stakeholders and perspectives participative techniques · participative techniques environment and...

Environment and Territory Management @ MRPartidário1

Prof. Doutora Maria do Rosário Partidário

Stakeholders and perspectives

Participative techniques

Environment and Territory Management

Environment and Territory Management @ MRPartidário

BibliographyCreighton, J. L. 2005. The Public Participation Handbook: making better decisions through citizen involvement. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.

Glucker, A.N. et al., 2013. Public participation in environmental impact assessment: Why, who and how? Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 43, pp.104–111. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2013.06.003.

Healey, P 1997. Collaborative Planning: Shaping Places in Fragmented Societies, UBC Press

Vasconcelos, L; Oliveira, R.; Caser, U. 2009. Governância e Participação na Gestão Territorial. Série Política de Cidade – 5, Polis XXI. Direcção Geral do Ordenamento do Território e Desenvolvimento Urbano.


Stakeholders in planning process

Stakeholders= population?

Stakeholders have different motivations and interests, sometimes convergent others conflictual

Public interest: Public good or private corporative interests?


Aarhus Convention and European Directive 2003/4/CE of 28 January

http://www.unece.org/env/pp/

Access to information, Public participation in environmental decision-making and Access to justice in environmental

matters

Principle 10 of Rio Declaration(1992)

Environmental issues are best handled with the participation of all concerned citizens….each individual shall have appropriate access to information concerning the environment ….and the opportunity to

participate in decision-making processes.


ConceptUNECE Aarhus Convention (1998)

“The public” - one or more natural or legal persons, and, in accordance with national legislation or practice, their associations, organizations or groups

“The public concerned” - the public affected or likely to be affected by, or having an interest in the environmental decision-making

Word “Stakeholder” not in use


Art. 7º

Public participation concerning plans, programmes and policies in environmental matters

Each Part will undertake the practical adequate measures or other to ensure that the public will participate, in a transparent and fair way, in the preparation of plans and programme concerning environmental matters, making the necessary information to the public. .. The public that will be able to participate will be identified by the competent public authority, having in consideration the objectives of this convention.


Multiple territorial perceptions


http://lithgow-schmidt.dk/sherry-arnstein/ladder-of-citizen-participation.html

Citizens participation ladderArnstein (1969, Journal of the American Planning Association, 35: 216-224)

Manipulation

Information

Consultation

Participation

Delegation of power

Citizens control

Public weight in decision-making


Actor analysis is an analysis of all relevant actors.

Relevant actors are:

Actors that have an interest in the decision making;

Actors that can hinder the decision making;

Actors that can enrich the decision making;

Actors that has to be involved on moral arguments.

(De Bruijn, H. et al., 2002)


Communicative-planning approaches – emphasis on the role of actors in the planning process

1. How to select the relevant actors?2. What is the relevant information for each relevant actor,

and how to get it? 3. What are the characteristics of important social

networks, and how can they be identified and analyzed? 4. How to apply the information on actors and actor

networks in practical situations?

Thissen (2001)


Communicative-planning approaches – emphasis on the

role of actors in the planning process

Approaches

1. Actors analysis for problem formulation – vision of problems depend on actors; problem formulation will therefore depend on actors.

(Thissen (2001)




Identify actors :- actors have a cause influence on problematic factors- actors develop formal papers- actors have controlling mechanisms that are needed to implement certain solutions -actors can be affected, or potentially affected by the problem situation

(Thissen (2001)




Study actors :- what are their interests and objectives- how do they see the problem situation (causes, problems, solutions)

Their probable position on the problem formulation and possible solution (agreement, opposition, opportunity, conciliation, etc.)

(Thissen (2001)




Methods:- Document analysis- interviews- workshops

Process can be repeated once or twice(Thissen (2001)


Dynamic Actor Network Analysis (DANA)Systemic description of an actor in relation to the relevant causal situations, on

the structure of objectives, or on the structure of the network, which implies his relationship with other actors in the network

Visualization with graphs analysis will enable:- Analysis of different perspectives between actors- Clusters of actors- Analysis of dependence structures

http://dana.actoranalysis.com/


Formal network

Informal network


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OLqXu5kVz7M

http://www.calgaryregionfocus.com/2014/04/23/learn-how-the-calgary-region-is-building-its-future/

TED Talk: How to be a change agent?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZR1Dn1HdSpA


http://www.sas2.net/Social Analysis Systems


Who is involved?

Stages and Methods of PP

Benefits of PP

Potential application:

-EIA

-SEA

-Strategies for Sustainability

-Local Agenda 21

-Spatial and Development planning


Participative techniques - Hands on planning

"If you want to know how the shoe fits, ask the person who is wearing it, not the one who made it."

stakeholders and perspectives participative techniques · participative techniques environment and...

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