Standard: 1.0 (see board to the left)

Opening:

Finish Puritan timeline in your groups and discuss.

Work Period: Look over 2010

Puritans DBQ Notes: The Duel for

North America

Closing: Reading Quiz:

Chapter 6 Homework: See outline

The Duel for North America

1608 – 1763

The French Settlement

1608 – First French settlement in the New World: Quebec

Samuel de Champlain – “Father of New France”

Friendly relations with Huron Indians/ enemies with the Iroquois Indians

Results in Iroquois Indians joining with Great Britain

Many Iroquois fought and raided French settlements

Motive was to compete with Spain & England for Empire in America

Characteristics of New France

Autocratic- under direct control of the king

No popularly elected assemblies

No trial by jury

Slow population growth – French favored

the West Indies

Fur trapping- (coureurs de bois) main economic pursuit Recruited Indians to

help

Jesuits missionaries played vital role as explorers/ geographers

French legacy in the Mississippi River Valley Cajuns

Characteristics of New France

How are these French different from the English? Think along the lines of settlement, government and the judicial system.

Effects on the Indians

Decimated by the white man’s diseases & debauched by alcohol “firewater”

Jesuits missionaries converted few Indians.

Many were slaughtered by the natives

Battle for Empire in the New World p. 110

England v. France v. Spain

1688–1763 - 4 bitter world wars

King William’s War & Queen Anne’s War British against the French fur trappers & their Indian

allies & eventually Spain

What type of soldiers are involved?

Why not use massive amounts of soldiers to fight?

British won

Britain provided the colonies with a period of “salutary neglect” - fertile soil for rebellion

Battle for Empire in the New World p. 110

Watch out! Here comes the War of Jenkins’s Ear. How does this war start and what is the result?

It ended the peace which allowed for more war to come between these nations.

Wars continued

King George’s War - 1744-48

France allied with Spain

New Englanders captured the French fortress at Louisbourg, only to have it returned to the French by the peace treaty of 1748

American colonies felt betrayed by their British masters. Why did they feel this way?

Focus of rivalry then turned to the Ohio Valley

Ohio River Valley Conflict

Key area for the French

Would connect their holdings in Canada to Mississippi Valley

1749 – Colonial speculators claimed the land

French started building forts

Fort Duquesne (Pittsburgh)

Washington & War

1754 - George Washington was sent to secure Virginia’s claims

When encountering the French, the Virginians

fired the first shots

French leader killed, GW’s men retreated

French returned with reinforcement Surrounded Washington at Fort Necessity

Washington forced to surrender after 10 hours

Results of Conflict

British authorities took action

British uprooted 4000 Frenchmen in Acadia (Nova Scotia)

Many moved to Louisiana – Cajuns

Global War

French & Indian War 1756 – 1763

(Seven Years’ War)

began in America/ fought in America, Europe, West Indies, Philippines, Africa, & the ocean

French wasted so much strength in Europe, they were unable to throw an adequate force into the New World

Colonial Unity

1754- Albany Congress was held to achieve greater colonial unity & bolster the common defense

Only 7 of the 13 colonies attended

Immediate purpose- keep the Iroquois tribes loyal to the British in war

Franklin proposed colonial home rule

rejected by both Britain (too much independence) & the colonies (not enough independence)

Benjamin Franklin’s famous cartoon: “Join, or Die”

French & Indian War/ Seven Years’ War

1755 - General Edward Braddock sent to Virginia to help with war

Gathered supplies from colonists

Sent with 2000 militiamen (buckskins) to capture Fort Duquesne

“Bulldog” Braddock – behind-the-tree methods of fighting Indians

Braddock’s Blundering

Expedition moved slowly

Few miles short of Fort Duquesne, Braddock encountered French & Indian army

George Washington – aide to Braddock

Braddock mortally wounded

Victory for the French

Indian Attacks

Excited about victory, Indians started attacks from Pennsylvania to North Carolina

English started offering money for Indian scalps

War Continues

Early British defeats result of tactical error:

attacking exposed wilderness posts simultaneously instead of focusing completely on Montreal & Quebec

Led to defeat after defeat for Britain

William Pitt – The Great Commoner

Became British Prime Minister in 1757 and focused Britain’s efforts on the Quebec-Montreal area

Battle of Quebec 1759

Selected James Wolfe to attack Quebec

Wolfe faced Marquis de Montcalm & both were mortally wounded

French defeated & city surrendered

Victories for Britain

Louisbourg (present day Nova Scotia) recaptured 1758

Battle of Quebec 1759 Very important victory for Britain

Montreal fell to British in 1760 Last time French flag waved in Canada

Peace Settlement at Paris 1763

Results: p. 115

French thrown completely off continent of North America

Could retain small sugar islands in West Indies

Mississippi River East – England

French Canada – England

Trans-Mississippi Louisiana/ plus New Orleans – Spain

In return for Cuba

Great Britain was now the dominant power in North America

Ottawa Chief Pontiac 1763

Led several tribes in a campaign to drive British out of the Ohio Valley

Indians wiped out all but 3 British posts west of Appalachians

British crushed uprising

Used small pox blankets to wipe out Natives

Helped convince British for need to stabilize Indian-white relations & keep troops in colonies

British/American Friction

Colonials emerged with increased confidence in their military strength & self-esteem

Myth of British invincibility was shattered

British distressed by the reluctance of the colonials to support the common cause whole heartedly

Colonials demanded the rights & privileges of Englishmen, without the duties & responsibilities of Englishmen

Did not want to provide for troops during war

Effect of French defeat

Threat of the French & Indians on the frontier removed

Land hungry colonials were now free to expand westward over the Appalachian Mountains

Colonials developed a new vision of their

ultimate destiny

Proclamation of 1763

Prohibited settlement in the area beyond the Appalachian Mountains

Designed to work out the Indian problems & avoid further uprisings

Americans saw it as a violation of their rights

Caused anger & defiance