An English SettlementJamestown

1608: First permanent French settlement in North America.Founded by Samuel de Champlain

Characteristics of French Colonies:Fur TradersCatholic PriestsFriendlier to Native Americans

Quebec

QUEBEC

1607: John Smith:Member of a Joint-Stock Company: group of

investorsLeader that made settlement successful.

Jamestown First permanent English Colony in the Americas.Looking for gold.Noble men and adventurers.

An English Settlement at Jamestown

JOHN SMITH & JAMESTOWN

Original inhabitants of area

Offered colonists food during the “Starving Time”

Colonists and Natives were friendly at first.Natives offered land for settlers to farmTaught them how to farm.

POWHATAN

Chief Powhatan

TOBACCO: John Rolfe discovered the cropBEGAN GROWING FOR EXPORT

TO SELL IN EUROPE.

MORE LABOR & LAND IS NEEDED TO GROW TOBACCOPowhatan were forced of their land.

REVOLTKilled 340 settlersHOW DO YOU GET MORE WORKERS?

JAMESTOWN A SUCCESS

System created as a result of success of tobacco crop.Need for labor

System provided 50 acres of land to those who would settle in the colony.

RESULT of SYSTEM:Colony’s population grew.

Headright System

Workers who exchanged their labor fro help getting started in America.

7 years of serviceFamilies would come over

INDENTURED SERVANTS

Background:Indentured servants service time ran up they

would become small landowners.This caused strains on VA’s social order.Less land became available in the colony.Settlers pushed west which caused conflict

with Native Americans.

Bacon’s Rebellion

Cause:Settlers weren’t given protection by the

governor of Jamestown.

Leader of the settlers: Nathaniel BaconLed armed conflict with Native AmericansGov. of Jamestown condemned Bacon’s actions.Bacon led his forces to Jamestown and burned

the town down.Gov. fled the colony-----Bacon was killed

Bacon’s Rebellion

Result:Government must serve all citizens.

Ordinary citizens have a voice.

VA began to rely on slavery for labor shortage.

Bacon’s Rebellion

System in which people are “owned” like property.

Slaves from Africa arrived for the first time in 1619.Used to harvest tobaccoEarly slaves were freed after years of service

Over time were never allowed their freedom.

Economic concerns and racism on the part of European settlers help create------

Slavery

Throughout the Southern Colonies.

Huge farms owned by wealthy landowners who raised cash crops.Massive amounts of labor needed to run these

farms.

System helped firmly root slavery throughout the colonies by the late 1600s.

Plantation System

Government of Virginia

English monarch allowed the colonies to govern themselves:Distance made it difficult for the King to keep

control.

How did this influence the colonies?Colonies had representative governments.Rights of citizens

Salutary Neglect

1619First elected legislative body in the colonies.

Male property owners could voteWealthy, upper class

This body helped to establish representative government through o the colonies.

House of Burgesses (Virginia)

Colonial Regions

Royal Colony: colony governed directly by the king through

an appointed governor.

Proprietary Colony:Colonies granted to a groups of private owners

for development

Charter Colony:Colonies which the crown granted a charter for

the purpose of establishing a government.

Colony Types

Southern MarylandVirginia, North Carolina, South Carolina Georgia.

Divided into three groups:Rich Plantation OwnersPoor FarmersSlaves

Wealthy, upper class is superior to the lower, poorer class.Male members of class should hold all power &

authority.

Southern Colonial Society

Public Education did not exist in the Southern Colonies.

Wealthy owners had their children tutored or sent to Europe.

Poorer colonists were educated at home.

Education

STAPLE CROP: crop that is in large demand and provide the bulk of the region’s income.

CASH CROP: one that is grown primarily for sale.

TOBACCO , RICE & INDIGIO

Southern Colonial Economy

Atlantic Slave Trade: SLAVERY

Triangular Trade:Three-way trading process

Rum from New England to AfricaSlaves from Africa to the West IndiesSlave, Sugar from West Indies to New England

Southern Colonial Economy

TRIANGULAR TRADE

Voyage that brought slaves from Africa to the West Indies.CrueltySicknessDeathSuicide

Middle Passage

No need for mass transportation system .

Large plantations were built near river systems.

Having DIRECT access to these major shipping lanes….the South DID NOT develop major centers of commerce.

Results of Plantation System

African Slaves:Families were torn apartRights were deniedSome owners were brutal

Cultures mix:Song, Dance, Story telling, painting all thrived

within the Slave Communities.

Results of Plantation System

MassachusettsNew HampshireRhode IslandConnecticut

New England

Separatist: group that broke from the Church of England

1620: established the Plymouth ColonyPuritan groupFamily groups came to North America to

escape religious persecution.

Celebrated the first Thanksgiving in 1621.

Pilgrims & Plymouth Colony

PILGRIMS

Puritans: Family Groups who were church members who

wanted to purify the Church of England.Build a community based on biblical teachings.

