STAAR STAAR ReviewReviewSTAAR STAAR ReviewReview

Category 1-Matter & EnergyCategory 1-Matter & EnergyStudents demonstrate an understanding of Students demonstrate an understanding of

the properties of matter and energy the properties of matter and energy and their interactions.and their interactions.

Key Terminology• Conductivit

y • Density • Luster• Malleability • Metals• Metalloids • Non-metals• Valence

- ability to transfer heat and/or electricity

- measure of a materials mass per unit volume (m/v)- describes how a material reflect light

- materials flexibility without breaking

- good conductors of heat/electricity

- poor conductors of heat/electricity

- have properties of both metals & nonmetals

- # of electrons in the outer most shell of an atom;

- determines the reactivity of an element

8.5A; 6.6A

Do you know?• Element is

• Compound is

• Mixture is

a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler

substances.

a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler

substances.

two or more elements combined to form a new substance whose

characteristics are different than the original elements.

two or more elements combined to form a new substance whose

characteristics are different than the original elements.

two or more substances that are not chemically combined

and can be separated.

two or more substances that are not chemically combined

and can be separated.6.5C

Common Elements & Compounds…

• He• N• C• S• P• Ca• Cl• Si

• H2O

• CO2

• NaCl

• C6H12O6

• CO• HCl

• CH4

HeliumHeliumNitrogenNitrogenCarbonCarbon

CalciumCalciumChlorineChlorine

SiliconSilicon

WaterWater

Carbon DioxideCarbon DioxideSodium Chloride (salt)Sodium Chloride (salt)Glucose

(sugar)Glucose (sugar)Carbon

MonoxideCarbon MonoxideHydrochloric AcidHydrochloric Acid

SulfurSulfur

PhosphorusPhosphorus

MethaneMethane

8.5D; 7.6A

Atom Structure

atom

electron cloud

nucleus

protons * positive charge* mass = 1 AMU

neutrons* NO charge (neutral)* mass = 1 AMU

electrons * negative charge* mass=0.005 AMU (0)

8.5A

The Atom* negatively charged* mass = 0.005 AMU * positively charged* positively charged

* mass = 1 AMU* mass = 1 AMU

* no charge (neutral)* no charge (neutral)* mass = 1 AMU* mass = 1 AMU * protonsprotons + neutronsneutrons = Atomic mass

8.5A

The Element Cube

Element Symbol

Atomic Number(# of P+)

Atomic Mass

(avg. # of P+ + N0)

Element Name

8.5C

Periodic Table NitrogenFamily

Period 6

What is a row called?

What is a column called?

What do all members of a family have in

common?

What do all members of the Helium family

have in common?

*** Same # of valence e-; same reactivity ****** Same # of valence e-; same reactivity ****** Noble gases; non-reactive ****** Noble gases; non-reactive ***Every element in a Period has the same number of energy

levels (or orbitals or electron shells)

This is the Nitrogen Family OR Group V (15): There are 5 VALENCE electrons in every element in this group.

How many…

• Molecules– 2

• Elements– 3

• Atoms– 48

2C6H12O62C6H12O6

• Molecules– 3

• Elements– 4

• Atoms– 45

3Ba(CH3COO)

2

3Ba(CH3COO)

2

8.5D

Chemical Reactions & Equations

Hydrochloric Acid + Sodium Hydroxide Sodium Chloride + Water

HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O

Is this equation balanced?

H = 2

Cl = 1

Na = 1

O = 1

H = 2

Cl = 1

Na = 1

O = 1

YES, it is balanced.YES, it is balanced.8.5E

Question• In the diagram, which cools off

more quickly?A. the landB. the waterC. neitherD. not given

6.9C