The Vedas

The Vedic form of belief was the precursor to modern Hinduism.

Indo-Aryan Religion Indo-Aryan Religion The earliest forms of Gods include

elements of nature, such as the sky, sun, earth, light, water, fire, storms, wind and rain.

These natural forces were regarded or personified as persons.

Indo-Aryan SocietiesIndo-Aryan SocietiesIndo-Aryan settlements joined to form

city-states ruled by a Raja. As societies developed, so did the culture

and religion. Brahmins became an important part of

the culture and were considered the priest who knew the proper forms and rules.

Indo-Aryan Societies Indo-Aryan Societies Physical and social differences existed

between the Indo-Aryan migrates and the earlier inhabitants.

The Indo-Aryans were light-skinned and the earlier inhabitants were dark-skinned.

Thus, the social caste system was developed.

Warriors and priests were at the top followed by merchants, traders, farmers, and servants.

Caste System Caste System Brahmins – Priests, scholars, wise menKshatriyas – Rulers and warriorsVaisyas – Merchants, traders, owners of

small farmsSudras- Peasants bound to work the fields

of large landowners Untouchables – slaves capture in battle

forced to skin animals and bury corpses.

Caste System Caste System

Hinduism Hinduism

Hinduism has no single founder and no one holy book.

Hinduism is the third largest religion in the world.

Hinduism Hinduism Hinduism developed through the

Brahmin’s interpretation of the Vedas. The Hindus believe that the world we live

in is an illusion called Maya. Because it takes time to understand the

illusions that we see and since the soul does not die, reincarnation is solution.

Brahma the CreatorBrahma the CreatorBrahma, the Hindu god is associated with the formation of the universe and is one of the Gods in the triumvirate of Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva.

Shiva the DestroyerShiva the DestroyerShiva is responsible for change both in the form of death and destruction. This also includes the shedding of old habits.

Vishnu the PreserverVishnu the Preserver

He is the one who ensures peace and order on earth.

Buddhism Buddhism

The Founder of Buddhism was Siddhartha Gautama.

Buddhism is the fourth largest religion in the world.

““The Enlightened One”The Enlightened One”Born a prince, Gautama lived in luxury his

whole life. At the age of 29, he left his palace and

was shocked by all the suffering that he saw.

Gautama left his wife and his infant son in search for the answer to “Why people suffer?”

Siddhartha GautamaSiddhartha Gautama

The Buddha The Buddha After six years of searching, one day

under a fig tree he found the answer to life’s problems.

At that moment he became the Buddha.He taught that salvation comes from

knowing the Four-Noble Truths and following the Eightfold-Path.

The Four Noble TruthsThe Four Noble TruthsThe life of all humans involves suffering

and sorrow.The desire for a life of pleasure and

material gain causes suffering and sorrow.Renouncing desires of the flesh, frees

people from suffering and helps their soul attain nirvana.

Following the Eightfold Path leads to renunciation.

The Eightfold PathThe Eightfold Path(1) See life as it really is with all of its

imperfections (2) right intentions (3) right speech, avoid lies and gossip (4) right action, avoid unlawful acts (5) right living, meaning working at a job that does not harm others (6) right effort, working to prevent evil (7) right mindfulness, consent aware of one’s self (8) right concentration to direct the mind in meditation.

Buddhism vs. Hinduism Buddhism vs. Hinduism The Buddha did not accept Hindu’s Gods.

The Buddha believed that the Brahmins should live peacefully and a life of poverty.

The Buddha shunned the caste system and believed that anyone could reach nirvana if he or she was good.

The Spread of BuddhismThe Spread of BuddhismAfter Gautama died, the Buddhist religion

was split into two branches, the Theravada and Mahayana.

The Theravada believed in the traditional truths and that Buddha was a great spiritual teacher.

Mahayana believed that the Buddha was a God and savior.

Monks spread the Buddhist teachings worldwide.

Taj Mahal Taj Mahal

Mohenjo-DaroMohenjo-Daro

Mohenjo-DaroMohenjo-DaroIt was one of the largest settlements of

the ancient Indus Valley Civilization, and one of the world's earliest major urban settlements.

Mohenjo-daro was abandoned in the 19th century BCE, and was not rediscovered until 1922.