Religious Dissent:Disagreement with religious authority

Puritans Create “New England”

Puritans

Founded after Plymouth Colony

First Governor was John Winthrop

Capital city was BOSTONRight to vote for all male church members.

Voted for council and governor

Massachusetts Bay Colony

Mayflower Compact:Created a civil government in Plymouth.Power of government was from the people.

Town Meetings: local, tax paying people got together to

discuss and vote on issues.

New England Colonies Government

Relied heavily on the Atlantic Ocean.ShipbuildingTradeFishing

New England Colonial Economy

Main reason why England establishes the colonies in N. America.

Theory that countries grew wealthier and maintained their national security by exporting MORE than they import.“Favorable balance of trade”

Mercantilism

Puritans promoted public educationEveryone should be able to read the Bible.

Generally, only boys attended school. Girls were schooled at home.

Established Harvard and Yale.

New England Colonies Education

Religion & Dissent in New England

Founded by Roger WilliamsHad no rightful claim to native land.People should be able to practice their religion

freely.

WHY was Rhode Island founded?Williams was going to be arrested & he fled.Made a deal with Native for land and set up

city of PROVIDENCE

Rhode Island

Roger Williams

Began teaching Bible studies at her home.Women were not supposed to teach.

She taught: people don’t need the church or ministers to interpret the Bible.

ANNE was BANISHED!! She fled to Rhode Island

ANNE HUTCHINSON

ANNE HUTCHINSON

Disagreed with ChurchLeft Massachusetts

FOUNDED CONNETICUTGovernment's power cane only from peopleSet limits on power of government.

THOMAS HOOKER

Thomas Hooker

Troubles in New England

1684

Constant political and religious unrest in the colony led the Crown to take over leadership.

Royal Colony in 1691.

The Crown established a NEW legislature:Abolished requirement that every member be a

member of the church.

Massachusetts Lost its Charter

Metacom: (KING PHILIP)Chief of the Wampanoag people.His people had to obey Puritan laws.Organized tribes to wipe out colonists in New

England.He was shot in the heart in Rhode Island

Ended the conflict.

King Philip’s War: 1675

Disputes over land

False treaties

Native American & Colonial Expansion

Metacom

Native power was gone forever in New England

1/10 of male population of colonists were killed.

Result of King Philip’s War

“Conversion Experiences” required for church membership(coming to true faith in Christ)

Original settlers feared their children would not have this----the Church changed their membership requirements

Half-Way Covenant

Partial membership in the church for the children and grandchildren of full membersRegardless of conversion.Needed to be baptized Did not have voting rights

Half-Way Covenant

1692:

Young girls accused various townspeople of begin witches.Many were tired and condemned to death by

hanging.

Numerous Factors:Religious fervorPolitical UnrestPoor Harvest

Salem Witch Trials

New YorkPennsylvaniaNew JerseyDelaware

Middle Colonies

1621---founded by the DUTCHPeople from The Netherlands

Dutch government granted permission to colonize area of the Hudson River.

Expand the thriving fur industry.

New Netherland

1625

Capital city of New Netherland

Diverse colony

NEW AMSTERDAM

ENGLISH TAKEOVER

The Dutch were separating English northern and southern colonies.

Dutch were driven out

Duke of York was the new PROPRIETOR:Owner of the colonyRENAMED colony-----NEW YORK

WHY DID THEY TAKE OVER?

Proprietor or owner is WILLIAM PENN

QUAKERS:Believed that God’s inner light burned inside

everyone.No formal ministers.Opposed warPracticed religious tolerance

PENNSLYVANIA

William Penn

Both Farming, Shipping & Commerce

Large cities; New York & Philadelphia

No large slavery population.

Economic ties to Native American tribes.

Middle Colonies Economy

DiverseEveryone was welcome

Population

VERY FRIENDLY!!Penn bought land from NativesRegulated TradeEstablished a court for disputes

No major conflicts for 50 years!!

Native American Relations

Individualism & Social Mobility

The ability to move from one social status to another.

Many people came to North America of new opportunities it offered.

In Europe land was limited & social status was well-defined.

In North America---through hard work, lower class from Europe could advance in economic status.

Social Mobility

The belief in the ability of each individual to achieve success if they simply applied themselves.

Helped lead to ideas such as:Universal Suffrage:

All white makes being allowed to vote.Democracy

People electing whomever they wish to serve in public office rather than simply those from a select ruling class.

Individualism

BENJAMIN FRANKLIN

InventorScientistWriterAmbassadorFounding Father of the United States

He was NOT born into the upper class of society---he WORKED his way up.

Person who BEST represented these ideas is---------

Other Changes to Early Colonial America

1730s Religious movement that featured:

Passionate preachingRevivals

LEADERS:Jonathan Edwards

Called for colonist to come back to a sincere commitment to Christ.

First Great Awakening

Encourage colonists to think for themselves on religious matters.

Ensure principles like: freedom of religionSeparation of church and stateAllow citizens to practice own faith.

Effects of the Great Awakening