Edict of Nantes -Huguenots -

Louis XIV -

Quebec (1608) -Samuel de Champlain -befriends _________ enrages ____ -New France grows slow – Fur Trade Results in

1 – 2 –

Cadillac – De la Salle – New Orleans (1718) –

4 Wars Rock Colonies (1689-1763)1 & 2= William & Anne (1689-1713)

France, Spain, & Indians v. Englandnon-regulars –

England wins bothTreaty of Utrecht (1713)wins French Land & trading rights with

Spainviolation of trade rights =

4 Wars Rock Colonies (1689-1763)3= George (1744-48)

same teamsLouisbourg betrayal (111) -

Ohio River Valleyimportant –Virginians “shaky” claim (1749)–Washington wins skirmish then surrenders –

opening shots of _______ & _______ War ! Albany Congress (1754) -7 / 13short term goal –long term goal –Albany Congress not ratified -

Braddock = BAD Ft. Duquesne –failed Invasion of Canada –Pitt = PERFECTPitt becomes PM in 1757 -new strategy results in wins:

Louisbourg (1758) -Quebec (1759) -Montreal (1760) -

Treaty of Paris (1763)French out of N. AmericaSpain gets all their land

except Florida (Brit.)Importance of F & I WarBritain is now -colonists prove - friction btw Brits & colonists -

Indians & Expansion after the WarPontiac's Rebellion 1763-Proclamation of 1763 –Britain’s Frustration –Colonist’s Frustration –Proclamation ignored . . . uh oh

becoming “American” before rev. becoming “American” before rev. physical seperation – environment –colonial assembliesBUT . . . Still identified

themselves as ______________

mercantilismmercantilismThe goal of any nation should

be powerPower is measured by gold and

silver

to become powerfulto become powerful1.) amass gold and silver

2.) favorable balance of trade

(more ______ than _______)

the key to mercantilismthe key to mercantilismCOLONIES!

provide ____ _______

and a captive ______

to maintain colonies:to maintain colonies:strong central governmentstrong army enforce laws

The Navigation Acts (1750) -

other laws:other laws:all colonial imports went through

English + dutyenumerated exports stop in Eng.

on way to Europe + dutyno competitive man. goods –no col. banks or currency –“royal veto” -

MERC. -enforcement after

1763 = tougherdiscourages

entrepreneurship -at mercy of English

markets = deflated prices

self-esteem issues -

MERC. +salutary neglect -price supports for

naval goods -protected market for

colonial prod. –protection of British

Royal Navy -relative prosperity -

Insert ch. 7 timeline lecture hereInsert ch. 7 timeline lecture here

Historians Disagree! (Pat, Peter, & Ricci) Historians Disagree! (Pat, Peter, & Ricci)

Imperial School Historiansargue –

within –

Progressive Historians – 1950sbelieve it was not –

but rather –

Historians Disagree! (Pat, Peter, & Ricci) Historians Disagree! (Pat, Peter, & Ricci) Bernard Bailyn

argued that colonists thought England“conspired against liberty”

colonists were suspicious of -Howard Zinn

the rich redirected a class revolution towards them into a political revolution against England

What is History?there are a few undisputable factshistorians use those facts and primary sources to develop a

disputable narrative (story).we call this story the history of a time or event, but its only 1

historian’s history of it

CS: 1.) What was the “royal veto”?2.) Name 1 item taxed by the

Stamp Tax.3.) Was the Stamp Tax ever

repealed?

4.) Name 1 item taxed by the Townshend Acts.

5.) What violent act between Redcoats & colonists is portrayed on the last page of last night’s reading?

1.) Who is credited with organizing the first committees of correspondence (painting on p.131)?

2.) What did the British Port Act legislate?

3.) What did The Association call for?

4.) If someone gave you a handful of “Continentals” what are you holding in your hand?

5.) Which side promised all black servants who joined their army freedom after the war?

AMERICANS or ENGLISH

Historians Disagree! (Pat, Peter, & Ricci) Historians Disagree! (Pat, Peter, & Ricci) Bernard Bailyn

argued that colonists thought England“conspired against liberty”

colonists were suspicious of -Howard Zinn

the rich redirected a class revolution towards them into a political revolution against England

Historians Disagree! Historians Disagree! historiography – the study of historical writing

An examination of the historiography of this period reveals disagreement over whether or not . . .

If you care . . . (not on the test)If you care . . . (not on the test)Mr. Feucht is a leftistleftist =Why you or your parents should

not be scared I’m telling you this –bias is inherent in history -the fairest thing for your teachers

to do is to identify their bias -

And then . . .And then . . . do their best to teach several

histories, not just their ownbut students can always be aware

-

From Good Will Hunting

1.) People who supported Britain during the revolution were called ____________ .

2.) Who won the Battle of Saratoga?

Americans British

3.) Who did Mohawk Chief Joseph Brant support?

Americans British4.) Cornwallis was forced to

surrender at The Battle of ______ .5.) Name 1/3 negotiators of the

Treaty of Paris.

Sugar & Stamp Act money NOT used to pay off huge F & I war debt

just 1/3 of the cost of the 10,000 troops currently protecting the colonies

violators tried in admiralty courtsno judge, assumed guilty

“no taxation w/o representation” –OK for Parlaiment to legislate, but

not taxGrenville responds with

“virtual representation” -but if they got what they wanted –they wanted the issue, not a

solution

1/3 populationuntrained militialack weapons and

wagonslack of unity“continental” cash &

inflationprofiteersMINORITY

REVOLUTION

good leadershipThe French?more determined

citizensdefensive war

avoid being totally conquered = win

fighting at home

other wars to fightdissent at home6 week supply lineno one-city winbumbling generals

3 times the population

more $$$$professional armyHessiansIndians“Black Loyalists”

CHAPTER EIGHTAmerica Secedes from the Empire

1775-1783

Page 142

2ND Continental Congress (May 75)no widespread call for

independencere-sent grievances to Brit.raised an army appointed Washington

Virginia aristocrat –no military genius, good leader

April-June 76 – fighting while still loyalJune 75 – Bunker Hill -July 75 – Olive Branch Petition -King George’s response -

Canadian Invasion Failsrebels thought

1. French would -2. gain –3. while denying Brit. -

Montreal falls, Quebec holds toughp.145

Thomas Paine – Common Sense

propaganda pamphletsmaller rule the larger?1. independence = freedom2. independence = $$$$$3. republic -

radical republican philosophyall governmental authority should

flow from popular consent“civic virtue”

rights of “the people” more important than one person

sacrifice personal good for “public good”

conservative republicans disagreedafraid of “mobocracy” of the

“lower orders”believed in a “natural aristocracy”Howard Zinn –

A People’s History of the United States

Richard Henry Lee (June-July 76)Virginian’s resolution for

independence approvedJefferson in charge of explaining

it

Thomas Jefferson–Dec. of IndependenceJohn Locke & “natural rights”egalitarianism4 purposes (for different audiences):

1-2- 3-4-

the argument (1045)

By The Way . . . By The Way . . .

Who is not included in “All men are created equal” ?

Loyalists Loyalists~20% of the populationconservative, wealthy, & oldAnglicanmore numerous from the Southpersecuted (along with Quakers) by “Patriots”80,000 fled the countryland grab Motive for persecution?

The War for Independence

WAR OVERVIEWNew England, ‘75 – 76

Middles Colonies, ‘77-78

South ‘79 - Peace

Summer and Fall of ‘76July - huge Brit Force takes N.Y.colonists lose badly at Long IslandWashington retreats across Delaware

Winter 76-77 The New Jersey CampaignWashington re-crosses Icy

Delaware 12/26/76defeats Hessians at Trentondefeats British at Princeton

(153)

Britain’s New Strategy (‘77)isolate New EnglandBurgoyne down from NorthHowe up from the SouthSt. Leger from The West(154)

Howe Wins then Stops – Fall ‘77beats Washington twicetakes Philadelphiastops

Saratoga, ‘77Burgoyne surrounded by GatesBurgoyne surrenders October ’77convinces Britain to offer -WON FRENCH ALLIANCE

Valley Forge, ‘77-78

brutal winter for Washington in Pennsylvania

Baron von Steuben 2000 die

French Alliance, ‘78 – ‘83England v. World (156)Spain comes in ‘79dominant Navyforced Britain to change strategyBritain leaves Philly for NY

French resourcesearly aid–90% of G-powder 76-77lots of $$$$cash$$$$MEN – 50% of colonist forcesLa Fayette & Rochambeau

Cornwallis Up from South, ‘78-‘81Georgia fallsCharleston, SC 1780 (5500

captured)fights his way Northrests and Waits on Chesapeake

Yorktown, ‘81Washington & Rochambeau from landDe Grasse from seaCornwallis surrenders in October ‘81war continues for a year

Treaty of Paris, ‘83Franklin, J. Adams, and Jayseparate peace schemeindependenceland

West to Mississippi, North to the Great Lakes, South to Florida

Why such kind terms from Britain and France?